DNA structure and function (a) 🦠

4 different bases =

4 different nucleotides

The sugar has ___ carbon atoms, 4 in its ring and one extending above the ring

5

What are the three components a nucleotide has?

A nitrogenous base, a sugar (blue) and a phosphate group (gold)

What is a polynucleotide?

A polymer made up of many nucleotide monomers covalently bonded together.

What are the four different types of nucleotides (abbreviated)

A, C, T and G

What are the two double ring bases called

Adenine and guanine

What is a genome?

All the DNA in one cell of an organism

What is DNA polymerase?

Are the enzymes that make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of a new DNA strand.

Compare and contrast the chemical components of DNA and RNA

BOTH ARE POLYMERS OF NUCLEOTIDES (A SUGAR + A NITROGENOUS BASE + A PHOSPHATE GROUP). IN RNA, THE SUGAR IS RIBOSE, IN DNA, IT IS DEOXYRIBOSE. BOTH RNA AND DNA HAVE THE BASES A,G, AND C BUT DNA HAS T AND RNA HAS U.

What does G pair with in DNA?

C

Sugar is called deoxyribose because

Compared with the sugar ribose, it is missing an oxygen atom.

A is "_______________" to T and G to C

Complimentary

Nucleotides are joined by _______ bonds between the sugar of one of the nucleotide and the phosphate of the next

Covalent

What bond are the nucleotides bonded together

Covalent , the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next

Why does molecular biology matter

DNA is the molecule of heredity and chemical basis for evolution.

What enzyme connect nucleotides together during DNA replication

DNA polymerase

The four nucleotides found in DNA ______ only in their nitrogenous bases

Differ

Is adenine single or double base?

Double

Is guanine a single or double base ?

Double

What bonds are within the DNA structure

Hydrogen bonds

The two strands of a single DNA molecule are connected to each other by ____ bonds between ____ bases

Hydrogen, complimentary

DNA is a _______ a polymer made of _______

Nucleic acid , nucleotides

Both DNA and RNA are...

Nucleic acids, which consist of long chains (polymers) or chemical units (monomers) called nucleotides.

Each phosphate has a negative charge on one of its.....

Oxygen atoms

phosphate group

Phosphorus (P) at its center of the nucleotide is the source of acid in the nucleic acid.

RNA contains a different sugar molecule called

Ribose

One "typo" in the DNA could result in..

Sickle cell disease

Is cytosine a single or double base ?

Single

Is thymine a single or double ring base

Single

What are thymine and cytosine?

Single ring bases of a nucleotide

The basic shape of a DNA is a

Spiral helix

What pattern goes "sugar , phosphate, sugar , phosphate

Sugar phosphate backbone

What does A pair with in DNA?

T

What is a sugar-phosphate backbone?

The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached

What does the word nucleic refer to in the word deoxyribonucleic

The location of the DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells

What are the single ring structures called

Thymine and cytosine

One DNA molecule is made up of_______

Two prolly nucleotide strand

What is the single base in RNA called?

Uracil

What is uracil?

Used instead of thymine in RNA strands

Who discovered the double helix

Watson and Crick

How does complementary base pairing make DNA replication possible

When the two strands of the double helix separate, each serves as a template on which nucleotides can be arranged by specific base pairing into new complementary strands

does DNA have a uniform diameter?

Yes

What is a nucleotide?

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

What is in a chromosome

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

DNA strands are complimentary and ____

anti-parallel

What is the full name of DNA?

deoxyribonucleic acid

What sugar molecule is found in DNA

deoxyribose

How many nucleotides are in DNA?

four

What does DNA do?

stores genetic information , copy information and passes from generation to generation

What is deoxyribose?

sugar

What 3 parts make up a nucleotide?

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

double helix

the form assumed by DNA in living cells, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape