Earth Science: Earth Layers & Minerals
What are the three main components of the LITHOSPHERE?
1) Core 2) Mantle 3) Crust _____________________________________________________________
Identify the three main parts of the Earth
1) LITHOSPHERE 2) Hydrosphere 3) Atmosphere ___________________________________________________
What are two types of Earth's crust?
1) Oceanic crust 2) Continental Crust _______________________________________________________________
Name the five characteristics that a mineral possesses
1) Solid 2) Crystalline (repeating arrangement of atoms) 3) Naturally occurrring 4) Inorganic 5) Specific chemical composition ______________________________________________________________________
The Earth's top layer of rock is called the lithosphere. What are the two layers of lithosphere?
1) The crust, & 2) The asthenophere. _________________________________________________________________
What is Ultramafic Rock?
Rock that is dark-colored igneous rock Lots of minerals containing magnesium and iron ______________________________________________________________
Define "physical properties"
The characteristics of an object that can be - observed or -measured ________________________________________________-
What is the innermost layer of the Earth's LITHOSPHERE?
The core. __________________________________________________
What is "chemical composition"?
The elements and arrangements that make up a substance. ________________________________________________________
What is the asthenosphere?
The lower part of the Earth's lithosphere: *Below the lithosphere layer *Top part of the mantle * Very slow moving magma. ___________________________________________________________________
Define: Lithosphere
The solid part of the Earth, including the Crust Mantle & Core. ____________________________________________________________
Describe the Earth's Core.
Two parts: Inner core and Outer Core Inner core is solid Outer core is liquid. Weights about 31% of Earth's total solid mass. Mostly made of iron. __________________________________________________________________
Is a natural diamond a mineral?
Yes - it is naturally made in the earth. ______________________________________________________
A mineral may be either an element or a compound, and each mineral has a definite ___________________________.
Chemical Makeup ___________________________________________________________________
Which crust is thicker: Oceanic or Continental?
Continental crust is 32 to 70 km thick Oceanic crust is 5 to 10 km thick ____________________________________________________________________
What is the thickest layer of Earth?
Core (inner + outer core) = 2200 miles Mantle = 1800 miles Crust = 14 miles __________________________________________________________
How thick is each layer of the Earth? Crust = Mantle = Outer Core = Inner Core =
Crust = 14 miles Mantle = 1800 miles Outer Core = 1400 miles Inner Core = 800 miles ____________________________________________________________________
All materials in Earth's crust are made up what?
Elements and Compounds _____________________________________________
Is glass a mineral? Why or why not?
Glass is not a mineral because it's molecular structure is not crystalline. It is random. Also, glass is not solid. It is a very slow-moving liquid. _______________________________________________________
Where do we find rocks on the Earth?
In the crust.
All minerals are (pick one): inorganic or organic?
Inorganic _____________________________________________________________
What does "crystalline" mean?
It means the atoms are arranged in a regular and repeating pattern. _________________________________________________________
What percentage of the mass of the solid part of Earth is the crust?
Less than 1%
Describe the Mantle:
Mantle is about 68% of total mass of solid Earth VERY Hot Ultramafic Rock ____________________________________________
What percent of the Earth is solid vs. water?
29% solid (LITHOSPHERE) vs. 71% Water (Hydrosphere) __________________________________________________________________
What percent of the earth's crust is oxygen?
47% (almost half)
What is a mineral formed from?
A mineral is formed from elements or compounds in the Earth's crust. ___________________________________________________________
Is a diamond made in a laboratory a mineral?
No- it is manmade. ___________________________________________________________
Is Coal a mineral?
No. Coal is made from plant and animal remains. ______________________________________________________________________
What does "inorganic" mean?
Not formed from living things or the remains of living things. _______________________________________________________________________
what does inorganic mean?
Not living, and not made from living things. ___________________________________________________________
75% of the Earth's crust is made up of these two elements:
Oxygen and Silicon _______________________________________________________________________
The Earth's crust is primarily made of only 8 elements. What are the first and second most common elements?
Oxygen = 46% Silcon = 28% Aluminum Iron Magnesium Potassium Calcium Sodium ______________________________________________________________________
Where in the Earth's Lithosphere will you find the mountains, valleys, & continents?
The Earth's crust.
What is the middle layer of the Earth's LITHOSPHERE?
The Mantle:. ________________________________________-
