DO THIS ONE LAST: FINAL EXAM REVIEW UNIT 5: Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

What is an isotope?

ALL atoms of the same element have the ❗️SAME number of protons❗️. BUT some atoms may have ❗️DIFFERENT NUMBER of neutrons❗️ Isotopes of the same elements have the same physical and chemical properties as the element has because isotopes have the ❗️SAME numbers of protons and electrons but ❗️DIFFERENT number of protons

What is the Dalton model?

An English chemist who re-introduced the idea of the atom and provided evidence for the existence of atoms Daton's atomic theory is still mostly accepted today. It is one of the most important theories in all f science. Happened around 1800

Where is the mass number found?

At the bottom of the atom symbol on the periodic table

Identify an atomic model description and/or contribution include a drawing of the model

Dalton: 0 atomic theory Thomson: positive charged nucleus Rutherford: mostly empty space Bohr: energy levels for electrons Electron cloud: regions NOT orbits of electrons

What is Rutherford's atomic model?

Discovered the nucleus of the atom. According to Rutherford's model, an atom has a dense positively charged nucleus with electrons moving randomly around it. Happened around 1911

What is the name of the currently accepted atomic model?

Electron Cloud Model

who was Democritus?

Greek philosopher who was among the first to suggest the existence of atoms

What is Bohr Atomic Model?

He proposed that electrons move around the nucleus at fixed distances from the nucleus based on the amount of energy they have The fixed distances where electrons orbit are called ENERGY LEVELS

What is JJ Thomson Model?

His theory included subatomic particles -- the electron and the proton Happened around 1897

What is an ion?

Ions are atoms that have a POSITIVE charge or a NEGATIVE charge BECAUSE the atom has ❗️gained or lost ❗️electrons and now.... it has ❗️UNEQUAL numbers of protons and electrons❗️

What is the difference between "mass number" and atomic mass?

Mass number total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus (whole number) Atomic mass is average mass numbers of an element (has decimals)

How do you figure out how many neutrons an atom has?

Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - atomic number (protons) Hint: the atomic number for each element is the number of protons

Explain the difference between the 3 subatomic particles including charge and location of atom, isotope, ion

PROTON: 1 amu; inside nucleus; +1 charge Neutron: 1 amu; inside nucleus; NO charge electron: 0 amu; outside nucleus; -1 charge

What is an atom?

Smallest component of an element having chemical properties of the element Atoms have EQUAL numbers of positive protons and negative electrons SO.. the overall charge is neutral in electric charge Atoms can gain or lose electrons however.

How do you figure out how many PROTONS a neutral atom has?

Use the periodic table, the number of protons IS the atomic number for each element

What is an electron?

a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus

What is the electron cloud model?

a visual model of the most likely locations for the electrons in an atom He proposed that electrons orbit in "regions" around the nucleus which became known as the electron cloud model Happened around 1920s

What is an electrically neutral atom?

an atom with no charge because it has equal numbers of protons and neutrons

What is the difference between an atom, isotope, and ion of the same element?

atom "normal" form of an element ion - has gained or lost electons isotope - different number of neutrons than "normal"

How do you solve for the number of each subatomic paricles in an atom/isotope?

atomic number = protons, electrons mass number/atomic number = # of neutrons

How do you identify the atomic number of an element? What is it significance?

atomic number is the smaller of the 2 numbers listed with the chemical symbol on the periodic table

What is the nucleus of an atom?

dense center of the atom made up of protons and neutrons clustered closely together Contains + protons and neutral neutrons....so it has an overall positive charge

Which subatomic particle weighs the least?

electron

what is the name of the currently accepted atomic model?

electron cloud model

Where are nuetrons located?

inside the nucleus

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

inside the nucleus -- the protons + neutrons

Where is the proton located?

inside the nucleus of an atom

What is difference between "mass number" and "atomic mass"?

mass number is sum of protons and neutrons (whole number) atomic number is average of all mass numbers of an element (has decimals)

What is the charge of an electron?

negative charge -1

What is the charge of a neutron?

no charge -- it is neutral

What subatomic particle is the same between an atom, isotope, and ion of the SAME element?

number of protons

Where are electrons found in an atom?

orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud

What is the charge of a proton?

positive charge +1

What are the 3 types of particles that make up all atoms?

protons, electrons, neutrons

What is a neutron?

subatomic particle with no charge

How do you figure out how many electrons s a neutral atom has?

the number of electrons is always the same as the number of protons

What is difference between a positive and negative ion?

the positive ion has lost electrons negative ion has gained electrons

What is a proton?

the subatomic particle in an atom (subatomic) that has a positive electric charge