DNA structure and function (a) 🦠
4 different bases =
4 different nucleotides
The sugar has ___ carbon atoms, 4 in its ring and one extending above the ring
5
What are the three components a nucleotide has?
A nitrogenous base, a sugar (blue) and a phosphate group (gold)
What is a polynucleotide?
A polymer made up of many nucleotide monomers covalently bonded together.
What are the four different types of nucleotides (abbreviated)
A, C, T and G
What are the two double ring bases called
Adenine and guanine
What is a genome?
All the DNA in one cell of an organism
What is DNA polymerase?
Are the enzymes that make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of a new DNA strand.
Compare and contrast the chemical components of DNA and RNA
BOTH ARE POLYMERS OF NUCLEOTIDES (A SUGAR + A NITROGENOUS BASE + A PHOSPHATE GROUP). IN RNA, THE SUGAR IS RIBOSE, IN DNA, IT IS DEOXYRIBOSE. BOTH RNA AND DNA HAVE THE BASES A,G, AND C BUT DNA HAS T AND RNA HAS U.
What does G pair with in DNA?
C
Sugar is called deoxyribose because
Compared with the sugar ribose, it is missing an oxygen atom.
A is "_______________" to T and G to C
Complimentary
Nucleotides are joined by _______ bonds between the sugar of one of the nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
Covalent
What bond are the nucleotides bonded together
Covalent , the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
Why does molecular biology matter
DNA is the molecule of heredity and chemical basis for evolution.
What enzyme connect nucleotides together during DNA replication
DNA polymerase
The four nucleotides found in DNA ______ only in their nitrogenous bases
Differ
Is adenine single or double base?
Double
Is guanine a single or double base ?
Double
What bonds are within the DNA structure
Hydrogen bonds
The two strands of a single DNA molecule are connected to each other by ____ bonds between ____ bases
Hydrogen, complimentary
DNA is a _______ a polymer made of _______
Nucleic acid , nucleotides
Both DNA and RNA are...
Nucleic acids, which consist of long chains (polymers) or chemical units (monomers) called nucleotides.
Each phosphate has a negative charge on one of its.....
Oxygen atoms
phosphate group
Phosphorus (P) at its center of the nucleotide is the source of acid in the nucleic acid.
RNA contains a different sugar molecule called
Ribose
One "typo" in the DNA could result in..
Sickle cell disease
Is cytosine a single or double base ?
Single
Is thymine a single or double ring base
Single
What are thymine and cytosine?
Single ring bases of a nucleotide
The basic shape of a DNA is a
Spiral helix
What pattern goes "sugar , phosphate, sugar , phosphate
Sugar phosphate backbone
What does A pair with in DNA?
T
What is a sugar-phosphate backbone?
The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached
What does the word nucleic refer to in the word deoxyribonucleic
The location of the DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells
What are the single ring structures called
Thymine and cytosine
One DNA molecule is made up of_______
Two prolly nucleotide strand
What is the single base in RNA called?
Uracil
What is uracil?
Used instead of thymine in RNA strands
Who discovered the double helix
Watson and Crick
How does complementary base pairing make DNA replication possible
When the two strands of the double helix separate, each serves as a template on which nucleotides can be arranged by specific base pairing into new complementary strands
does DNA have a uniform diameter?
Yes
What is a nucleotide?
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
What is in a chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA strands are complimentary and ____
anti-parallel
What is the full name of DNA?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What sugar molecule is found in DNA
deoxyribose
How many nucleotides are in DNA?
four
What does DNA do?
stores genetic information , copy information and passes from generation to generation
What is deoxyribose?
sugar
What 3 parts make up a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
double helix
the form assumed by DNA in living cells, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape