Earth & Space Science Earthquake study

A student states that a reverse fault is a type of strike-slip fault. what is wrong with this statement? A )Reverse faults are a type of dip-slip fault B) reverse faults are a type of thrust fault C) reverse faults are a type of compressional fault D) this statement is correct

A )Reverse faults are a type of dip-slip fault

the following map shows earths tectonic plates which point on the map is at the greatest risk of experiencing an earthquake? A) a B) b C)c D)d

A) a

what is the name of the fracture that separates two fault blocks? A) a fault plane B) a fissure C) a hanging wall D) a footwall

A) a fault plane

Although earthquakes occur most frequently along tectonic plate boundaries, where else can earthquakes occur? A) at fractures in earths crust B) at fractures in earths mantle C) in earths outer D) in earths inner core

A) at fractures in earths crust

which of the following statement correctly describes gravity and plate motion? A) both gravity and plate motion can put stress on rocks B) gravity is the driving force behind all plate motion C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) both gravity and plate motion can put stress on rocks

A student states that stress occurs only when rocks are stretched. How does the example of compression contradict this statement? A) compression is an inwardly direction stress in which rocks are pushed together B ) compression is a stress applied to rocks moving in opposite directions parallel to a surface C ) compression is a stress that occurs when two rocks that have been locked in place by friction are suddenly released D) compression is a stress that results from rocks being stretched, THerefore, it does not contradict the statement

A) compression is an inwardly direction stress in which rocks are pushed together

What occurs when rock along a fault moves suddenly and snaps back to its original shape ? A) elastic rebound B) deformation C) folding D) shear stress

A) elastic rebound

a normal fault is the results of what type of stress?A) extension B) Compression C)shearD) strain

A) extension

what is the name of the pressure that builds up over time along a fault? A)fault B) Strain C)earthquakes D) seismic waves

A) fault

which of the following is true ?A) faulting can be caused by stress in any direction; however the type of fault will vary with stress direction B) faulting can be caused by stress in any direction. the same type of fault will occur regardless of stress direction C) folding can be caused by stress in any direction however the type of fold will vary with stress direction, D) Folding can be caused by stress in any direction . the same type of fold will occur regardless of stress direction

A) faulting can be caused by stress in any direction; however the type of fault will vary with stress direction

A fault consists of two blocks separated by a fracture called a fault plane. What is the name of the fault block that is above the fault plane A) hanging wall B) footwall C) fault-block mountain D) folded mountain

A) hanging wall

where does tension typically occur A) normal faults B) reverse faults C) convergent boundaries D) transform boundaries

A) normal faults

elastic rebound occurs when A) rock that has been deformed along a fault moves suddenly and then snaps back to its original shape B) rocks that have been deformed along a fault are held in place by friction C ) stress that has accumulated along a fault is suddenly released D) one fault block moves up relative to another fault block

A) rock that has been deformed along a fault moves suddenly and then snaps back to its original shape

when enough stress is applied to a rock the rock can deformed in different ways depending on the direction of the stress applied. which term describes the phenomenon? A) strain B) shear C) compression D) tension

A) strain

a student states that stress occurs only when pressure squeezes rocks. how does the example of tension contradict this statement? A) tension is an outwardly direction in which rocks are stretched B) tension is a stressappiledd to rocks moving in opposite directions parallel to a surface C) tension is a stress that occurs when two rocks that have been locked in place by friction are suddenly released D) tension is a stress that results from rocks being pushed together. therefore, it does not contradict the statement

A) tension is an outwardly direction in which rocks are stretched

in a normal fault, ________ A) the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall B) the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall C) the faults blocks move horizontally in opposite directions D) the fault blocks move toward each other and collide

A) the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

What is the difference between stress and strain in earths crust? A)Stress is any force that results from gravity or plate motion. strain is deformed caused by stress B) starin is any force that results from gravity or plate motion. Stress is deformation caused by strain C) stress ans strain are both forces that result from gravity or plate motion. each can cause deformation but in different directions D) stress and strain are two different words that describe the same phenomenon

A)Stress is any force that results from gravity or plate motion. strain is deformed caused by stress

if the hanging wall of a fault moves up to relative to the foot wall, it could be which of the following types of faults? 1) normal 2) reverse fault 3) Thrust fault 4) strike-slip fault? A)both 1&2 B) 2&3 C) Both 3&4 D) 1,2,3, & 4

B) 2&3

what is the relationship between accumulated stress along a fault and earthquakes? A) Earthquakes cause stress to accumulate along a fault B) Earthquakes are caused when stress that has accumulated along a fault suddenly released C) earthquakes are a type of stress that accumulates along faults D) Earthquakes are completely unrelated to stress along a fault

B) Earthquakes are caused when stress that has accumulated along a fault suddenly released

most of the time,fault blocks are held in place by friction, What is most likely to happen as a result of this condition? A ) stress along the fault remains constant over time. B) Stress accumulates until the blocks are suddenly displaced, resulting in an earthquake C) stress accumulates until the blocks are suddenly displace, replaced resulting in fault-block mountains D) stress accumulates until blocks are suddenly displaced resulting in folded mountains

B) Stress accumulates until the blocks are suddenly displaced, resulting in an earthquake

what is the results when stress that has accumulated along a fault is suddenly released? A) a mountain B) an earthquake C) a ridge D) none of these occurs. the stress simply starts building again

B) an earthquake

a reverse fault is the result of what type of stress? A) extension B) compression C) shear D) strain

B) compression

A student states that earthquakes cannot occur at the center of a tectonic plates surface- earthquakes occur only at tectonics plates boundaries.what wrong with this statement? A) earthquakes can also be caused by movement along faults which can be located beneath tectonic plates in earths mantle B) earthquakes can also be caused by movement along faults,which can be located at the center of a tectonic plates surface C) earthquakes occur only by movement along faults which happens far from tectonics plate boundaries D) this statement is correct

B) earthquakes can also be caused by movement along faults,which can be located at the center of a tectonic plates surface

what is the type of strain that can be caused by compressional stress A) faulting B) folding C) tension D) all of the above

B) folding

what type of strain involves the significant bending of large pieces of earth's crust? A) daulting B) folding C) tension D) all of the above

B) folding

which of the following best describes how scientist are able to map out the locations of tectonic plate boundaries ? A) scientist use aerial photography to see tectonic plate boundaries B) scientist track where earthquakes have occurred most frequently throughout history C) scientist can use satellite imagery to see tectonic plate boundaries D) scientist are unable to map out the locations of tectonic plate boundaries

B) scientist track where earthquakes have occurred most frequently throughout history

In a strike-slip fault, A) the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall B) the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall at the angle of 30 degrees or less C) the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall at an angle of 45 degrees or more D) the fault blocks move horizontally in opposite directions

B) the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall at the angle of 30 degrees or less

in a reverse fault, A) the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall at an angle of 45 degrees or more B) the hanging wall moves up relative up to the footwall at an angle of 45 degrees or more C) the fault blocks move horizontally in opposite directions D) the fault blocks move toward each other and collide

B) the hanging wall moves up relative up to the footwall at an angle of 45 degrees or more

relate the occurrence of the earthquake of tectonic plate motion A) occasionally tectonic plates become locked together the locked plates begin to tremble causing an earthquake B) the sudden release of stress at tectonic plate boundaries causes earthquakes C) the energy released by earthquakes drives the motion of tectonic plates D) there is no relationship between earthquakes and tectonic plate motion

B) the sudden release of stress at tectonic plate boundaries causes earthquakes

a thrust fault is the result of what type of stress? A) extension B) compression C) shear D) Strain

B)compression

In the following image, what is the term for the rock moving up and to the left? A)hanging wall B) Footwall C) dip-slip D)strike-slip

B)footwall

which term describes deformation caused by the forces of gravity or plate motion A) stress B)strain C) compression D tension

B)strain

Which of the following is part of the elastic rebound theory A) a rock that experiences movement along a fault will snap instantly without bending B) A rock that has been deformed by movement along a fault can never return to its original shape C) A rock that has been deformed by movement along a fault can suddenly snap back to its original shape D) non of the above

C) A rock that has been deformed by movement along a fault can suddenly snap back to its original shape

A student states that a reverse fault is a type of thrust fault. what is wrong with this statement? A) A reverse fault is a type of strike-slip fault B) A reverse fault is a type of compressional fault C) A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault D) this statement is correct

C) A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault

what kind of strain results from shear stress?A the rocks are squeezed and become denser B) the rocks are stretched and elongated C) Adjacent layers in the rock become displaced along closely spaced planes D) shear stress does not cause strain

C) Adjacent layers in the rock become displaced along closely spaced planes

A student states that because the two blocks of a strike-slip fault slide smoothly past one another, stress does not build over time, As a result, the students concludes that earthquakes do not occur at strike-slip faults. whats wrong with this reasoning? A) fault blocks have rough edges that lock up as the fault blocks move past each other. they do not slide smoothly past each other B) Stress builds up over time as fault blocks move past each other. When this stress releases, an earthquake occurs C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B

C) Both A and B.

A student states that rocks are too brittle to bend. What is wrong with this statement A) rocks can bend due to stress. when stress is released, the rocks can snap back to their original shape B) rocks near the surface of the crust can be brittle and break, but deeper rocks are softer due to heat and pressure C) both A & B D) neither A &B

C) both A & B

A student states that stress occurs only when pressure squeezes rocks. How is this statement incorrect? A) shear stress is forced applied to rock in two opposing directions parallel to a surface such as a fault plane B) Tension is extensional stress that results from rock being stressed C) both A and B describe inaccuracies D) neither a nor B. the statement is correct

C) both A and B describe inaccuracies

A strike-slip fault is the result of what type of stress ? A) extension B) Compression C) shearD)strain

C) shear

which of the following methods will correctly identify a dip-slip faults hanging wall and footwall, once you have identified the location of the fault plane? A) the fault block moving up along the fault panes is the hanging wall. the fault block moving down is the footwall. B) the fault block moving up along the fault plane is the footwall. the fault block moving down is the hanging wall C) the fault block above the fault plane is the hanging wall. the fault block below the fault plane is the footwall D) the fault block above the the the fault plane is the footwall, the fault block below the fault plane is the hanging wall

C) the fault block above the fault plane is the hanging wall. the fault block below the fault plane is the footwall

which of the following images shows an example of shear stress ? D

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of a fault? A) normal B)reverse C) strike-slip D)transform

D) Transform

if large-scale folding occurs over a wide geographic region, such as the length of a convergent plate boundary, what will most likely form there? A) a reverse fault B) a strike-slip fault C) a fault-block mountain range D) a folded mountain range

D) a folded mountain range

A rubber band will become deformed when it is stretched, then when the strain becomes to great, the rubber band will break and snap back to its original shape. how is this similar to rock deformation? A) rocks can become stretched due to extensional stress. B) when rocks along a fault moves suddenly, stress is released C) a deformed rock can snap back to its original shape. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Where do earthquakes occur? A) at dip-slip faults B) at strike-slip faults C) along tectonic plate boundaries D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following is a type of stress? A) compression B) tension C) shear D) all of the above

D) all of the above

how are the different types of faults categorized A) bt the relative motion of their fault blocks B) bt the angle of their fault planes C) by the direction of fault block movement ( vertical or horizontal) D) all of the above

D) all of the above

where does compression typically occur? A) reverse faults B) thrust faults C) convergent boundaries D) all of the above

D) all of the above

the following statements compare and contrast strike-slip faults and transform plate boundaries. which of these statements is true? A) strike- Slip faults transform plate boundaries both results in shear strain B) strike -slip faults and transform plate boundaries both involve large pieces of earth´s crust moving horizontally past each other in opposite directions C) strike- slip faults and transform plate boundaries are different in that strike-slip faults involve two fault blocks whereas transform boundaries involve two tectonic plates D) all of these statement are true

D) all of these statement are true

how do scientist predict earthquakes? A) earthquakes happen at regular intervals, so scientist keep records and check the calendar B) Scientist use use a device called a seismograph to forecast earthquakes based on rumblings beneath earths surface C) scientist measure seismic waves before they turn into earthquakes D) scientist cannot predict earthquake.they can only determine where earthquakes are most likely to happen based on past experience

D) scientist cannot predict earthquake.they can only determine where earthquakes are most likely to happen based on past experience

what type of stress results from the rock being stretched? A)Strain B) Compression C) Shear Stress D) tension

D) tension

A student states that a normal fault is a type of dip-slip fault. What is wrong with this statement? A) normal faults are a type of strike slip fault B) normal faults are a type of thrust fault C) normal faults are a type of extensional fault D) this statement is correct

D) this statement is correct

Where does shear stress typically occur? A) normal faults B) reverse faults C) Convergent boundaries D) transform Boundaries

D) transform Boundaries

what type of faulting can result from shear stress? A) normal faults B) reverse faults C) Thrust faults D) strike-slip faults

D)strike-slip faults