ECED 251
Expanded multicultural education in American schools is justified because A) minority groups are expanding in the U.S. B) majority culture is enhanced by promotion of multicultural education. C) parent and community support emerges when multicultural programs develop. D) all of the above.
D: All of the above
Community Schools differ largely from other public schools in that they A) have an array of health and social services on site. B) tap into community projects. C) have parents assisting in schools. D) have after school programs.
A: have an array of health and social services on site.
Teachers who are hesitant about reporting suspicions of abuse are advised to: A) report when there are several clear warning signs. B) report when there is enough documentation of abuse. C) err on the side of over reporting. D) err on the side of family rights to privacy.
C: err on the side of over reporting.
What percentage of school children admit that bullying of some type has been directed at them during their school years? A) 50% B) 40% C) 30% D) Less than 10%
A: 50%
Discuss the three types of bullying found in schools and offer a strategy for decreasing the problem that each type would have on children.
1) Emotional: likely to show signs of needing to be perfect at everything they do; talk to student and discuss why they feel they need to have everything perfect, and help them understand it is not necessary to perfect at everything you do. If signs of emotional abuse show, the teacher could report it 2) Sexual: Likely to wet the bed or not able to walk; discuss with school nurse and administration about options to assist the student, immediately report if signs do show 3) Physical: Likely to have long period of absences with fading bruises, or long sleeves in warmer weather; politely questions the long period of absence, if there are bruises, possibly talk with eh student on how they obtained the bruises, immediately report if signs are there
List four ways that early childhood educators can support children raised in families with a non-English language background.
1. Incorporate bilingual books into the classroom, so they are available for all students to use and learn from. 2. Learn more about the different cultures of your students and the community. Be mindful of certain restrictions and holidays to plan accordingly to fit the students needs. 3. Invite students' families to come in and teach about their culture. Or create an activity for all students to share their family's background and traditions. 4. Provide extra assistance to those struggling in the classroom. If needed recommend specialists to assist with learning the English language, in a respectful way. But first provide as much assistance as possible.
Who is known for his theory on the 8 stages of social and emotional development? a. Erikson b. Brim c. Freud d. Spock
A: Erikson
Protecting children from unfair and exploitative labor has evolved. Which of the following is not true? A) In WWI years some children of 7 & 8 were part of the labor force. B) Child labor reform came about in 1938. C) The child labor law set the minimum age for full time regular work at 18. D) Young children of migrant workers are still working today in some locales.
A: In WWI years some children of 7 & 8 were part of the labor force.
Social network sites are used frequently in collaborative schools. Which of the following is the best reason to use this? A) Quick way to give information on upcoming events or showing results of a school project B) Showing humorous things about our school C) A way to bring disinterested community people into your school D) Saves a lot of paper
A: Quick way to give information on upcoming events or showing results of a school project
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be present in a homeless family? A) Scheduled health checkups for children B) Erratic income and cash flow problems C) Substandard housing D) Frequent moves
A: Scheduled health checkups for children
Why was The Children's Bureau created in 1912? a. To increase the welfare of children who were undernourished, neglected or abused b. To eradicate racism c. To work with parents d. To help mothers join women's clubs
A: To increase the welfare of children who were undernourished, neglected or abused
Screen media comes in different forms, and the Academy of Pediatrics recommends the typical 2-5 year old not to exceed A) a total of 1-2 hours per day. B) a total of 4 hours per day. C) about 6 hours per day. D) no more than 10 hours per day.
A: a total of 1-2 hours per day.
The nature-nurture debate concentrates on A) beliefs about inherited characteristics as opposed to the effects of environment. B) extensive study of nature as opposed to study of the classics. C) evidence that nature and nurture mean the same thing. D) the effects of research in agriculture.
A: beliefs about inherited characteristics as opposed to the effects of environment.
Which of the following purposes of Back-to-school-night is false? A) Discussing individual children and their needs B) Providing information about curriculum and classroom procedures C) Allowing teachers and parents to get to know each other D) Sharing ways of communicating about children
A: discussing individual children and their needs
The legislation that protects the educational rights of homeless students is called A) the McKinley-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. B) the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. C) the free Appropriate Education Act. D) the Family Rights and Privacy Act.
A: the McKinley-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.
A pediatrician is most likely to raise concerns about a child possibly having a disability when A) the child fails to meet developmental milestones. B) the child is very active and unfocused. C) the child is having difficulty learning to read. D) the child is unable to make friends.
A: the child fails to meet developmental milestones.
Child hunger rates change from time to time across the world. In the U.S. in recent years food insecurity ranged from A) 1-2 % of U.S. families. B) 12-14 % of U.S. families. C) 16-18 % of U.S. families. D) 30-35 % of U.S. families.
B: 12-14 % of U.S. families.
Which is not a characteristic of component families? A) Value open and ongoing communication B) Are affluent and well educated C) Show involvement and interest in children's work and activity D) Have clearly established standards, values, and expectations
B: Are affluent and well educated
Communicating with families that speak a different language can be challenging. Pick the least successful strategy from below. A) Have a translator at all meetings. B) Avoid personal contacts with other language families and try to get their children to be the "go betweens" when needed. C) Have printed materials in the family's language. D) Have materials, books, displays about the different cultures nearby.
B: Avoid personal contacts with other language families and try to get their children to be the "go betweens" when needed.
Which of the following programs created in the 1960s as an enriched early education program had a strong parent involvement component? a. War on Poverty b. Head Start c. No Child Left Behind d. IDEA
B: Headstart
We need to work on ways to protect children. Which of the following is least likely to be successful? A) Keeping the environment as free from hazards as possible. B) Keeping children isolated or in a protected area whenever possible. C) Help children learn to keep themselves safe. D) Teachers and parents should develop habits of anticipating dangers and figuring out possible hazardous situations.
B: Keeping children isolated or in a protected area whenever possible.
When writing notes or emails to children's home follow your plan. Which one of the following will be on your priority list? A) Make certain everything is on school stationery. B) Let the child know what is in your letter or email to her parents. C) Check your written messages out with a senior teacher nearby. D) Make sure you give every bit of information on the child.
B: Let the child know what is in your letter or email to her parents.
All children must acquire an ability to manage their own behavior in order to function in society. Which of the following techniques is not successful in helping children learn to control their behavior? A) Parents allow children to perform tasks they are capable of performing. B) Parents demonstrate that adults may behave one way but child should behave differently. C) Expectations and responsibilities change according to children's ages and skill levels. D) Parents allow children to learn about the consequences of their actions.
B: Parents demonstrate that adults may behave one way but child should behave differently.
According to Maslow, which of the following arrangements best represents the order for nurturing practices by parents? A) Economic self-maintenance, health, and prestige B) Physical safety, providing love, promoting esteem C) Providing esteem, providing love, economic self-maintenance D) Providing love, prestige, physical safety
B: Physical safety, providing love, promoting esteem
Many good ways exist to help teacher-parent interaction. Pick the best from below. A) Make sure all communication comes through the school office. B) Posting a photo of the 1st grade short in-class play on the parent bulletin board and invite comments. C) Make sure you have another adult with you when meeting a parent. D) Keep the face to face contact with parents and community members to a minimum. Written records are safer.
B: Posting a photo of the 1st grade short in-class play on the parent bulletin board and invite comments.
Regarding legal aspects of homeschooling, which one of the following is true? A) There are federal laws that regulate all homeschooling efforts. B) State regulation generally include the issues of attendance and the quality of instruction being offered. C) A minority of states have statutes regarding school attendance for homeschoolers. D) State laws that regulate homeschooling have not changed much in 50 years.
B: State regulation generally include the issues of attendance and the quality of instruction being offered.
What agency oversees the nation's largest voluntary accreditation system for preschools and child care centers? A) The National Association of Resource and Referral Agencies B) The National Association for the Education of Young Children C) The National Association of Family Child Care D) The Children's Defense Fund
B: The National Association for the Education of Young Children
Which of the following would be the best support for a child's social networking? A) The family relocating every year B) The network that her parents have established C) Heavy financial support for academics D) New roadways in the community
B: The network that her parents have established
Which of the following is the most appropriate reason for establishing a parent center within a school? A) To provide a location for conducting parent-teacher conferences B) To give parents a sense of belonging so they feel more comfortable attending meetings and classes C) To provide a place for parents in the school where they will not distract students D) To enable all parents to participate in parent education sessions offered by the school
B: To give parents a sense of belonging so they feel more comfortable attending meetings and classes
When a parent with children remarries a single adult to produce a stepfamily for the new partner, the new family is termed A) a nuclear family. B) a blended family. C) an adoptive family. D) a sub-family.
B: a blended family
Full inclusion refers to A) children with disabilities who are placed in self-contained special education classes. B) children with disabilities who spend the majority of their in school time in general education classes. C) children with disabilities who are mainstreamed for lunch, recess, and special classes such as music and physical education. D) typically developing children who are placed in special education classes as peers.
B: children with disabilities who spend the majority of their in school time in general education classes.
The effect of the home, school, and community settings on young children is A) about equal for all 3 settings. B) determined by the age of the child. C) quite minimal for all 3 settings. D) determined by family economic status.
B: determined by the age of the child
The most important purpose of a brief phone call or an email to parents during the first week of school is for a teacher to A) inform parents of important school policies. B) lay the foundation for an effective working relationship. C) nip any behavior problems in the bud. D) establish the teacher's authority.
B: lay the foundation for an effective working relationship.
Reggio Emilia's basic precepts A) have stayed the same over the years. B) maintain the children are active participants in their own learning. C) are behaviorist in orientation. D) have not been successfully implemented in U.S. schools.
B: maintain the children are active participants in their own learning.
The transformative approach to parent education is based on the belief that A) parents learn best from lectures and discussion led by teachers and other experts. B) parents and teachers have complementary skills and can learn from each other. C) parents can transform their children's behavior by applying researched-based ideas. D) parent led discussion groups are most effective.
B: parents and teachers have complementary skills and can learn from each other.
Under the provisions of the Lanham Act during World War II, many communities were able to A) provide after-school programs to enrich children's lives. B) provide child-care resources and referrals for mothers working in factories. C) provide in-home child care for newborns. D) provide opportunities for children to communicate with a deployed parent.
B: provide child-care resources and referrals for mothers working in factories.
The big element in Comer's School Development idea that is not featured in others is A) collaboration. B) social and emotional health objectives. C) team operations in helping children. D) communication network.
B: social and emotional health objectives.
Which of the following is the best childhood predictor of adult competence in American society? A) Intelligence B) Strong social skills C) Aggressiveness D) Well-developed language skills
B: strong social skills
What is the difference between a licensed child care center and an accredited one? A) There is no difference. These terms mean the same thing. B) Accreditation ensures that minimum standards are met while licensing goes beyond the minimum. C) Accredited centers are considered higher in quality than the merely licensed. D) A licensed center is guaranteed to meet the higher indicators of quality care.
C: Accredited centers are considered higher in quality than the merely licensed.
The nurturing family provides many things for a young child. Which of the following would be the most valuable support for the child's overall growth? A) Intellectual stimulation B) Travel and entertainment experiences C) Emotional and social support D) Carefully selected reading materials
C: Emotional and social support
Charter schools are known for unusual experiments. Which of the following is false? A) Strong relationships with school families B) Deemphasize parent-school communication C) Have no rigid commitment for certified teachers D) That some have very traditional and classic programs
C: Have no rigid commitment for certified teachers
Why is it important for early childhood professionals to understand a child's home? A) Home visits are a necessary part of being a dominant force in education. B) Understanding the home will help preschool teachers include more homework. C) Promoting healthy growth requires an integrated educational model. D) As communities become less diverse, it is easier to predict the values and the experiences of each child's home life.
C: Promoting healthy growth requires an integrated educational model.
What is the most important process element in child care? A) Amount of parent involvement B) Quality of outdoor equipment C) Relationship between caregiver and child D) Adult-child ratio
C: Relationship between caregiver and child
What is the difference between early intervention for infants and toddlers and the services that a school aged child with a disability would receive? A) Services for infants and toddlers are only provided in the home. B) Services for school-age children are only provided at school. C) Services for infants and toddlers are more family-centered while those for older children are more school-centered. D) Infants and toddler services are guided by an IEP while school-age services are guided by an IFSP.
C: Services for infants and toddlers are more family-centered while those for older children are more school-centered.
Which of the following best describes a shift in the view of child rearing in the 1940s? a. self-regulation for trust and autonomy b. strict scheduling and discipline c. social development d. love and freedom
C: Social Development
Which statement about children in foster care is false? A) The majority of foster children are children of color. B) Placement in kinship care is common and encouraged. C) The majority of foster children are eventually adopted. D) Families providing foster care receive compensation.
C: The majority of foster children are eventually adopted.
Which of the following is not a feature of children described as English Language Learners? A) They benefit from immersion programs in school. B) They need linguistic assistance in school. C) They are less capable than majority culture peers. D) They often need additional help in math and reading.
C: They are less capable than majority culture peers.
We have many concerns about quality of child care in the U.S. Which of the following is not a top concern? A) Safety issues in child care centers and home care programs B) Mediocre quality of child care programs C) Transportation arrangements for in-home child care D) The child care tax credit for low income parents
C: Transportation arrangements for in-home child care
Which of the following subgroups in the category of children with special needs are protected by the federal IDEA legislation? A) Children who are identified as gifted and talented B) Children who do not speak English C) Children with disabilities D) Children who have health issues
C: children with disabilities
Social-cultural theorists such as Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner maintain that A) environment is the major element when considering development of a child. B) development of a child is promoted by biology and the environment. C) development is influenced in a reciprocal manner by both biology and environment. D) genetic and biological factors depend on certain historical contexts.
C: development is influenced in a reciprocal manner by both biology and environment.
The term "underclass" is used to describe individuals and families who are A) unskilled working people. B) affluent and hardworking people. C) people locked in a cycle of poverty. D) minorities and/or immigrants.
C: people locked in a cycle of poverty
What was emphasized for parents regarding child rearing in the period between 1910 and 1930? a. love and freedom b. self-regulation c. strict scheduling and discipline d. social development
C: strict scheduling and discipline
The most important consideration for teachers when approaching diverse families is A) to be available at all times. B) to be understanding. C) to treat all families with dignity and respect. D) to find out as much as possible about the family.
C: to treat all families with dignity and respect
One of the major issues which limits a family access to community resources in rural areas is A) poverty. B) lack of interest by officials. C) transportation issues. D) family embarrassment.
C: transportation issues
Which of the following statements about peer groups is true? A) Have no effect on child learning before they enter school B) Influence child's achievement more than parents do C) Are a negative influence on children's learning D) Are a strong influence as children learn to negotiate and compromise
D: Are a strong influence as children learn to negotiate and compromise
Communicating with children sets up patterns that can affect a child for years. Which of the following is likely not a helpful strategy? A) Writing an introductory note or letter to a new child in your room B) Letting a child know you are interested in her feelings C) When working with one child on a game or project, allow him to lead or ask questions as often as possible D) Assign the child to a "time out" spot whenever he/she becomes angry or upset
D: Assign the child to a "time out" spot whenever he/she becomes angry or upset
Which of the following best describes the role of the father in the early part of the 20th century? a. homemaker b. friend c. husband d. breadwinner
D: Breadwinner
Which of the following pieces of evidence would be least helpful for a teacher checking for physical abuse? A) Child has bruises B) Child has a fear of adults C) Child wears clothes to disguise injuries D) Child wears ragged clothing
D: Child wears ragged clothing
Which is not a requirement for a child to be eligible for services under the Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities? A) Child is experiencing delays in cognitive, physical, communication, social or emotional or adaptive development. B) Child has received a diagnosis of developmental delay as measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments. C) Child has a diagnosed medical condition with a high probability of developmental delay. D) Child's disability was identified at birth.
D: Child's disability was identified at birth
Select the incorrect statement below. A) Service agencies provide learning opportunities for children. B) Social networks affect children's learning in a community. C) Some community learning is planned by community organizations. D) Children always take advantage of the learning opportunities offered by their community.
D: Children always take advantage of the learning opportunities offered by their community.
Which of the following statements concerning community influence is true? A) Learning from a collection of recyclables is minimal. B) Social agencies are not able to reach all families in a community. C) Commercial enterprises are only concerned with educating adults. D) Children's use of the community can depend on how safe the neighborhood is.
D: Children's use of the community can depend on how safe the neighborhood is.
Children in military families face special challenges due to moves. Which of the following would be less stressful? A) Loss of friends when moving B) Dealing with a new school C) Rebuilding social networks D) Exposure to different culture and geography
D: Exposure to different culture and geography
Which of the following statements regarding changes in family patterns is false? A) The single parent family is becoming a less common family grouping in the U.S. today. B) The nuclear family is becoming less predominant today. C) Some children live in institutions that serve as family substitutes. D) Extended families are increasing in number today.
D: Extended families are increasing in number today.
Which one of the following would most likely be a feature in an outdoor classroom? A) An iPhone B) Designs that children construct C) Spelling bees and word games D) Gauges for measuring weather conditions
D: Gauges for measuring weather conditions
Which of the following statements is false? A) Higher income families tend to choose child-care centers. B) Center based child care has increased rapidly in the past 30 years. C) Some low-income parents have difficulty affording adequate child care. D) Geographic location of child care is often not an important factor for families.
D: Geographic location of child care is often not an important factor for families.
Which of the following is a true statement about Charter Schools? A) Receives authorization from national authorities. B) Have stricter admission requirements than regular public schools. C) Adhere to an academic curriculum. D) Must conform to the learning outcomes the school has petitioned for.
D: Must conform to the learning outcomes the school has petitioned for.
Which of the following is not true? A) Peer group rejection influences a child's behaviors. B) Peer groups bring about problem solving skills. C) Peers compare views about each other's family customs. D) Peer influence starts to decrease by middle school.
D: Peer influence starts to decrease by middle school.
If you had good home-school communication, which of the following would you avoid? A) Using weekly communication folders. B) School takes the first step to start or renew relationships. C) Have a face to face meeting with parents at least once a year. D) Send out as many folders, schedules, and event plans as possible at the start of the year.
D: Send out as many folders, schedules, and event plans as possible at the start of the year.
Which of the following is not a positive media habit for parents? A) Watch video programming with your child. B) Discuss media with your child. C) Place TV in a central spot, so you know what is viewed. D) Use video programs to distract a child who is crying.
D: Use video programs to distract a child who is crying.
Children may receive conflicting messages about aggressive play and other issues due to A) media influence. B) parental differences of opinion. C) peers. D) all of the above.
D: all of the above
Evidence from studies on collaboration among schools, families and communities shows that A) children had improved grades. B) children had better attendance. C) children had better social skills and behaviors. D) all of the above.
D: all of the above
Parents and community members make for a richer curriculum in schools. Identify the features that volunteer programs do require A) an orientation and training plan for all volunteers. B) have volunteers walk through the process of working at school. C) grandparents can and do serve nicely in schools. D) all of the above
D: all of the above
Parents seeking child care arrangements are very often dismayed over A) costs of child care. B) distances to travel for care. C) times that programs are closed. D) all of the above
D: all of the above
What accommodations do schools frequently make for children who have been identified as being gifted and talented? A) Enriched curriculum content B) Accelerated pace of instruction C) Increased opportunities for creative and critical thinking D) All of the above
D: all of the above
Which of the following has not been adequately provided for families participating in welfare reform? A) Child care B) Housing C) Health care D) All of the above
D: all of the above
Children have different ways of knowing about the world — first learned in their homes. Teachers help children adjust to the school's way of knowing when they present material and activities A) in the school structured way of knowing. B) in the parent's way of knowing. C) by clear academic and behavioral standards. D) by presenting lessons using a variety of modalities.
D: by presenting lessons using a variety of modalities.
Code switching is a technique children learn to use that A) involves the learning of several languages. B) shows they learn the vocabulary and language patterns of their parents' native language. C) helps them cope with the language patterns of different stories read to them. D) helps children deal with different venues when they observe different adults using varying verbal and nonverbal cues.
D: helps children deal with different venues when they observe different adults using varying verbal and nonverbal cues.
If you have Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant and Jewish children in your classroom, the best way to promote your curriculum is to A) ignore all references to religion. B) maintain a completely secular attitude. C) celebrate all religious holidays enthusiastically. D) invite families to explain their special holiday foods and religious observance.
D: invite families to explain their special holiday foods and religious observance.
Define the four categories of child maltreatment and discuss one sign or signal in each category that an abused child is likely to display.
Neglect: When a child's basic needs are not being met, that is also considered abuse. Caretakers must provide physical needs (food and shelter), medical needs, educational needs, and emotional needs (not allowing kids to use alcohol or drugs, giving psychological help when needed). Physical abuse: These are nonaccidental injuries and harm that come from a child's caretaker. It doesn't matter if the adult meant to hurt the child or not. According to the Child Welfare Information Gateway, physical discipline, such as spanking or paddling, is not considered abuse as long as it is reasonable and causes no bodily injury to the child. Emotional/psychological abuse: This can be the hardest form of abuse to identify, but if a child is being abused in another way, emotional abuse can usually be found as well. In brief, emotional abuse stunts a child's emotional growth with threats, rejection, or insults. Sexual abuse: The exploitation of children is a form of abuse. Allowing children to engage in, or expose them to, any form of inappropriate sexual situations falls under this category of abuse.
Explain the differences between process and structural elements in a child-care setting and how these elements contribute to quality.
Process: • sensitive and responsive caregiving: Understanding and listening to the students and their emotions is important. It develops a connection between educator/care giver and the student. • positive and negative peer interaction: Gets the kids started on social interactions that they may have within the classroom. • cognitive and language stimulation: focuses on the education aspect of a child care center. Prepares the students for school. • health and safety practices: focuses on the student and their place within the center. They are the top priority. Structural: • child-to-adult ratios: the number of workers at the center is based off of how many children there are, it limits the amount of students in the classroom. Too many students for one adult creates chaos and leads to less focus on students. • group size: restricted group size, smaller sizes allow for more one-on-one interactions with students. • Licensure: required to ensure the center is doing things the right way. Confirms how legit the center is and gives directions for how the center should be running. • caregiver education and training: each character is the best that they can be. They have the knowledge and experience to handle the kids properly.
Family literacy programs may vary. However, they have many mutual benefits. Discuss the benefits of these programs for children, parents and families, and society.
The benefits of family literacy programs for students include better school attendance and achievement, improved readiness for school, and improved social skills. The benefits for parents include an improved attitude about school, improved knowledge and job skills, improved socials skills, and awareness and self-advocacy. Benefits of family literacy programs for society include awareness of social problems, better ideas on health, a lowered dropout rate, a reduction in teen parenting, a reduction in welfare dependency, a reduction in social alienation, and a reduction in violence.
Explain what the child-find process is why it is important for young children with disabilities to be identified and assisted as soon as possible.
a) Child Find is part of a federal law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which protects the rights of students with disabilities. Child Find requires school districts to have a process for identifying and evaluating children who may need special education and related services. Students could then receive help for learning disabilities and developmental delays through the government's early intervention programs. These programs help parents find out if their young children are on track or if additional services are needed for the family and child. It is important because it helps identify learning disabilities early on in the child's life. When the problem or limitation is found earlier on in life, it can make the child's life a lot easier. The stress of not knowing what is wrong is dissolved and instead a solution to the problem is presented to assist the student through their education. Those who go through life not knowing could be miserable and could potentially stop their education due to their struggle. With this program, accommodations are provided and solutions are proposed to aid the child through their educational career. From birth to age 3.
Make a list of several family routines, rituals or traditions. Then choose three and explain what important skills children can learn as they are involved in those activities.
a) Doing chores: gives the child responsibility and allows them to complete tasks on their own b) Making the bed c) Picking out clothes for the next day d) Doing homework right when they arrive home, in order to maximize play time e) Church f) Family dinner: talking about everyone's days and what they have learned; allows for explanation of new concepts learned and review g) Reading a book before bed: enhanced child's reading abilities; gives more practice on reading and comprehension
Discuss some of the factors you would keep in mind when working with families raising children with disabilities. What would be similar to working with all families and what might be different?
a) Each disability is its own, meaning not everyone has the same disability and there are different factors that contribute to each disability; at home methods for the disability may differ from in school, meaning the teacher needs to be aware and understanding of the different care taking methods; the struggle that goes into taking care of a child with disabilities, meaning be understanding and patient because it may be hard at home or there may be other things going on that make daily tasks harder. b) Being understanding and patient with all families is key. Each family has their own hardships and do not need added on pressure. Also, the teacher should be aware of limiting factors at home that may prevent the child from getting schoolwork done. Families with disabilities may need more help or patience. Sometimes it is harder living and functioning with a child that has a disability. It is all situational though.
Note two examples where home and school expectations could be in conflict. Then write a brief plan for helping reconcile the conflict.
a) Homework may be an example of different expectations. The school expects students to complete homework, but the family decides that it isn't as important as family time or personal time. They believe school work should stay at school and time away from school is personal time. The teacher should discuss with the family the importance of homework and why it needs to be completed. The teacher should be respectful of how the family feels and should try to accommodate with minimal homework for the class. b) Not attending school could be a problem. Where at home the parents believe school is a choice and that if the child doesn't want to go, then they don't have to. For example, if the child throws a fit and doesn't want to go the school, the parent allows the absence. The school on the other hand does not allow excessive absences. The teacher and/or administration should schedule a meeting with the family and explain the importance of their child going to school, as well as inform them of federal laws that could penalize the parents if the child is not attending school. Be respectful of the situation and their opinions.
Identify the categories of listening identified by Hunnsaker & Alessandra. Explain active listening and give three features of this type of listening.
a) Non-listener b) Marginal listener c) Evaluative learner d) Active listener: When one gives their complete attention to the speaker, showing interest and not interrupting a. Pay attention to the speaker b. Paraphrase and ask questions c. Let the speaker finish their thoughts
Explain the difference between verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Give two examples of each type.
a) Verbal communication is when information is exchanged between two or more people through the form of writing or speech. a. Talking at a meeting b. Relaying instructions b) Nonverbal communication is when information is exchanged through unspoken words or nonverbal gestures. a. Hand gestures b. Facial expressions
Pick three cultural groups that might have potential issues with school engagement. Tell how you would address these issues.
a. African American: family feels unwelcome or uncomfortable visiting the school and extended family and close friends are seen as very important; promote African American heritage and culture through images hung around the school and discussing aspects in the classroom, pair families with new and welcoming families to introduce them to the school environment, celebrate africqn American milestones and provide books and materials to represent them. b. Indian American: differences between the tribal groups and their stereotypes and lack of awareness of the Indian beliefs; ask parents to educate staff about their culture, analyze classroom materials to avoid stereotyping, discuss the Indian culture and make connections to readings and everyday problems c. European American: do not have the culture as a core part of identity and have a mix of many European ethnicities and have values/communications that are seen as normal but may be seen to others as odd; give opportunities to participate in class or meetings to address the diversity
List three features of a community that affect children's education, and then tie each to a particular educational objective that an early childhood teacher would have.
a. Community recreational groups: sports and clubs help promote the child's social skills. Can help teach children teamwork and leadership skills. b. Community outreach programs: helps educate parents on how to raise children and bring them to up to code with educational standards. Helps prepare children for school. Allows children to come to school prepared and ready to learn. c. Type of community: if in a negative community, the child could have behavioral issues or not have many expectations at home. Lack of structure leads to no studying, not doing homework, etc. The child may have a lot of responsibility at home and doesn't focus on schoolwork or in class. May fall behind academically.
Choose three theorists and discuss their contribution to education.
a. John Amos Comenius i. He believed in universal education, an education for all. He also believed in the concept of early education, education before school. He felt strongly about the role of the mother in the child's life. He also created the first picture book (orbis pictus). ii. b. John Locke c. Jean Jacques Rousseau d. Johann Heinrick Pestalozzi i. He had a holistic approach to learning. He created the first lesson plan, a technique still used today. He also developed instructional methods. He believed in the concept of head, hand, and heart. He also felt strongly about the mother's role and the natural learning environment. e. Fredrich Whilhelm Frobel i. He was the father of kindergarten. He believed in play-based learning and a child centered learning environment. He felt strongly about the role of the mother in the child's life. He created Froebel's gifts, which were hands on activities for learning. He created the first seven which led to many more creations of similar concepts. The gifts are still sold today.
List the three major levels of collaboration that you read about. Then tell briefly what each level would entail.
a. Minimum: Reach out to community and families for basic support of programs. Expectations of responses from families and the community to help out. b. Associative: Requests that parents volunteer in classroom on a regular basis. Parents help out with copies or assisting students when needed. Some have special jobs to focus on certain students in the classroom who need extra assistance. c. Decision-making: Parents and the community actively participate in the decision making process for students and their welfare. More commitment from those aiding in this level.
Identify the three major philosophical perspectives, related to child development and learning, that we have focused on in this chapter. Then show how you could recognize each in a classroom.
a. Nativism: Becoming independent. Such as a student learning to tie their shoes, they first learn and then want to do it on their own. They may ask for help but most often they will try to do it all by themselves. About maturation, when the student is ready, the teacher will provide materials and information. b. Behaviorism: Influence of the community, forming behavior. Such as a student being conditioned to behave in the classroom. If they behave they get a reward, such as a no homework pass. If they misbehave, they get a letter written to their parents about their behavior. It reinforces positive behavior. c. Constructivism: how a student acquires and applies knowledge. Such as a student being involved in their learning process. The classroom would have a lot of self-guided/learning lessons for the student to develop and learn on their own. Combination of nativism and behaviorism.
Discuss four features that one could find in almost all collaborative-partnership programs
a. Planning process: most effective, community, school, and family come together for benefit of students. Need strong leader and participants must respect each other and work together effectively. Determines needs, find goals, and sets a plan into action for the students. b. Implementation process: Decide which sources can provide certain resources. Orientation for new members. Workshops for participants. Positive social aspect. c. Assessment process: Review classroom work and questionnaires to determine what is needed. Constant data is brought in. Once a year the school and community come together to go over new ideas and changes. d. Communication: Parents and community should feel welcome. Constant communication to share new ideas and how they will be implemented. Different outlets to get information to parents and the community.
Media affects children's lives in the 21st century. Identify two positive and two negative effects on children that come from media and state what your arguments would be to convince your PTA committee on how to deal with these.
a. Positive: New technology allows students to learn more at their own pace. There are new programs and activities online to further enhance children's knowledge on topics, while making it fun at the same time. It can make learning enjoyable for young children. b. Positive: Media allows outreach to the community. It can create events for families and their children to visit and learn more about a topic or even just be involved in their community. Being involved in the community helps with better development within a child socially and intellectually. c. Negative: exposure to violence, drugs, and sex. Over time, media has created a place for more adult like topics. Often children are exposed to sexual and violent encounters with those of the same age or older. It can lead to tragic outcomes that can permanently damage the child physically and mentally. d. Negative: bullying. On social media, a lot of positive things can be said, but there is also a lot of negative. One of the biggest problems with media is bullying. Many hide behind a computer screen and attack a person verbally for any and no reason at all. It is seen as being easier than confronting someone face to face. It can destroy one's self esteem and make them feel worthless. It can ruin a child socially and mentally.
List three potential risk factors or sources of stress on family life. Tell why these conditions may be harmful to children. What strategies can be adopted by school and community personnel to accommodate the stress arising from these factors?
• A death of a close family member: it typically puts a lot of strain on family members and it becomes sort of a depressing time. There's a chance the family members could become agitated by one another very easily and lash out about small things. It has the potential to put a huge strain on family relations. There isn't much the school can do besides being supportive and providing assistance if they see the student struggling. One thing that could possibly be done is giving the student more time to complete work during the difficult time. Depending on the relationship between the lost family member and the family, it could be a brief or long period of time for the student to recover from the loss. • A sudden illness within the family could also add a ton of stress. The family will have to accommodate towards the ill member and adjust schedules. If it is the student that is ill, it will be hard for them to complete work and focus on their education, while simultaneously trying to get better. If it is not the student who is sick, it might put a strain on them by worrying about the ill family member and having to adjust to new schedules or situations. Educators should be patient and understanding during this difficult time. Any assistance should be offered. They should try to learn schedules for the student to understand better their situation at home and how that would affect the student's schoolwork. • Money could be a potential stress factor. If the family begins to have a money crisis, it could stress out the parents. The children most likely will not understand what is going on but will stress out because their parents are stressing out. A loss of money could put parents on edge wondering if they will be able to afford the house, bills, food, or any other necessity. The school can help by being understanding and offering low cost options for students. For example, maybe a cheaper field trip to somewhere local compared to a costly field trip out of state. It creates a lower cost to be payed by students. The school could also offer free/reduced breakfasts and lunches to help feed the child.
