Dual Biology Chapter 1 Review

What is the value of a placebo in an experimental design?

A placebo allows members of the control group to be treated exactly like the experimental group except for their exposure to the independent variable.

One hypothesis states that eating chicken noodle soup is an effective treatment for colds. Which of the following results does this hypothesis predict?

A- people who eat chicken noodle soup have shorter colds than people who do not eat chicken noodle soup

A story on your local news station reports that eating 1-ounce square of milk chocolate each fat reduced the risk of heat disease in rats, and that this is statistically significant. This means that ____________________.

B- The difference between chocolate and non-chocolate eating rats in heart disease rates was greater than expected by chance

A scientific hypothesis is _____________________.

B- a proposed explanation for an observation

A relationship between two factors, for instance, between outside temperature an the number of the people with active colds in a population, is known as a _____________________.

B- correlation

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

B- my cow eats grass and my neighbor's cow eats grass; therefore, all cows eat grass.

A primary source of scientific results is ___________________.

C- articles in peer-reviewed journals

An experiment in which neither the participants in the experiment nor the technicians collection the data know which individuals are in the experimental group and which ones are in the control group is known as ___________________.

C- double-blind

How is a scientific theory different from a scientific hypothesis?

D- it can explain a large number of observations

If I perform a hypothesis test in which I demonstrate that the prediction I made in question 5 is true, I have _____________.

D- supported the hypothesis and not falsified the hypothesis

What features of the story on milk chocolate and heart health described on question 11 should cause you to consider the results less convincing?

E- The study was sponsored by a chocolate manufacturer, 10 rats were part of the study, only difference between rats was that subjects of the experimental group received chocolate along with their regular diets, while subjects of the control group received no additional food, the reporter notes that other studies indicate milk chocolate does not have a beneficial effect on heart health.

Control subjects in an experiment ________________________.

E- should be similar in most ways to the experimental subjects, should not know what group they are in, have the same interactions as the experimental group, help eliminate alternative hypotheses that could explain experimental results.