Earth Science
What are the characteristics minerals must have
1.Naturally occurring 2. Must be solid 3. Orderly crystalline structure 4. Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic
An atom with an atomic number 8 has ______protons and ______ electrons
8
Which particles make up atoms?
Protons , Neutrons, and electrons
Particles in the neutron on an atom include
Protons and Neutrons
When atoms combine to form compounds they gain, lose, and share
Electrons
The periodic table organizes _______ and their properties
Elements
The properties of a mineral depend on the _____ that compose it and its _______
Elements; structure
When carbonate minerals come into contact with hydrochloric acid they
Fizz
Ex of Halides
Fluorite
A mineral cannot be
Formed from once living material
Most silicate minerals form
From cooking magma
Ex of Sulfate/Sulfides
Galena
Ex of Native Element
Gold
Which of the following is not a distinctive property of a mineral
Greasy feel Magnetism Double refraction Streak
Columns in periodic table are
Groups
Example of silicate
Gypsum
Moh's scale measures
Hardness
Which of the following is a property of a mineral? Age Order Hardness Size
Hardness
What process causes dissolved substances to be left to form minerals after water in lakes or ponds evaporate
Precipitation
Name ways pressure and temp can affect minerals
Pressure can cause some minerals to recrystallize. Temp can cause some minerals to become unstable, creating a new minerals
Isotopes are atoms of an element
With the same number of protons but different neutrons
Properties of minerals
1. Color 2. Streak 3. Luster 4. Crystal Form 5. Hardness 6. Cleavage 7. Fracture 8. Density
Four major processes that form minerals
1. Crystallization from cooking Magma 2. Precipitation 3. Changes in pressure and temperature 4. Formation from Hydrothermal solutions
Types of minerals
1. Silicates 2. carbonates 3. Oxides 4. Sulfides/fates 5. Halides 6. native elements
Which of these is a mineral? Oxygen Diamond Sulfuric acid Wood
Diamond
Chemical bonds are likely to form when
AN atoms outer energy level doesn't have mass number of elections
Example of carbonate
Calcite
An element is a substance that
Cannot be broken down into simpler parts
If a mineral breaks along flat even surfaces it has
Cleavage
Minerals are classified according to their
Composition
When elements are more stable in a combined form, what forms?
Compound
What bonds form when atoms share electrons
Covalent
When atoms share electrons a ____ bond forms
Covalent
What is the hardest mineral
Diamond
Which of the following is an element? Water Hydrogen Air Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Minerals can form from very hot mixtures of water and dissolved substances called
Hydrothermal solutions
An atom that has an electrical charge because of a gain or loss of one or more electrons
Ion
Form between positive and negative ions
Ionic bonds
Example of oxide
Iron oxide
Metallic glassy and pearly describe
Luster
What bonds form when electrons are shared by metal ions
Metallic
Crystallization from cooling magma describes how
Minerals form
Smallest particle of a covalent compound that shows properties of the compound
Molecule
To what class of minerals does gold, silver, and copper belong to
Native elements
The area of the atom that contains electrons has a what charge
Negative
Native elements
Only contain one element
Major groups of minerals include
Oxides and carbonates
Rows in periodic table are
Periods
The most common group of minerals is the
Silicates
Carbonates are
The second most common mineral group
Silicon and oxygen make up
The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (4 oxygen 1 silicon)
Compounds contain?
Two or more elements chemically combined