drug ch17
Groups of parents and other citizens who are concerned about drug abuse have difficulty understanding values clarification approaches to drug education because these approaches Blank______.
do not take a direct antidrug approach
(DARE) is the most popular prevention program in American schools, and it had fairly modest beginnings in 1983 as a joint project of the Los Angeles police department and school district.
drug abuse resistance education
The federal government stopped supporting the production of drug-abuse educational materials for a while in 1973 partly because of concerns that Blank______.
drug education may have contributed to increased drug use
Peer participation programs almost never focus on Blank______ in any significant way since the idea is to help people become participating members of society.
drug use
In 1986, the federal government launched a massive program to support Blank______ schools and communities.
drug-free
Match the types of programs that inform people about substance use with their goals.
education programs The goal of these programs is to teach people about drugs—their effects, how they are used, and how they relate to society. propaganda programs The goal of these programs is to present negative information about habit-forming substances to prevent their use.
Match the types of programs that inform people about substance use with their measures of success.
education programs They measure their success by how much a person knows about habit-forming substances. propaganda programs They measure their success by how many people are convinced never to use any habit-forming substances.
In the context of the approaches taken by drug-abuse prevention programs that have worked with parents and families, the Blank______ places parents in the roles of teacher of drug facts and coordinator of household action, thus strengthening their knowledge and skills.
family interaction approach
Identify the key elements of smoking prevention programs based on the social influence model.
making public commitments countering cigarette advertising training refusal skills
What is a danger of implementing primary drug-abuse prevention programs?
Children learn about drugs they might have never heard of otherwise.
What are the major reasons for organizing prevention programs at the community level?
Coordinated approaches have greater impacts than isolated programs that occur only in schools. Drug-abuse prevention and drug education are controversial and emotional topics in which parents wish to be involved.
Which of the following is a drug education program that is delivered by trained police officers and has components of the social influence model as well as affective education components and a component on consequences of drug abuse?
DARE
Which of the following programs has spread in schools partly based on the fact that it demonstrates and encourages cooperation between the police and schools, as well as encourages parental involvement?
DARE
In the context of a five-year study in 15 communities in the United States, which of the following statements are true of the alcohol-abuse prevention program Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol?
It decreased alcohol sales to minors. It decreased the number of friends providing alcohol to minors. It decreased self-reported drinking in the targeted age group.
What are the features of the book What Works: Schools without Drugs produced by the Department of Education as part of the drug-prevention program launched by the federal government in 1986?
It emphasized school policies on drug and alcohol use. It did not recommend a specific curriculum. It suggested policies regarding locker searches, suspension, and expulsion of students.
______ approaches to drug education start with the assumption that the opinions of an adolescent's peers are significant influences on the adolescent's behavior.
Peer influence
______ programs often focus on groups of youth in high-risk areas and help them participate in making important decisions and in doing significant work, either as peers with cooperating adults or in programs managed almost entirely by the youth themselves.
Peer participation
Match the drug-abuse prevention programs with their documented impacts.
Project ALERT This program made cigarette experimenters more likely to quit or maintain low rates of smoking, temporarily reduced alcohol use, and consistently reduced initiation as well as levels of marijuana smoking. Life Skills Training This program was shown to have long-term positive effects, such as significantly lower use of marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco after six years.
Match the drug-abuse prevention programs with their descriptions.
Project ALERT This was first tested in 30 junior high schools and involved classifying each student as a nonuser, an experimenter, or a user of marijuana, alcohol, or cigarettes. Life Skills Training This three-year program based on the social influence model taught resistance skills, normative education, media influences, self-management skills, and general social skills.
______ drug-abuse prevention programs are designed for people who have tried the drug in question or a variety of other substances but have not suffered seriously from their drug experiences and are not obvious candidates for treatment.
Secondary
Which of the following is true of affective drug education programs that worked under the assumption that students might take drugs for the altered states of consciousness that a drug might produce?
Students are taught so-called natural highs that can be produced through relaxation exercises, meditation, vigorous exercise, or an exciting sport.
Which of the following statements is true of the extracurricular peer approaches to drug-abuse prevention in schools?
The data on whether these approaches alter drug use significantly are not available or are inconclusive for the most part.
A 1973 report indicated that four different types of drug education programs in the United States were equally ineffective in Blank______.
altering drug-related attitudes or behavior
An aspect of affective drug education programs involves the teaching of Blank______.
alternatives to drug use
Primary drug-abuse prevention programs might be expected to be especially effective because they Blank______.
are presented to people with little personal experience with drugs
Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol is an alcohol-abuse prevention program that works for Blank______.
change in ordinances in the community and alcohol policies of communities, educational institutions, and civic organizations
Who are the targets of the Strengthening Families drug-abuse prevention program?
children of parents who are substance abusers
The antidrug programs of the 1960s in the United States were based on an assumed model that increasing students' knowledge of drugs would change their attitudes toward drug use and reflect in Blank______.
decreased drug-using behavior
For American schools to be eligible for federal Drug-Free Schools funding, they must certify that their program teaches that Blank______, which is opposed to the idea of a value-free school.
illicit drug use is wrong and harmful
Affective drug education approaches involve teaching students how to communicate with others and giving them success experiences so that they do not take up substance use Blank______.
in response to personal or social failure
Match the approaches taken by drug-abuse prevention programs that have worked with parents with their descriptions.
informational programs These programs provide parents with basic knowledge about alcohol and drugs and about their use and effects. parenting skills These programs include practical trainings on how to communicate with children, how to improve decision-making skills, how to set goals and limits, and when and how to say no to children. parent support groups These programs encourage parents to meet regularly to discuss problem-solving, parenting skills, their perceptions of the problem, actions to be taken, and so on.
During the 1970s in the United States, one of the new goals that the federal government considered for drug education, while it was determining what kinds of approaches would be effective, was to teach students to Blank______.
make rational decisions about drugs
Which of the following are the key elements of the smoking prevention programs based on the social influence model in the United States?
normative education use of teen leaders
The most important finding of research conducted on the effect of drug-abuse prevention on smoking behavior is that it is possible to design smoking prevention programs that are effective in reducing the Blank______.
number of adolescents who begin smoking
Which approaches to drug education use an adult group coordinator either to facilitate an open discussion among a group of children or adolescents on topics like the dangers of drugs and alternatives to drugs or to build positive group cohesiveness?
peer influence approaches
Identify the factors that make the benefits of extracurricular peer approaches to drug-abuse prevention in schools measurable.
positive attitudes toward peers acquired skills improved academic success higher self-esteem
As a part of its efforts to reduce the demand for drugs, the federal government has encouraged private employers, especially those who do business with the government, to adopt policies to Blank______.
prevent drug use by their employees
In 1994, large-scale studies of the effects of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) programs found that the programs Blank______.
produced marginal effects on drug use
The most consistent feature of workplace drug-abuse prevention programs is Blank______.
random urine screens
In response to concerns in the mid-1980s that affective education approaches placed too little emphasis on skills needed to resist the interpersonal pressures to begin using drugs, the next efforts at preventing drug use focused on teaching students to Blank______.
recognize and respond to peer pressure to use drugs
Evaluations of the Strengthening Families program indicate that it Blank______.
reduces tobacco and alcohol use in children as well as reduces substance abuse and other problems in the parents
The approach to drug education that teaches refusal skills and pressure resistance to students has been demonstrated to be successful in Blank______.
reducing cigarette smoking in adolescent populations
In the 1970s in the United States, one of the goals considered for drug-use prevention programs was teaching students to make rational decisions about drug use with the goal of Blank______.
reducing the overall harm produced by misuse and abuse
In the 1960s in the United States, the primary method used by traditional antidrug programs was to Blank______.
scare children with stories and information about drugs
Programs aimed at encouraging responsible use of alcohol among college students are good examples of Blank______ prevention programs.
secondary
Virtually all the various approaches to drug-abuse prevention have been tried with Blank______, including the psychological inoculation approach based on the social influence model.
smoking behavior
Once a person has been treated for substance abuse or has stopped substance abuse without assistance, Blank______ prevention programs are implemented.
tertiary
Relapse prevention and follow-up programs fall under Blank______ drug-abuse prevention programs.
tertiary
The values clarification approach to drug education assumes that what is lacking in drug-using adolescents is not factual information about drugs but, rather, Blank______.
the ability to make appropriate decisions based on that information
What are the goals of secondary drug-abuse prevention programs?
the prevention of the use of potentially dangerous substances by people who have tried drugs the prevention of the development of dangerous forms of use of a substance the clientele are already experimenting with
The repeated failures to demonstrate a significant impact of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program on drug use remain a dilemma because Blank______.
the program is so popular that communities have not abandoned it
Match the types of drug-abuse prevention strategies proposed by the Institute of Medicine with their target audiences.
universal prevention strategies They are designed for delivery to an entire population. selective prevention strategies They are designed for groups within a general population that are deemed to be at high risk. indicated prevention strategies They are designed for individuals who show signs of developing problems.
The Institute of Medicine has categorized prevention efforts according to the intended target audience as Blank______ strategies.
universal prevention, selective prevention, and indicated prevention
The approach to drug education propagating drug-free schools makes it clear to students that their society, community, and school have decided not to condone drug use or underage alcohol use, which is opposed to the Blank______ approach.
values clarification
Affective drug education programs expect students to develop a sense of social and personal competence Blank______.
without using drugs
Who are the main targets of primary drug-abuse prevention programs?
young people who have not yet tried habit-forming substances young people who have tried tobacco or alcohol a few times