Earth Science CH. 3

How many cleavage plane/s for Mica (Muscovite)

1

Silicon-Oxygen tetrahedron, the basic building block of all silicate minerals, looks like a pyramid having ------ triangular faces (hint: number between 2 and 5)

4.0

How many facets for a typical engagement-ring diamond has?

57

Which of the following is NOT true about minerals?

All minerals are compounds of more than one element.

Crystals growing in a confined space will be --------- (hint: euhedral or anhedral)

Anhedral

Which one is organic and hence not a mineral

Coal

Crystals can be bounded by FLAT surfaces that intersect at sharp edges. These surfaces are called -------

Crystal faces

Crystals with flat faces

Euhedral

Give an example of a material which has all the properties of minerals except lacking a crystalline structure

Glass

Which among the following is NOT a mineral?

Ice Cube

Sugar (carbohydrate) and Coal enjoy many properties of a mineral. However, they are not minerals because they are -----

Organic

Mineral known for its conchoidal fracture

Quartz

Pick the hardest one from the list below: gypsum, fingernail, talc, quartz

Quartz

Dominant mineral found in the crust and mantle

Silicates

Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. They must also possess

a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions).

Cleavage in minerals refers to

a tendency to break along planes of weakness.

Synthetic Diamond is manufactured in large quantities to be used as ---------

abrasives

With regard to minerals, hardness refers to the ability to resist

being scratched.

Which of the following is NOT a way for minerals to crystallize?

bonding carbon to oxygen atoms to form organic compounds

Example of a mineral produced by biomineralization

calcite

Which mineral reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Carbon Dioxide ?

calcite

Which of the following is a mineral?

calcite

Calcite (CaCO3) is in which mineral class?

carbonates

Trace amounts of impurity in a mineral can commonly produce significant differences in __________ among individual crystals of this mineral.

color

Synthetically made glass and natural quartz crystals both exhibit a fracture pattern termed

conchoidal fracture.

The diamonds typically seen in engagement rings today do not display their natural crystal faces but rather __________, which are made by grinding the gem on a spinning lap.

facets

A __________ is a mineral-lined cavity in a rock.

geode

Cut crystal bowl is made of -----------------

glass

The __________ class of minerals includes a substance commonly known as table salt.

halides

Which of the following minerals is more commonly known as table salt?

halite

dominant Mineral that is accumulated along the coast of DEAD SEA

halite

Mineral Galena is known for its

high specific gravity

What type of rock forms by the solidification of a melt?

igneous

Diamonds are usually found in (Hint: Igneous rock in which diamonds are usually embedded with)

kimberlite.

Ore minerals, such as galena, tend to be different from typical minerals (such as quartz) in that they have a

large specific gravity.

Diamond is formed from the transformation of graphite under very high temperature and pressure and this process usually happens in the

mantle

What type of rock forms when preexisting rocks undergo changes in response to a modification of their environment, without first melting?

metamorphic rocks

Quartz mineral has a ------------------------- luster (metallic or nonmetallic)

nonmetallic

Which of the following minerals is a silicate?

olivine

For most minerals, the streak color obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is

only useful if the mineral is softer than porcelain.

Geologists refer to an exposure of bedrock on the surface as a(n)

outcrop.

Which layer of Earth does NOT contain silicate minerals?

outer core

The tetrahedral structure that forms the backbone of all silicate minerals is composed of silicon and what other element?

oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

petroleum

A facet is a __________ on a gem.

polished surface

When a solution becomes oversaturated, new solid particles are said to (Hint: process that leads to the formation of thick layers of salt along the banks of Dead Sea)

precipitate from the solution.

Minerals that grow around volcanic vents MOST likely form by

precipitation from a gas.

Which of the following forms either by the cementing together of grains broken off preexisting rocks or by the precipitation of mineral crystals out of water solutions at or near the Earth's surface?

sedimentary rocks

The mineral olivine is in the __________ mineral class.

silicate

The mantle is composed almost entirely of the mineral class

silicates.

The mineral class that makes up more than 95% of rocks in the continental crust is termed the

silicates.

Which of the following is a Mineral?

snowflakes (water in the solid state)

A mineral property defined by the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3) is

specific gravity.

Color of the powdered form of a mineral

streak

The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed

streak.

Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class?

sulfides

Bright yellow deposits of ------- crystals can be found around the vents of volcanoes. (Example for mineral precipitation from gas)

sulfur

Which of the following common minerals is softest?

talc

Some Minerals (example: garnet and Quartz) have no cleavage planes at all; why?

they have strong internal bonding in all 3 directions

Which among the following was used by native people for making Tools (before the industrial revolution)

volcanic glass