DRAM 115 - Quiz 2
Neoclassicism's most famous "rule" is adherence to the three unities. What are they?
"Time, place and action" (the idea that a play's story should last as long as it takes the audience to watch it, that it should take place in a single setting, and have one main action)
What did "twelfth night" mean?
"What you will"
Shakespeare used iambic pentameter (5 metrical feet of "iambs") because it aided his actors in memorization, it carried imagery and metaphor better than prose, and because the rhythm echoes the human heartbeat. Sometimes, for effect, he changed the rhythm and used trochees (opposite to iambs) whose different rhythm caught the ear of the audience and allowed other words and images to be emphasized. A example of a word having the rhythm of a "trochee" is:
"allow"
What does momento mori mean?
"remember that you must die"
Commedia dell'arte
*"Comedy performed by professionals" *improvised plots with stock characters *lots of physical comedy *comic routines called "lazzi" *influenced Moliere's concept of characterization *popular through Europe during 1500s
Renaissance
*"rebirth" of classical thinking *move away form medieval thinking *embrace of classical thinking *celebration of human achievement *Humanism - celebrated the idea that humans had worth and value, life is worth embracing *studies focused on what it meant to be human (they studied lots of Greek and Roman things) *Invention of printing press *exploration of new world *scientific revalations *first theatre in Europe was based on classical roman design *HUGE CHANGES IN THINKING AND SELF PERCEPTION
Roman Comedy
*Atellan Farce *Plautus and Terence *Eliminated chorus, added more music *Comic devices - mistaken identities, eavesdropping, farce/physical humor
Why did Roman theatre collapse?
*Catholic church was rising and became official religion at the end of the 300s *The church looked down on impersonations; associated theatre with immorality *Church promised excommunication to any actor
Moliere
*Jean-Baptiste Poquelin *Had a law degree but fell in love and joined an acting company *learned by finding out what people liked
Roman Theaters
*Orchestra - cut in half; where rich people/dignitaries sat *Raised stage (pulpitum) separate from orchestra *Now in an enclosed building; totally artificial environment *Front scaena - huge back wall *Free-standing buildings *Stage house (scaena) - elaborate, formal background with 2-5 doorways (enclosed audience view) *Actors are only men (they were professionals) *Actors wore masks
Medieval Stage
*Platforms outside church - called "mansions" *Pageant wagons - with a changing area, elaborate costumes *Special effects - "Hell-mouths" with smoke and fire for sinners *Rising professionalism - actors, plays, music, spectacle *Audience goes to the theatre again
Roman Tragedy
*They barely did it *Seneca
Horace (65-8 BCE)
*Wrote "Ares Poetica" (the Art of Poetry), like Aristotle, influential to Renaissance authors *Recommended theatre should have a moral purpose as well as to entertain *"Teach and Please"
The Globe Theatre
*built just outside of London from remnants for The Theatre *sat about 3,000 people *stage about 5' high
Shakespeare's language
*early modern English *based on old english, latin, scandinavian, and french *he invented words (hostile, manager, obscene, addiction, investment, assassinate, writ, etc.)
Christopher Marlow
*first to write in iambic pentameter *Marlow's mighty lines *inspired Shakespeare's writing
Shakespeare
*joined the Lord Chamberlin's Men in London *Married Anne Hathaway and had Susanna 6 months later (maybe felt trapped in marriage)
Mystery Plays/Cycle Plays/Craft Plays
*performed by trade/craft guilds *performed around time of Feast of Corpus Christi *Stories from the bible *Organized into "cycles" of up to 48 plays that took days to perform *Civic as well as religious function *revived interest in drama *fostered a growing professionalism
Morality Plays
*performed by traveling professionals *plays featured the moral testing of a contemporary, Christian "everyman" *used distinctive form of allegory, where abstract ideas (death, greed, sloth, good deeds, etc.) are given personal form (a dramatic character)
With no religious sanction of theatre...
*plays turn to secular subjects *classical texts offer "new" forms *national drama can now develop (each country had their own style of theatre) *no civic support - theatre must now be commercial and make money *relationship to society now changed *plays had to be something people wanted to see
Seneca (5 BCE - 65 BCE)
*wrote "closet dramas" influential to Renaissance authors (Shakespeare) *Subject/Treatment: violent, bloody, featuring revenge, ghosts, magic, and the supernatural *Five-Act form *Focus on psychological motivation (talking on stage about feelings) *Use of soliloquies and asides to audience
What significance did the ban on religious drama have on theatre?
- Increased focus on classical and secular texts - Theatre no longer was a community sponsored event - Encouraged the rise of the professional acting troupe - Theatre not had to survive on its commercial and artistic merits
Shakespeare used Iambic Pentameter because...
- It aided in the memorization for the actors - It imitated classical forms - It carried imagery and metaphor better than prose - It echoed human heartbeat
Comic devices implemented by "New Comedy" included:
- Mistaken identities - Eavesdropping - Farce/Physical Humor
What aspect(s) of Elizabethan stage practice does Shakespeare elucidate when a character in one of his plays (Henry V) says to the audience, "Think, when we talk of horses, that you see them/Printing their proud hoofs in the receiving earth;/For 'tis your thoughts that now must deck our kings,/Carry them here and there; jumping o'er times,/Turning the accomplishment of many years/Into an hour-glass..."
- The audience's imagination was utilized - The stage utilized a generalized playing area - Time and space were sometimes compressed - Few realistic stage settings were used
Elements of a Senecan Tragedy
-5 Acts -Soliloquy/aside/confidante -Elaborate speeches -Proverbial statements -Preoccupation with magic/death/supernatural -Single Passion -Evil of unrestrained emotion
Why use Iambic pentameter?
-Copied from Italian poets who were imitating classical authors -helps the actors speak images in text -helps the audience hear images in text -rhythm serves the climactic nature of English language -echoes the human heartbeat
What did Tartuffe have in terms of comic routines?
-lots of physical comedy -lazzi
What did the Renaissance bring on?
-moving away from medieval thinking -embrace of classical learning -celebration of human achievement -humanism
Elements of Neoclassicism:
-no chorus or soliloquies -no violence on stage -unity of time, place, and action
Mystery plays
-performed by trade guilds -were assigned stories related to their craft -civic as well as religious function -revived an interest in drama -fostered a growing professionalism -stories from the Bible
Describe the medieval stage.
-platforms outside stage (mansions) -pageant wagons- with a changing area, elaborate costumes -special effects (hell-mouths, smoke and fire) -rising professionalism
What happened after there were no religious sanctions of theatre?
-plays turn to secular subjects -classical texts offer "new" forms -national drama can now develop
What was characteristic after the fall of Rome?
-stability was gone -people clung to "the next life will be better" -people were illiterate -dialects formed
Morality play
-was about morality -performed by traveling professionals -plays featured the moral testing of a contemporary Christian "everyman"
Everyman seeks to impress three things:
1) An awareness of life's impermanence 2)An ability to discern the eternal in the midst of the transitory 3)A commitment to live life as if every day is your last
What two things must Malvolio do to earn Olivia's affection?
1) smile 2)wear yellow stocking with cross-guartering
What war was going on during Everyman?
100 Years War
How long does Everyman ask to be given to get his life in order?
12 years
Shakespeare's dates?
1564-1616
Shakespeares date
1564-1616
What years were Shakespeare alive?
1564-1616
When did William Shakespeare live?
1564-1616
By what year had morality plays disappeared?
1600
Corbus Christi year?
1624
When was the booming time for Roman theatre?
400s AD
Mystery plays were organized into cycles of up to how many plays?
48 plays, they took days to perform
Roman theatre peaked in
4th century BCE (300s)
When did the revival of drama in the church take place?
925 CE
Laturgical drama period?
9th and 10th century
Who does Everyman represent?
A broader humanity that must come to terms with death
What does a rhyming couplet signify?
A character searching for an answer
Cousin cannot travel with Everyman because of what?
A cramp in his toe
What is a closet drama?
A drama not performed when written because of political, technical, or cultural barriers or because they were intended to be only read.
EVERYMAN, the most famous example of a "morality" play, utilized the technique of giving abstract concepts (like death, strength, beauty, knowledge) human form. This technique is called __________.
Allegory
What distinctive form did morality plays use?
Allegory
Stock characters
An improvised style of comedy from the north of Italy called Atellan farce contributed what important feature to comic drama?
In Tartuffe, how is the action resolved?
An officer of the King intervenes on Orgon's behalf
M. Loyal
An officer of the law who serves Orgon's eviction papers.
Appears at the very end of the play with Everyman's Book of Reckoning to receive Everyman's soul
Angel
Who did Shakespeare marry?
Anne Hathaway
A figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of or strongly contrasted with each other
Antithesis
Cares for Sebastian
Antonio
Who coined Neoclassicism?
Aristotle
Why will Olivia swear off men?
Because she is mourning the loss of her brother, and her father
Why can Good Deeds not travel with Everyman?
Because she is so weak, Everyman paid no attention to her
Mystery plays, performed in cycles, were expressions of civic pride as well as religious devotion. They were based upon _________ _________ and were built and performed by ___________ __________
Biblical Stories, Trade Guilds
Olivia is in love with...
Cesario
Elements of drama include:
Characters, Action, Spectacle, Audience
Who fled to France?
Charles I
A rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form
Chiasmus
"New Comedy" eliminated the ________ and added more ________ by making actors sing their parts
Chorus, Music
Orgon's brother-in-law who tries to get everyone to view things with calm and reason
Cleante
Seneca wrote "__________ ________" that became influential to Renaissance authors such as Shakespeare
Closet Dramas
Roman theatre focused more on these types of plays
Comedies
These plays were mainly for the middle class, and they emphasized rules of the household and man's relationship to society
Comedy
This improvised comedy with stock, masked characters was hugely popular throughout Europe
Commedia dell'arte
Allows Everyman to confess and repent for his sins. There is some confusion in the text about whether Confession is male or female
Confession
A romance
Constantly experimenting with form and boundaries, Shakespeare wrote THE TEMPEST to be neither a tragedy or a comedy, but having elements of both. This new genre has since been called:
A friend of Everyman's, who deserts him along with Kindred. 'Cousin' means 'related', so when Kindred forsakes Everyman, it represents family members - and perhaps close friends - deserting him
Cousin
Stories from the bible
Cycle dramas were groups of mystery plays put together as a town's yearly tribute to the church and as an expression of civic pride. Mystery plays were:
Orgon's son and Elmire's stepson who tries to prove Tartuffe a hypocrite and succeeds only in having himself disinherited
Damis
God's "mighty messenger," who visits Everyman at the very start of the play to inform him that he is going to die and be judged by God
Death
Shakespeare was very good at...
Describing what it felt like to be alive
Most scholars maintain that drama most likely originates from a...
Desire to imitate and tell stories; rituals intended to control forces above; desire for entertainment; ceremonies performed to pass along traditions and beliefs
In Tartuffe, this element of drama is used to resolve the action
Deus Ex Machina
Liturgical Drama
Dialogue on a sacred subject, set to music and usually performed with action, and linked to the LITURGY
Mariane's maid who functions as a cunning manipulator and commentator on the actions of the play
Dorine
The clever servant (Tartuffe)
Dorine
Orsino is the...
Duke of Illyria
Allegory
EVERYMAN, the most famous example of a "morality" play, utilized the technique of giving abstract concepts (like death, strength, beauty, knowledge) human form. This technique is called __________.
Orgon's second wife who represents a reasonable attitude toward life
Elmire
cleante
Elmire's brother
Where was Everyman written? What timeframe?
England; fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
By the 12t century, tropes had become...
Entire plays, outside of the liturgy
One of the first plays to be published in England
Everyman
The most widely read and frequently produced play written before the Elizabethan age
Everyman
The representative of "every man" - of mankind in general. He dresses in fine clothes, and seems to have had led a wild and sinful life. Throughout the course of the play, he is told that he is going to die (and therefore be judged) and undergoes a pilgrimage in which he absolves himself of sin, is deserted by all of his friends apart from good deeds, and dies
Everyman
Turning point of Everyman
Everyman's encounter with Good Deeds
What was the Feast of Fools?
Everything was turned upside down
Moliére was not subsidized by King Louis the Sun G-d (True or False)?
False
Shakespeare invented about 500 words (True or False)?
False (1500)
Represents friendship. Everyman's friend and the very first one to forsake him. Fellowship suggests going drinking or consorting with women rather than going on a pilgrimage to death
Fellowship
When Shakespeare implemented an extra syllable in the last foot of a line it was regarded as a "____________ ____________"
Feminine Ending
Seneca created the ________ _____ form
Five Act
Represents the Five Senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell. One of the second group of characters who deserts Everyman in the second half of the play
Five Wits
Iambic Pentameter
Five stressed syllables, five unstressed syllables
Madame Pernelle's maid
Flipote
After the Restoration, English theatre became more like _____________
French theatre
Atellan Farce
From Roman theatre; improvised sketches based on "stock characters"
Who brought Old English?
Germanic Angles and Saxons
In the video screened in class, "Shakespeare In Love," when Gwyneth Paltrow steps in to play "Juliet" why does that make everyone in the theatre gasp?
Girls and women were not permitted on the Elizabethan stage
Appears only at the very beginning of the play. Angry with the way humans are behaving on Earth, God summons Death to visit Everyman and call him to account
God
The only character who accompanies Everyman for his entire journey is _________ __________?
Good Deeds
The only character who does not forsake Everyman - and at the end of the play, accompanies him to his grave. Good Deeds represents Everyman's good actions - nice things that he does for other people
Good Deeds
Goods represents objects - goods, stuff, belongings - and when Everyman's goods forsake him, the play is hammering home the fact that you can't take belongings with you to the grave
Goods
Who betrays Everyman who he thought would stand by him?
Goods
In Roman Theatre, the Orchestra was _________
Halved
What does Everyman do to strengthen Good Deeds?
He gives to the poor
What event occurred in Shakspeare's life at the time he wrote this play?
He lost his father
What effect did Moliere have?
He raised comedy to the same level as tragedy and gave stock characters more dimensions
What is one way Everyman tries to escape death?
He tries to bribe death
What interaction does Everyman have with Fellowship?
He will not die with Everyman but he will sin with him
A celebration of human achievement known as "___________" occurred during the ___________
Humanism, Renaissance
Where is Twelfth Night set?
Illyria
Where did women come into the theatre?
In French theatre
Where did Roman drama reemerge?
In the church because from the 500-800s there was instability after the fall of the Roman Empire and the church was the only place to become literate
Lazzi
In the scene from TARTUFFE (read in class) Orgon comes home and is informed by Dorine, the servant, of his wife's illness. However, rather than expressing concern for her he repeatedly asks, "And Tartuffe?" When Dorine informs him that Tartuffe (unlike his wife) is quite healthy, eating and drinking to his heart's content, Orgon repeatedly responds, "Poor fellow!" These comic repetitions are an example of:
Girls and women were not permitted on the Elizabethan stage
In the video screened in class, "Shakespeare In Love," when Gwyneth Paltrow steps in to play "Juliet" why does that make everyone in the theatre gasp?
Commedia dell' arte
In this improvised comedy with stock, masked characters were hugely popular throughout Europe (and would influence Moliere):
What significance did the ban on religious drama have on the theatre?
It increased focus on classical and secular texts, theatre no longer was a community sponsored event, it encouraged the rise of the professional acting troupe, theatre now had to survive on its commercial and artistic merits
the division of the scenes
It was a tradition in the French neoclassical theater for a scene to end when a new character appeared on stage or when a character left the stage.
Iambic Pentameter was copied from whom?
Italian poets
What day is the twelfth night?
January 6th
A friend of Everyman's, who deserts him along with Cousin; "Kindred' means "of the same family," so when Kindred forsakes Everyman, it represents family members deserting him
Kindred
Guides Everyman from around the middle of the play, and leads him to Confession. "Knowledge' is perhaps best defined as 'acknowledgement of sin"
Knowledge
What was used to convey the plays as actual events?
Language
In the scene amongst Marianne, Dorine, and Valere, the false exits of the characters is an example of _________
Lazzi
In the scene from TARTUFFE (read in class) Orgon comes home and is informed by Dorine, the servant, of his wife's illness. However, rather than expressing concern for her he repeatedly asks, "And Tartuffe?" When Dorine informs him that Tartuffe (unlike his wife) is quite healthy, eating and drinking to his heart's content, Orgon repeatedly responds, "Poor fellow!" These comic repetitions are an example of:
Lazzi
This festival was held every September in Rome, honoring __________ (Festival Name, Name of god)
Ludi Romani, Jupiter
Orgon's mother who is totally deluded by Tartuffe
Madame Pernelle
Flipote
Madame Pernelle's maid.
Played by a man (Tartuffe)
Madame Purnell
"I'll be revenged for the whole pack of you"
Malvolio
Olivia's maid
Maria
Orgon's daughter who is in love with Valère and who is being forced to marry Tartuffe
Mariane
Dorine
Mariane's maid
Valere
Mariane's suitor
What class would Everyman have affected?
Middle Class
What are examples of comic devices?
Mistaken identities, eaves-dropping, physical humor
__________ ___________ came to be during the time of Shakespeare
Modern English
Fell in love with Madelaine
Moliere
who is Tartuffe written by?
Moliere
Adhering to the unities of time, place and action (the idea that a play should take place in a single setting, in one day and have one main action) is most closely associated with ______________
Neoclassicism
"Time, place and action" (the idea that a play's story should last as long as it takes the audience to watch it, that it should take place in a single setting, and have one main action)
Neoclassicism's most famous "rule" is adherence to the three unities. What are they?
Did the Globe theatre have painted backdrops with one-point perspective?
No
Orsino is in love with...
Olivia
Sir Toby
Olivia's drunk uncle who marries Maria
Maria
Olivia's gentlewoman who marries Sir Toby
During the Renaissance in Europe, a move away from the permanent, ornate, universal background of the Roman (Terence) Stage and toward realistic scene painting was enabled by the development of ______ ________ _______ __________
One Point Perspective Drawing
In Moliére's Tartuffe, the play's single setting is ___________
Orgon's House
Mariane
Orgon's daughter
Madame Pernelle
Orgon's mother
Damis
Orgon's son
Elmire
Orgon's wife
The head of the house (Tartuffe)
Orgonne
"if music be the food of love, play on"
Orsino
Cesario is in love with....
Orsino
how does twelfth night begin?
Orsino listening to music and pining for Olivia
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction
Oxymoron
Where would EVERYMAN have been most likely originally performed?
Perhaps in a town square on a pageant wagon
Brought on by the Renaissance.
Perspective painting, proscenium arch
who wrote everyman
Petrus Dorlandus maybe
These two playwrights are attributed to creating "New Comedy"
Plautus, Terence
First permanent Roman theatre
Pompeii
Neoclassical Ideas
Purity in Form *Tragedy - royalty and nobility *Comedy - lower classes *5 lines of Alexandrines (12 syllable lines) Plausibility and Propriety *no chorus/soliloquies *no violence on stage *unity of time, place, and action (one story, one location, in the time it takes to watch it) *goal - to teach and to please
Drama returns with this first trope
Quem Quaeritis
During the renaissance, what culture was praised?
Roman
Plautus
Roman playwright who, along with Terence, is credited with establishing influential comic techniques
How was a Roman theatre different from a Greek?
Roman theaters were freestanding, Greek theaters were built into the hillside
Drama virtually disappeared after the collapse of ______ and began to revive, ironically, through the ___________: A chanted ________ embellishment of the dialogue, the most famous of which is the _________ ___________
Rome, Trope, Liturgical, Quem Queritis
A synonym for the "Stage House" in Roman theatre is known as _________, and it was elaborate, formal background with 2-5 doorways
Scaena
This Roman dramatist influenced Renaissance authors (especially Shakespeare) through the contribution of the 5-act form, soliloquies, bloody revenge themes, and elements of the supernatural
Seneca
This closet dramatist influenced Shakespeare
Seneca
What did Queen Elizabeth do that affected drama?
She banned all religious dramas
Wants to marry Olivia, thanks to Toby
Sir Andrew
Olivia's uncle, a partier
Sir TOby
Sir Andrew
Sir Toby's friend who attempts to court Olivia
The structure at the back of the stage, specifically in the Roman Greece era, it was a large and complex stone building with several levels is known as ___________?
Skene
Since Neoclassicism had to be plausible, there were no ___________ or Chorus, and a ___________ had to take place of the audience
Soliloquies, Friend
A domestic style of comedy called Atellan farce contributed what important aspect to Roman comic drama?
Stock Characters
Cycle dramas were groups of mystery plays put together as a town's yearly tribute to the church and as an expression of civic pride. Mystery plays were
Stories from the bible
Where did Shakespeare grow up?
Stratford
The second group of characters who deserts Everyman in the second half of the play
Strength, Discretion, Beauty
"Hang up my hairshirt"
Tartuffe
First permanent proscenium arch
Tetro Farnese, Parma
When a character is set up for an extreme, what can be assumed?
That they will fall
Seated about 2,000 to 3,000 people
The Globe Theater
This architectural feature enabled the Roman theatre to be freestanding not build into a hillside like the Greek theatre
The Proscenium Arch
This architectural feature helped to establish a single perspective on the play's action by framing the playing space
The Proscenium Arch
climax (Tartuffe)
The arrival of Valère with the news that Tartuffe is closing in thickens the plot and brings everything to a climax
What does ars moriendi mean?
The art of holy dying
What ended the Roman drama "era"?
The rise of the church
What were vice figures?
They demonstrated the distractions posed by earthly temptation
The proscenium arch
This architectural feature helped to establish a single perspective on the play's action by framing the playing space.
The Three Unities:
Time, Place, Action
These plays were mainly for nobility, exploring man's relationship to G-d and containing elevated language
Tragedy
When Moliére initially auditioned in front of the king he performed a ________, but the king did not like it
Tragedy
A foot consisting of one long or stressed syllable followed by one short or unstressed syllable is known as a __________
Trochee
Ironically, drama started to come back after the middle ages in the church, through a dramatized part of the religious service (which used embellished or expanded parts of the mass liturgy called _________.
Tropes
"Moliére" was not the playwright's real name. Jean Baptiste Poquelin changed it when he went into the theatre so as not to embarrass his family (True or False)?
True
Moliére delayed the entrance of Tartuffe until Act 3 so that his hypocrisy could be well-established before he appears (True or False)?
True
Moliére was sent to Illustra (Debtors) Prison and his father bailed him out (True or False)?
True
TRUE OR FALSE? Moliere delayed the entrance of TARTUFFE until Act 3 so that his hypocrisy could be well-established before he appears.
True
The goal of Neoclassicism is to teach and to please; it was meant to be morally uplifting and was meant to make human society better (True or False)
True
Sebastian
Violas twin brother who was also washed up from a ship wreck and lives with Antonio
It increased focus on classical and secular texts, theatre no longer was a community sponsored event, it encouraged the rise of the professional acting troupe, theatre now had to survive on its commercial and artistic merits
What significance did the ban on religious drama have on the theatre?
What is the moral crisis in Everyman?
When Death calls the sinner to account
1564-1616
When did William Shakespeare live?
When does art/theatre happen?
When we have the time and resources for it
What question does Everyman ask?
Will you be ready for death?
When Moliere satirized Parisian society in TARTUFFE, what about the prevailing production practice made that easier?
Women were allowed to perform on the stage, audiences members sometimes were seated on the stage next to the actors, the candles and chandeliers remained lit during the performance illuminating the audience as well as the actors, the play's characters would be dressed in similar fashions as the audience watching them
Does Everyman focus more on words or action?
Words
Were audience members ever allowed to be seated on the stage during Moliére's plays?
Yes
Were women allowed on the stage in Moliére's plays? How about Shakespeare's?
Yes, No
Everyman served what other purpose for the church?
a commercial purpose
Olivia is the daughter of....
a count who died
trochee
a foot with two syllables -first stressed second unstressed
orchestra in the Roman Theatre
a halved section where rich people sat
What type of drama is Everyman?
a morality drama, it is also allegorical
Olivia
a noble woman who is grieving and loves Cesario
Orsino
a nobleman who loves Olivia
Horace
a poet who wrote Ars Poetica (the art of poetry) -decided the idea that poetry is supposed to be moral and teach
Constantly experimenting with form and boundaries, Shakespeare wrote THE TEMPEST to be neither a tragedy or a comedy, but having elements of both. This new genre has since been called:
a romance
skaena
a stage house with an elaborate background
What is allegory?
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
In TARTUFFE, Moliere uses what piece of stage furniture to enable Elmire, the wife, to prove (finally!) Tartuffe's corrupt nature to Orgon, her husband?
a table
Orgon
a wealthy man who is under the influence of Tartuffe
During the Protestant Reformation
all plays were outlawed
Roman Theatre
all temporary inside a building raised stage only masked men actors
Shakespeare directs by...
allowing actors and audience to learn about the characters from language
What is a "feminine ending"?
an "extra" syllable in the last foot
feminine ending
an extra syllable at the end of a line
Ludi Romani
annual Roman theatre honoring Jupiter
neoclassicism
attempted to establish a code of theatrical rules that emulate classical roman theatre
Everyman wishes he had never...
been born
mystery plays
bible plays
Years of Terence
c. 190-159 BCE
Years of Plautus
c. 245-184 BCE
Years of Seneca
c. 5 BCE- 65 AD
"voice of reason" in tartuffe
cleante
atellan farce
comedy sketches by professionals with improvised plots and stock characters
plautus and terence
comedy writers who eliminated the chorus and added more music used comic devices
With no civic support, theatre must now be...
commercial
"god from the machine" to resolve the plot
deus ex machina
Where was Illyria supposedly?
east coast of the Adriatic
Everyman had simple or elaborate costumes?
elaborate
Tropes
elaboration or embellishment of the Christian liturgy
proscenium arch
established a single perspective by framing the playing space
What does "the wind and the rain" supposedly mean?
everyday is like one another; it will rain everyday so make of what you will in life
to be or not to be, that is the question
example of feminine ending
If music be the food of love play on
example of iambic pentameter
feed on her damask cheek, she pined in thought
example of trochee
Kindred
family; wouldn't go because he had a cramp in his toe
Feast of Corpus Christi
festival that included plays about stories from the bible *specific guilds produced specific plays
FIrst Folio
first complete compilation of Shakespeares plays, put together by some of his actors 7 years after he died
Trochee
foot with 2 syllables, the first stressed and the second unstressed
What is trochee?
foot with two syllables, the first stressed and the second unstressed
Why is Sir Toby using Sir Andrew?
for his money
Fellowship
friend; would rather party or kill someone
who is the only character that accompanies everyman to his grave?
good deeds
Good Deeds
good works; will go but is too weak; everyman must seek knowledge
why is Olivia mourning?
her brother died
Iambic pentameter is the same rhythm as?
human heartbeat
Tartuffe is driven by his...
human nature
What makes Lattzi what it is?
hyperbole and rhythm
what does Tartuffe mean?
hypocrite
Moliere satirizes the --------- not --------.
hypocrites, not true piety (church)
where does 12th night take place?
illyrian
What was a proscenium arch?
it helped to establish a single perspective on the drama's locale by framing the playing space
Neoclassical ideals: comedy was always with
lower classes
Olivia doesn't want to...
marry above her
The time of Shakespeare brought about...
modern English
Everyman was a ______________ play that got people re-interested in drama/theatre
morality
A theme of (Tartuffe)
nature can't be thwarted
The only character who accompanies Everyman to his grave is: A.Fellowship B. Kindred C. Goods D. Knowledge
none of these
What does Moliere accuse Daphne of?
of being an old prude who just criticizes people because she is no longer being pursued
M Loyal
officer
In the year 1200 plays were move...
outside
What was the standing room called?
partare
What were some of the things needed to be completed before Everyman can enter his grave?
penance, confession, contrition
morality plays
personified abstract qualities that present a lesson about good character
What is Chiasma?
play on words
tropes
plays about christian lithurgy
We associate Shakespeare with...
poetry, sonnets, iambic pentameter
The lower class speaks in...
prose
Viola
protagonist sister of Sebastian who was washed up from a ship wreck and disguised as a man named Cesario
iambic pentameter
provides rhythm that echoes the heart -10 syllable lines first unstressed second stressed
What does renaissance mean?
rebirth
renaissance
rebirth to classical from medieval -celebrates human achievement
Tartuffe is all in...
rhyme
Neoclassical ideals: tragedy was always with
royalty and nobility
What emotion do all of Feste's songs convey?
sadness
Roman stage house
scaena
Five-wits
senses; abandoned everyman at his grave
who wrote twelfth night
shakespeare
What three aspects does Everyman focus on?
sin, repentance, and death
What was Lazzi?
stock comedic routines that are traditionally associated with Commedia dell'arte
Goods
stuff; kills man after man, taking all their worth
What does "what you will" mean?
talks about sex and the possibility to create for yourself the life you want
Knowledge
tells everyman what to do to prepare to go to heaven
Was used as indoor performance space
tennis courts
Feste
the clown for Olivia and Orsino
tetro fernese
the first permanent proscenium arch
Malvolio
the head servant of Olivia who is self righteous and believes Olivia is in love with him
where is the setting for Tartuffe?
the house of Orgon
tetro olimpica
the oldest indoor theatre in Italy
Tartuffe
the religious hypocrite who wants Elmire
They had to rely upon whom to support dramas?
the rich
why does Orgon say he's postponed the wedding?
to be guided by heavens will
What is the goal of Neoclassicism?
to teach and to please
TRUE OR FALSE? The Roman theatre was different from the Greek theatre. One difference was that it was freestanding, not built into a hillside, made possible through the structural use of the Roman arch.
true
turmoil in writing reflects
turmoil in character
Perspective painting
using a vanishing point perspective that seems to transfer a 3D image and allude depth *Used as backdrops in European theatre
perspective painting
vanishing points, 2 dimensional
what did the letter ask Malvolio to do?
wear yellow stockings, wear the straps of his stockings crossed around his knee, be sharp tempered/rude, smile all the time
Shakespeare invented...
words
Seneca
wrote closet tragedies that were violent, had 5 acts, focused on inner motivation (soliloquies and asides)