E115 Final Exam

Black

#000000

Blue

#0000FF

Green

#00FF00

Red

#FF0000

Purple

#FF00FF

White

#FFFFFF

ID Selector

#mydata { background-color: #00FF00; }

Class Selector

.boldtext { font-weight: bold; }

Student ID Numbers

1 Component • Comprised solely of numbers • Usually a 9 or 10 digit number with 2 or 3 preceding zeros • Incoming and transfer students have a 2 at the beginning

Passwords Requirements

1. be at least 8 characters 2. be no more than 100 characters 3. not contain ' (apostrophe) 4. not contain your Unity username 5. not contain your Unity username backwards

Password Recommendations

1. have at least one special character (not a number or letter) 2. contain at least one capital letter 3. contain at least one lowercase letter

Unity ID Components

3 Components • First initial of first name • First initial of middle name • First 6 letter of last name

Passwords Requirements

6. contain at least one number 7. contain at least one letter 8. not contain a word, longer than 3 letters, found in the dictionary 9. not have 5 consecutive digits 10. be more than a simple case change of your old password

Tags with Attributes

<a href="http://google.com">Google Homepage</a> <img src="puppies.jpg" alt="Puppies playing." />

Self-Closing Tags

<br/>

The Horizontal Rule

<h2>Hello, world.</h2> <hr/> <p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Heading Tags

<h2>Hello, world.</h2> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> The h1 heading is the largest, the h6 heading is the smallest.

Adding a Border to an Image

<img src="images/ncsu.png" alt="NCSU Logo" style="border: 3px dashed #000000" />

Making a Paragraph use Bold Arial Font

<p style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"> This paragraph has bold text in the Arial font. </p>

The Anchor Tag: Email Link

<p> Click <a href="mailto:[email protected]">here</a> to email Joe Schmoe. </p>

The Anchor Tag: Image Link in a New Tab

<p> Click the image below to open the google homepage in a new tab.<br/> <a href="http://ncsu.edu" target="_blank"> <img src="images/ncsu.png" alt="NCSU Homepage" /> </a> </p>

Nested Tags

<p> Hello, <br/>World. </p> <p> Hello, <span>World</span>. </p>

The Line Break Tag

<p> Hello, world.<br/> This is a paragraph. </p>

Inserted (Underlined) and Deleted (Strikethrough) Text

<p> Inserted text appears <ins>underlined</ins>; however, deleted text has a <del>line through it</del>. </p>

The Image Tag: Absolute URL

<p> This is a paragraph. There is an image below this text.<br/> <img src="http://brand.ncsu.edu/img/2x1-brick.png" alt="NCSU Logo" /> </p>

The Image Tag: Relative URL

<p> This is a paragraph. There is an image below this text.<br/> <img src="images/ncsu.png" alt="NCSU Logo" /> </p>

The Anchor Tag: Plain-text Link

<p> This is a paragraph. This paragraph contains a <a href="http://ncsu.edu">link</a>. </p>

Strongly Important (Bold) and Emphasized (Italic) Text

<p> This text is <strong>very important</strong>, while this is <em>emphasized</em>. </p>

Subscript and Superscript

<p> When converting between decimal and binary, it is helpful to know that 2¹⁰ = 1024. The number 26₁₀ (base 10) is equal to 00011010₂ (base 2). </p>

Paired Tags

<p>Hello, world.</p>

The Paragraph Tag

<p>Hello, world.</p> <p>This is a paragraph.</p>

AVERAGE Excel

=average(range)

COUNTIF Statement

=countif(range, condition) =countif(A1:A100, "=15")

IF Statement

=if(condition , "value if true", "value if false")

NESTIF Statement

=if(condition1 , "value if C1 is true", if(condition2, "value if C2 is true", "if nothing is true"))

SUM Excel

=sum(range)

SUMIF Statement

=sumif(range, condition, sum range) KNOW THE ORDER: (RANGE, CONDITION, SUM RANGE) =sumif(A1:A150, ">7", G1:G150)

Firewall

A firewall is a piece of hardware or software that works to prevent unauthorized communications from entering or exiting the network. The firewall will use a set of rules to determine whether or not a specific piece of communication is allowed to pass

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

A form of broadband internet, which operates over the same signals cell phones use.

Hub

A hub serves as a central node or device in a computer network, connecting multiple Ethernet segments, computers, and devices together and treating them as a single segment

Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO)

A type of "smart antenna" technology implemented in the 802.11n wireless standard.

Bluetooth

Allows for short ranged wireless networks to be established, and is used most often to establish networks between devices and a computer, or a similarly controlled device.

Parent nodes

Always is also a child • (except for root)

Command Line Interface (CLI)

CLI's were used by some of the earliest Operating Systems, such as UNIX and DOS These Operating Systems work primarily through a command line (text input) via a keyboard and generally do not display graphics or utilize the mouse

Child nodes

Can be also a parent • Can be also a leaf

Wired Connections: Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable is the second form of commonly used wired media

RAM

Every personal computer also has Random Access Memory (RAM). Unlike ROM, RAM loses content when the computer is powered off. RAM provides a storage location for data that the CPU can access and manipulate quickly. It also allows software and other data to run continuously without requiring access to more permanent storage

ROM

Every personal computer has Read-Only Memory (ROM), which will not lose its content when the computer is powered off. ROM chips are loaded with a Basic Input/output System (BIOS) that interfaces between the system hardware and software, and enables the computer to boot successfully

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

First commercially used by Xerox, then Apple, Microsoft was one of the last of the major OS to deploy the GUI A GUI presents the user with a full graphical display (images, buttons, scrollbars, etc.). These systems allow the use of a mouse or some other pointing device to click, select, drag, and manipulate objects

Kernel- file system

From an OS viewpoint, a file system is a piece of software that keeps track of data on a drive. Related data into collections known as files and directories. The VFS is similar to a driver API, in that it allows different file systems to "plug-in" to the kernel, and it tells the kernel how to access disks in a certain format

Leaf nodes

Has no children • Always is also a child

P2P Relationship

In this model, one machine can act as both client and server in relation to another machine

Kernel

Innermost part of an operating system Manages Device Driver API & System Call API Creates the File System

• Root node

Only one per tree • Has no parent • Always also a parent

ls

Options: • -a : all. shows all files, including hidden ones • -l : long. shows files in long format plus details

Switch

Switches are more advanced versions of hubs. Unlike the hubs, switches do not use a shared medium, keeping all of the connections separate. For example, if computers A, B, C, and D are connected to a switch, the switch will allow computers A and B to interact without sending unrequested data to C and D

Percentages

Syntax -- 12%

Ems

Syntax -- 12em

Pixels

Syntax -- 12px

Wi-Fi

The 802.11 standard specifies an over-the-air interface between a wireless client and a base station, or between two wireless clients

Absolute Pathnames

The E 115 Course Locker /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/courses/e/e115 Your Home Directory /afs/unity.ncsu.edu/users/*/unityid

Wired Connections: Fiber Optic Connections

The fastest option for wired and wireless connections

Kernel-interfaces

The hardware abstraction provides an interface to the hardware and eliminates complexity by hiding the specific hardware details. The abstraction that the kernel provides for application developers is called the system call API

Wired Connections: Twisted Pair Cable

The most popular form of traditional copper-wired cables is the twisted pair cable, which can also be called a CAT# cable

Cell Phones

Use the same protocols as computers when accessing a network, but the physical network they connect to is different.

pwd

Used for determining the user's current location in the file tree output: the absolute pathname of the user's current directory

Client/Server Relationship

When connecting to NC State's network, your computer making the connection is the client and the AFS file system acts as the server. Client interacts with server

Device Driver

allows an external piece of hardware to communicate with the computer (e.g., printer, camera, mp3 player, etc.)

attach a file

attach /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/courses/e/e115 New shorter pathname: /ncsu/e115

cd

cd /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/courses/e/e115/common/EosLabs NO OUTPUT

Chaining

cd ~/ ; pwd ; ls

cp

cp location/file.ext newlocation Keeps original NO OUTPUT

Basic Unix Syntax

eos$ ls -al ~/

Where backups are

eos$ quota

Gain access to backups

fs mkm BACKUP users.jshmoe.backup

un-mount the BACKUP

fs rmm BACKUP

Setting ACL rights

fs sa ~/ unityid rl

Text-based User Interface/Text Line Interface (TUI/TLI)

his interface was developed to run DOS programs TUI/TLI displays using text only (usually with different colors) but allows for mouse input rather than relying on a command language

mkdir

mkdir location/directory mkdir MyE115 Used to create a new directory NO OUTPUT

To read a text file

more or less NOT PICO

mv

mv location/file.ext newlocation/newName.ext Deletes original NO OUTPUT

Name Selector

p { color: #0000FF; }

rm

rm location/file.ext Options: • -r : recursive. used for folders and its contents • -f : forced. deletes without asking permission

"Create a log file", think: script

script -f logfilename

man

to exit press q man commandname output: contents of manual page

unzipping a file

unzip zipfile unzip -d pathname zipfile

zipping a file

zip zipfile.zip file1.ext file2.ext zipping a folder -r

Relative Pathnames

~/ Home Directory ../ Parent Directory ./ Current Working Directory

Unity ID Exceptions

• Common last names • No Middle names • Short last names

Absolute Pathnames

• Exact location of a file, basically an address • ALWAYS starts at the root /afs/unity.ncsu.edu/users/j/jshmoe