EAPS 105: Homework 2

2.17. In Wikipedia, look up "Jupiter", read the intro and then scroll down to "Formation and migration", and answer this question: How long did it take for Jupiter to form (reach its final mass) once it started accreting? A) <10 million years B) ~100 million years C) ~250 million years D) >500 million years

A) <10 million years

2.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Planet" and answer this question: Which of the following is part of the definition of a planet? A) An astronomical body orbiting a star that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. B) A small Solar System body - such as asteroids and comets - which are left over from the formation process. C) A large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disc and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. D) A round grain formed as a molten droplet in space before being accreted to their parent asteroid.

A) An astronomical body orbiting a star that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity.

2.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Volatile organic compound" and answer this question: Which of the following is a characteristic of a volatile compound? A) It has a low boiling point (low temperature). B) It has a high boiling point (high temperature).

A) It has a low boiling point (low temperature).

2.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Meteorite", read the intro and then scroll down to "Classification", and answer this question: Which is the most prevalent type of meteorite found? A) Stony meteorites B) Iron meteorites C) Stony-iron meteorites D) Achondrites

A) Stony meteorites

2.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Planetary differentiation" and answer this question: What is planetary differentiation? A) The process of separating out the different components within a planetary body as a consequence of their physical or chemical behavior (e.g., density). B) Various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process. C) The process by which asteroid orbits sort themselves by size. D) The process by which terrestrail planets form closer to the Sun and gas giants form farther away.

A) The process of separating out the different components within a planetary body as a consequence of their physical or chemical behavior (e.g., density).

2.6. In Wikipedia, look up "Achondrite" and answer this question: What is an achondrite meteorite? A) An asteroid that contains an abundance of carbon. B) A meteorite that does not contain chondrules and has been differentiated due to melting within its parent body. C) A stony meteorite that has not been modified by either melting or differentiation of the parent body. D) An asteroid that orbits outside the asteroid belt.

B) A meteorite that does not contain chondrules and has been differentiated due to melting within its parent body.

2.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Spheroid" and answer this question: Due to the combined effects of gravity and rotation, the shape of all planets is not quite a sphere, but instead is slightly flattened in the direction of its axis of rotation. This is called an oblate spheroid. Which object is the closest in shape to that of an oblate spheroid? A) A football B) A plain m&m (the candy) C) A pear

B) A plain m&m (the candy)

2.9. In Wikipedia, look up "Planetesimal", read the intro and then scroll down to "Definition of planetesimal", and answer this question: What do scientists use the term planetesimal as a general term for? A) An astronomical body orbiting a star that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. B) A small Solar System body - such as asteroids and comets - which are left over from the formation process. C) A large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disc and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. D) A round grain formed as a molten droplet in space before being accreted to their parent asteroid.

B) A small Solar System body - such as asteroids and comets - which are left over from the formation process.

2.13. In Wikipedia, look up "Iron meteorite" and answer this question: From where do iron meteorites originate? A) From meteorites where the outer stone layers were burned off while passing through the atmosphere. B) From cores of differentiated planetesimals. C) From asteroids that formed as pure iron asteroids because of their proximity to the Sun. D) From fragments of meteorites that contained both rock and iron that broke up upon hitting the ground.

B) From cores of differentiated planetesimals.

2.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Refractory metals", read the intro and then scroll down to "Definition", and answer this question: Which of the following is a characteristic of a refractory compound? A) It has a low melting point (melts at a low temperature). B) It has a high melting point (melts at a high temperature).

B) It has a high melting point (melts at a high temperature).

2.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Protoplanet" and answer this question: What is a protoplanet? A) An astronomical body orbiting a star that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. B) A small Solar System body - such as asteroids and comets - which are left over from the formation process. C) A large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disc and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. D) A round grain formed as a molten droplet in space before being accreted to their parent asteroid.

C) A large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disc and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior.

2.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Chondrite" and answer this question: What is a chondrite meteorite? A) An asteroid that contains an abundance of carbon. B) A meteorite that does not contain chondrules and has been differentiated due to melting within its parent body. C) A meteorite that has not been modified by either melting or differentiation of the parent body. D) An asteroid that orbits outside the asteroid belt.

C) A meteorite that has not been modified by either melting or differentiation of the parent body.

2.2. In Wikipedia, look up "Meteorite" and answer this question: Which of the following describes a meteorite? A) The visible passage of a glowing rocky body through Earth's atmosphere. B) A large (much greater than a meter) rocky or metallic body in outer space. C) A portion of a rocky or metallic body that survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground without being destroyed. D) A small (a meter or less) rocky or metallic body in outer space.

C) A portion of a rocky or metallic body that survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground without being destroyed.

2.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Valles Marineris" and answer this question: What is Valles Marineris on Mars? A) The highest volcano in the Solar System B) The deepest impact crater in the Solar System C) One of the largest canyons in the Solar System D) The tallest known cliff in the Solar System

C) One of the largest canyons in the Solar System

2.8. In Wikipedia, look up "Accretion" and answer this question: In astrophysics, what is accretion? A) The melting of clumps of cosmic dust. B) The breaking down of astronomical bodies through collisions. C) The accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter. D) The process of a star spitting out material to form planets.

C) The accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter.

2.16. In Wikipedia, look up "Frost line (astrophysics)" and answer this question: What is the frost line (also known as the ice or snow line)? A) It is the latitude on a planet in which permanent ice (like an ice cap) can persist year-round. B) It is the depth below a planet surface in which permafrost can persist year-round. C) The particular distance in the solar nebula from the star where it is cold enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide to condense into solid ice grains. D) The particular distance in the solar nebula from the star where it is hot enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide to boil and become a vapor.

C) The particular distance in the solar nebula from the star where it is cold enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide to condense into solid ice grains.

2.7. In Wikipedia, look up "Martian meteorite" and answer this question: What is a Martian meteorite? A) A meteorite observed on the surface of Mars by a rover. B) A meteorite that has a reddish color like the surface of Mars. C) An asteroid that orbits Mars. D) A rock that formed on Mars, was ejected from the planet by an impact event, and traversed interplanetary space before landing on Earth as a meteorite.

D) A rock that formed on Mars, was ejected from the planet by an impact event, and traversed interplanetary space before landing on Earth as a meteorite.

2.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Chondrule" and answer this question: What is a chondrule? A) An astronomical body orbiting a star that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. B) A small Solar System body - such as asteroids and comets - which are left over from the formation process. C) A large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disc and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. D) A round grain formed as a molten droplet in space before being accreted to their parent asteroid.

D) A round grain formed as a molten droplet in space before being accreted to their parent asteroid.

2.1. In Wikipedia, look up "Meteoroid" and answer this question: Which of the following describes a meteoroid? A) The visible passage of a glowing rocky body through Earth's atmosphere. B) A large (much greater than a meter) rocky or metallic body in outer space. C) A portion of a rocky or metallic body that survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground without being destroyed. D) A small (a meter or less) rocky or metallic body in outer space.

D) A small (a meter or less) rocky or metallic body in outer space.

2.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Verona Rupes" and answer this question: What is Verona Rupes on Uranus' icy moon Miranda? A) The highest volcano in the Solar System B) The deepest impact crater in the Solar System C) One of the largest canyons in the Solar System D) The tallest known cliff in the Solar System

D) The tallest known cliff in the Solar System