DSM - Chapter 28

A woman seeking to become pregnant could do which of the following to determine when she might be ovulating?

-Record her basal body temperature -Count the number of days that have passed since the onset of her last menses -Look for a thinning in the cervical mucus

Seminiferous tubules and newly produced sperm are separated from the general circulation and the immune system by all of the following except _____

Blood-brain barrier

When sperm become motile and fully functional, they have undergone ___

Capacitation

What is the lowest, or most distal, part of the uterus?

Cervix

What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction?

Coordinating reproductive events

What is formed from the remaining follicle cells that are not ovulated with the secondary oocyte?

Corpus luteum

Which muscle is part of the spermatic cord?

Cremaster muscle

Which of the following structures are not found in the spermatic cord?

Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle

In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at ______

Day 14

What does not occur in the female reproductive system as a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Decreased secretions from the vestibular glands

For normal human reproduction to occur, which of the following organ systems would not necessarily have to function normally?

Digestive system

The body of the spermatic cord is a structure that includes which of the following?

Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Which of the following statements about the vagina is not true?

During pregnancy, the vagina produces progesterone.

What is the benefit of increased vestibular gland secretion in the female?

Easier insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse

Powerful, rhythmic contractions in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles of the pelvic floor produce what result?

Ejaculation

The process of pushing fluid and sperm into the prostatic urethra is called ___

Emission

What event during sexual intercourse happens in the male but does not happen in the female?

Emission and ejaculation

Which of the following do(es) NOT contribute to semen production?

Endometrial glands

Which of the following is not a correct way in which the reproductive system hormones interact with other body systems?

Estrogen stimulates the lengthening of long bones of females at puberty.

Which hormone causes the development of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles?

FSH

Which of the following is not a peripheral effect of testosterone?

Facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

The dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to be the cause of the onset of menopause and its symptoms. What is the approximate number of primordial follicles in the ovary of a woman of age 50?

Few to no primordial follicles

Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.

Which part of the uterus is lost during menses?

Functional zone

Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects?

Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis in females.

What is the term for the organs that produce gametes and hormones?

Gonads

Which of the following terms is not specifically used to describe egg and sperm?

Gonads

Which of the following is true regarding meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate during meiosis II.

Which correctly describes mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells.

Which of the following is the muscular layer of the uterus?

Myometrium

What would happen if a male were unable to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?

No ejaculation

Which of the following is not consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Occurs as estrogen levels drop

During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?

One

What is a possible problem in the female body as a result of menopause?

Osteoporosis

What structure is the female gonad?

Ovary

Engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris and increased secretion of the greater vestibular glands involve neural activity from which of the following?

Parasympathetic nervous system

What division of the nervous system participates in the sexual arousal of both males and females?

Parasympathetic nervous system

What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum?

Penetration by a sperm

Which of the following male reproductive structures is responsible for conducting semen into the vagina of the female?

Penis

What is the combination of a primary oocyte and a single layer of follicle cells called?

Primordial follicle

What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

Progesterone

Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen?

Prostate gland

What is the function of the ducts of the reproductive systems?

Receiving and transporting gametes

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

Regulating the temperature of the testes

The fleshy pouch that suspends the testes outside of the body cavity is the _____

Scrotum

Which of the following are not correctly paired male-female homologous structures?

Scrotum; labia minora

The functions of the sustentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include all of the following except?

Secretion of testosterone

Which of the following is not found in seminal fluids?

Smegma

What is produced by spermiogenesis?

Sperm

For a sperm to be able to fertilize an egg, it must undergo capacitation, which does not involve what process?

Sperm mixing with secretions from the bulbourethral gland

Which cells in the seminiferous tubules regularly undergo mitosis?

Spermatogonia

Which of the following states the correct order in which are cells produced in spermatogenesis?

Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm

What is the term for the human male gamete?

Spermatozoon

The male gonad is the ________

Testis

Which of the following is not true of testosterone?

Testosterone is a protein

Which of the following does not occur during spermiogenesis?

The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm.

The rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation are caused by ______

a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration

All of the following are associated with infertility except ____________.

a surge of LH

If menarche does not appear by age 16, or if the normal uterine cycle of an adult woman is disrupted for six months or more, the condition is called_____

amenorrhea

The mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus is the ___

broad ligament

Transport of oocytes toward the utureus occurs in the uterine tubes by a combination of ____

ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions

Which female reproductive structure most resembles the penis in the male?

clitoris

When one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum by birth, it is called _______

cryptorchidism

The hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is ___

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Starting at the superior end, the uterus in the female is divided into ______

fundus, body, and cervix

The process of erection involves complex neural procedures that include __

increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

All of the following are associated with menopause except ___

low levels of LH

The process of oogenesis produces three nonfunctional polar bodies that eventually disintegrate, plus ___

one functional ovum

The female gonad is the ____

ovary

The principal hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is ____

progesterone

Men over the age of 50 are periodically screened for prostate cancer by measuring the blood for elevated levels of ________

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT _____

provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic

The external genitalia of the male include the ____

scrotum and the penis

The seminal vesicles _____

secrete a fructose-rich, mucoid substance

The accessory organs in the male that secrete into the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra are the _____

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands

Impotence, a common male sexual dysfunction, is __________.

the inability to achieve or maintain an erection

The dense layer of connective tissue that directly covers the testes is the ______

tunica albuginea

The three masses of erectile tissue that compose the body of the penis are ______

two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum

The reproductive structures in the perineal region are called ____

external genitalia

The enzymes needed to bore into the corona radiata reside in which portion of the sperm?

Acrosomal cap

Enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ________ of the sperm cell.

Acrosome

Decline of the testosterone levels in men between the ages of 50 and 60 results in _____

Andropause

Which of the following is the correct order for the events of the male sexual response?

Arousal erection emission ejaculation resolution detumescence

What hormone produced by the nurse cells depresses the formation of FSH and provides a negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis?

Inhibin

Which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH?

Inhibin

Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens?

Interstitial cells

Which of the following is not true of the epididymis?

It connects the ductus deferens with the seminal vesicle.

What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?

It is reduced by half.

What is the hormone that directly stimulates testosterone production?

LH

Which statement about oogenesis mentions the one characteristic that is the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.

In females between the ages of 45 and 55, ovulation and menstruation cease in a phase of life called ___

Menopause

What are the three sequential stages of the uterine cycle?

Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

Which of the following statements about the uterine tubes is not true?

They are passageways for the elimination of menstrual fluids.

Which of the following statements about the bulbourethral glands is incorrect?

They contribute approximately 25 percent of the semen volume.

Which of the following is accurate regarding the events of fertilization?

Two haploid gametes combine to make the diploid zygote.

What female reproductive structure receives the ovum from the ovary during ovulation?

Uterine tube

The movement of blood out of the erectile tissue results in __

detumescence

The secretions of the seminal vesicles are discharged into the ________

ejaculatory duct

Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __

endometrium

The histological composition of the uterine wall consists of the ____

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium