Education 1

What does cultural pluralism imply? a. Immigrants should be assimilated. b. Cultural differences should be respected. c. Every student should learn English. d. America is a melting pot of cultures.

b. Cultural differences should be respected.

Which constitutional basis justifies due process protections for teachers? a. First Amendment and state law b. Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments c. Preamble and the Bill of Rights d. First and Second Amendments

b. Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments

What are the effects of recent demographic changes in the United States' population of school-aged children? a. A decreasing number of students come from biracial or multiracial backgrounds. b. Higher birthrates among minorities result in a larger number of minority students. c. California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii have declining numbers of minority students. d. More minority children live in rural areas than live in urban areas.

b. Higher birthrates among minorities result in a larger number of minority students.

Which cognitive psychologist is most linked with constructivist teaching? a. Maria Montessori b. John Dewey c. Lev Vygotsky d. B. F. Skinner

c. Lev Vygotsky

What is the most important reason for schools to continually assess what they are really doing? a. Schools are lagging behind society. b. Schools should make people successful. c. Schools must keep pace with society. d. Schools are too far ahead of society.

c. Schools must keep pace with society.

How does technology pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) conceptualize how technology is used to enhance teaching and learning? a. TPACK suggests that technology training precede content investigation. b. TPACK emphasizes technology in the personal domain. c. TPACK incorporates content, pedagogy, and technology. d. TPACK requires teachers to use technology in all subjects.

c. TPACK incorporates content, pedagogy, and technology.

Why has cheating become a greater problem in schools? a. Consequences for cheating are inadequately enforced. b. Students find it acceptable to cheat to get a good grade. c. Many students do not consider plagiarism cheating. d. School officials tend to ignore acts of cheating. e. Student seating is arranged too close together.

a. Consequences for cheating are inadequately enforced. b. Students find it acceptable to cheat to get a good grade. c. Many students do not consider plagiarism cheating.

Why is it important for teachers to be aware of student diversity? a. Differing ethnic and cultural backgrounds influence the choice of instructional methods. b. All students are required to be proficient in English before they can graduate. c. Teachers may believe stereotypes accurately reflect society. d. Teachers must help students from all backgrounds succeed in the dominant culture.

a. Differing ethnic and cultural backgrounds influence the choice of instructional methods.

Which of the following characterize the progressive philosophy of education? a. Education begins with the student. b. Product is more important than process. c. The mind is a marvelous mechanism for problem solving. d. Knowledge must be continuously redefined and rediscovered. e. Teachers are intellectual guides

a. Education begins with the student. c. The mind is a marvelous mechanism for problem solving. d. Knowledge must be continuously redefined and rediscovered. e. Teachers are intellectual guides.

Which steps are important in the instructional decision-making process? a. Implement instructional choices. b. Assign drill-and-practice exercises. c. Evaluate strategies and options. d. Plan lesson objectives and activities. e. Consider student backgrounds.

a. Implement instructional choices. c. Evaluate strategies and options. d. Plan lesson objectives and activities. e. Consider student backgrounds

Carol Landis lets her ninth-grade students choose their own partners for group work. What happens because of this decision? a. One student leads their group. b. Students use the Internet for research. c. Student groups chatter instead of working. d. Students argue over the topic. e. Students efficiently write reports

a. One student leads their group. c. Student groups chatter instead of working. d. Students argue over the topic.

Why are philosophers careful about their use of language? a. Philosophers want their language to be clearly understood. b. There is a monetary interest in the publication of philosophy. c. Philosophers expect people to understand technical language. d. Technical terms and jargon are hard to understand.

a. Philosophers want their language to be clearly understood.

In what ways may youth suicide be effectively prevented? a. Schools establish suicide prevention policies and programs. b. Society accepts that students are able to obtain access to guns. c. Teachers overlook withdrawn behavior out of respect for student privacy. d. Teachers recognize signs of suicide risk and seek help. e. Family and school relationships are supported.

a. Schools establish suicide prevention policies and programs. d. Teachers recognize signs of suicide risk and seek help. e. Family and school relationships are supported.

What steps may educators take to ensure schools are safe places? a. Stress positive youth involvement. b. Use metal detectors to confiscate weapons. c. Create conflict resolution programs. d. Allow students to wear gang insignia. e. Enforce zero-tolerance policies.

a. Stress positive youth involvement. b. Use metal detectors to confiscate weapons. c. Create conflict resolution programs. e. Enforce zero-tolerance policies.

Why do parents want their children to be taught by ethical people? a. Teachers act as role models of ethical behavior. b. Most schools focus on academic skills. c. Children need protection from unethical teachers. d. Teachers convey that we are all ethically bound to one another.

a. Teachers act as role models of ethical behavior. d. Teachers convey that we are all ethically bound to one another.

How has society changed in its view of student rights and teacher authority? a. Teachers are required to exercise caution to prevent an infringement of students' rights. b. The tendency to use courts to settle conflicts has had an impact on teachers. c. The authority of adults in general, and teachers in particular, has eroded noticeably. d. It is no longer generally agreed that teachers have broad leeway to act in the place of parents.

a. Teachers are required to exercise caution to prevent an infringement of students' rights. b. The tendency to use courts to settle conflicts has had an impact on teachers. c. The authority of adults in general, and teachers in particular, has eroded noticeably. d. It is no longer generally agreed that teachers have broad leeway to act in the place of parents.

What is a major advantage of using technology to teach? a. Teachers may present content in a nonlinear style. b. Teachers may project text or pictures on a large screen. c. Computers level the playing field for students with writing difficulties. d. Presentation software replaces filmstrip projectors

a. Teachers may present content in a nonlinear style.

Why is it important for a future educator to identify the hidden curriculum? a. Teachers need to be aware of underlying messages students receive. b. The hidden curriculum teaches students to think for themselves. c. The hidden curriculum facilitates teaching. d. The classroom climate reflects warmth or regimentation.

a. Teachers need to be aware of underlying messages students receive.

How may a classroom teacher's role be affected by technology? a. Technology allows teachers to act as coaches or facilitators. b. Computers become the major source of information for teachers. c. Teachers have more time to correct and grade student work. d. The teacher is the major source of information for instruction.

a. Technology allows teachers to act as coaches or facilitators.

How may textbooks be considered powerful statements of curriculum? a. Textbook publishers prepare tests geared to the textbook's objectives. b. Textbook packages include learning activities and materials. c. Textbooks define objectives and goals for student learning. d. Textbooks often include material that influential groups find offensive. e. Textbooks are dumbed down to meet readability requirements.

a. Textbook publishers prepare tests geared to the textbook's objectives. b. Textbook packages include learning activities and materials. c. Textbooks define objectives and goals for student learning.

How has technology changed the teacher's role in the classroom? a. The teacher poses problems for the students to solve. b. The teacher functions more as a facilitator or a coach. c. The teacher serves less as a dispenser of information. d. The teacher allows students to take charge of their own learning.

a. The teacher poses problems for the students to solve. b. The teacher functions more as a facilitator or a coach. c. The teacher serves less as a dispenser of information. d. The teacher allows students to take charge of their own learning.

John Dewey said, "Nothing is so practical as a good theory." What is his message to teachers? a. Theories help interpret new situations and solve problems. b. Abstractions are irrelevant in the real classroom environment. c. Classroom teachers appreciate realistic suggestions. d. Theories complicate assigning and grading student work.

a. Theories help interpret new situations and solve problems.

How are cognitive tools used to engage and enhance thinking? a. Tools allow users to think more creatively and critically. b. Applications display graphs and charts on-screen. c. Computers provide drill-and-practice exercises. d. Spreadsheets are used to enter data for reports.

a. Tools allow users to think more creatively and critically.

What characterizes a school environment that is hostile toward gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered students? a. a blind eye toward bullying and harassment b. opportunities for discussion of gender roles c. prohibition of homophobic remarks d. existence of Gay-Straight Alliances

a. a blind eye toward bullying and harassment

Which characteristics of behavior should ethical teachers exhibit? a. ability to reason systematically b. knowledge of pertinent facts c. power to create rules and regulations d. courage to act on decisions e. appreciation of moral complexities

a. ability to reason systematically b. knowledge of pertinent facts d. courage to act on decisions e. appreciation of moral complexities

Which conditions must be present in a school "to create learning environments conducive to powerful uses of technology"? a. access to contemporary hardware, software, and networks b. educational leaders who acquire cutting-edge educational technology c. financial support for technology purchases and maintenance d. educators skilled in the use of the technology for learning

a. access to contemporary hardware, software, and networks c. financial support for technology purchases and maintenance d. educators skilled in the use of the technology for learning

When are teachers most vulnerable to legal action regarding prayer in public schools? a. advocating a particular religion or involving students in prayer b. considering religious texts in a historical context c. studying the history and contributions of individual religions d. reading the Bible and other religious texts as literature

a. advocating a particular religion or involving students in prayer

What describes the view that humans learn to act in specific ways based on the response they receive for their actions? a. behaviorism b. romanticism c. instrumentalism d. progressivism

a. behaviorism

According to the romantic school of philosophy, what motivates learning? a. children's interests and innate curiosity about the world b. wisdom of the past and great works of literature c. basic skills and traditional disciplinary knowledge d. a common curriculum of study for all students to learn

a. children's interests and innate curiosity about the world

What does the traditional approach to mathematics curriculum stress? a. explicit computation instruction b. memorization of algorithms and formulas c. emphasis on drill and practice d. inquiry lessons with hands-on manipulatives e. solution of real-world problems

a. explicit computation instruction b. memorization of algorithms and formulas c. emphasis on drill and practice

Which competences are essential for a teacher to be an effective instructional decision maker? a. familiarity with children and the human developmental processes b. content command sufficient to distinguish peripheral from central ideas c. knowing how to create classroom environments that promote learning d. reliance on supervisory authority and unexamined previous practice e. awareness of societal expectations and events outside the classroom

a. familiarity with children and the human developmental processes b. content command sufficient to distinguish peripheral from central ideas c. knowing how to create classroom environments that promote learning e. awareness of societal expectations and events outside the classroom

In what ways do schools address dramatic social problems? a. hiring social workers to identify referral services b. coordinating flexible transportation options c. providing marriage counseling to divorcing parents d. serving both breakfast and lunch e. offering before- and after-school programs

a. hiring social workers to identify referral services b. coordinating flexible transportation options d. serving both breakfast and lunch e. offering before- and after-school programs

Which arrangements may schools provide for integrating technology into the curriculum? a. laptops and tablets b. home computer dependence c. smartphones d. concentrated computer lab e. classroom computer clusters

a. laptops and tablets c. smartphones d. concentrated computer lab e. classroom computer clusters

Which critical social issues directly influence students' classroom success? a. poverty and homelessness b. parents' work schedules c. neighborhood violence d. demographic population shifts e. alcohol and drug abuse

a. poverty and homelessness b. parents' work schedules c. neighborhood violence e. alcohol and drug abuse

In the case study of Carol Landis, what are her goals for her students' world geography projects? a. select a country to research b. work together in groups c. prepare a panel discussion d. give effective oral presentations e. compose a written report

a. select a country to research b. work together in groups c. prepare a panel discussion d. give effective oral presentations

Philip Jackson's study Life in Classrooms found that elementary school teachers act in which management roles? a. supply dispenser b. gatekeeper c. tutor d. timekeeper e. granter of special privileges

a. supply dispenser b. gatekeeper d. timekeeper e. granter of special privileges

What are the major goals of sex education? a. to reduce incidence of sexually transmitted diseases b. to prevent teenage pregnancies c. to promote a homosexual lifestyle d. to promote abstinence from sex outside of marriage e. to help teenagers become sexually healthy adults

a. to reduce incidence of sexually transmitted diseases b. to prevent teenage pregnancies d. to promote abstinence from sex outside of marriage e. to help teenagers become sexually healthy adults

A culturally literate person is someone who is aware of a culture's central ideas, stories, scientific knowledge, events, and personalities. a. true b. false

a. true

An interdisciplinary or integrated curriculum focuses on meaningful study in broad-based areas across subject disciplines. a. true b. false

a. true

Educators are legally obligated to report suspected cases of child abuse. a. true b. false

a. true

Ethics refers to a system or a code of morality embraced by a particular person or group. a. true b. false

a. true

Every public school in the United States is subject to the Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities Act, now part of the No Child Left Behind Act. a. true b. false

a. true

Social media is defined as a website or app that enables users to create and participate in online communities. a. true b. false

a. true

Socialization is defined as the task of passing a society's culture to the young. a. true b. false

a. true

What is the most common reason why people might have different definitions of "school"? a. No two schools are identically organized. b. Individual experiences affect one's conception of school. c. Political parties promote different visions of a good school. d. People believe there are good schools and bad schools.

b. Individual experiences affect one's conception of school.

How does a philosophy of education guide and support teachers? a. Teachers may change philosophy to accommodate administrative views. b. Philosophy is an expression of what is valued by the teacher. c. Teachers are technicians exempt from philosophical discussions. d. Philosophy serves as an engine of ideas responding to changing situations. e. Philosophy provides a moral compass for making ethical decisions.

b. Philosophy is an expression of what is valued by the teacher. d. Philosophy serves as an engine of ideas responding to changing situations. e. Philosophy provides a moral compass for making ethical decisions.

What is the most important aspect of the whole language reading approach? a. Students are not corrected when their written work contains invented spellings. b. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening relate to children's experiences. c. Phonemic awareness is the best instructional approach to decoding words. d. Phonics instruction teaches students to sound out words and phrases.

b. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening relate to children's experiences.

What impact does poverty have on a student's potential for success in schools? a. Educational systems are fair to children living in poverty. b. Schools often inadequately develop the talents and strengths of poor children. c. Teachers in poor schools typically grew up in similar neighborhoods. d. Schools often perpetuate a middle-class value system where few succeed.

b. Schools often inadequately develop the talents and strengths of poor children.

What are the important implications of the Supreme Court rulings in Pickering v. Board of Education (1968) and Scoville v. Board of Education (1970)? a. Tenured teachers are secure in maintaining their seniority. b. Teachers may criticize school administration as long as they don't interfere with school operation. c. Sexual orientation may provide grounds for teacher dismissal. d. Teachers may not make inflammatory remarks or use profanity in the classroom.

b. Teachers may criticize school administration as long as they don't interfere with school operation.

How has society changed as a result of advances in technology? a. Schools have easy access to all types of modern technology. b. Technology has become ubiquitous in virtually all aspects of living. c. Social media has little impact on people's daily lives. d. Ten percent of teenagers use social media to communicate.

b. Technology has become ubiquitous in virtually all aspects of living.

Which teacher attitudes should affect teaching behavior? a. attitudes toward political leaders b. attitudes toward the subject matter c. attitudes toward self d. attitudes toward children e. attitudes toward peers and parents

b. attitudes toward the subject matter c. attitudes toward self d. attitudes toward children e. attitudes toward peers and parents

Classroom teaching skills teachers believe are essential for teaching effectiveness include the capacity to: a. campaign for political candidates in their spare time. b. diagnose and monitor student learning difficulties. c. punish disruptive and unengaged students with time-out. d. embrace students' cultures to make learning relevant. e. plan instructional programs and student learning activities.

b. diagnose and monitor student learning difficulties. d. embrace students' cultures to make learning relevant. e. plan instructional programs and student learning activities.

An intrinsic reward associated with a career in teaching is: a. benefits. b. enjoyment of young people. c. salary. d. job security.

b. enjoyment of young people.

All teachers are required to take an ethical oath, similar to the Hippocratic oath for new doctors. a. true b. false

b. false

Computer applications classified as cognitive tools are designed to make learning easier. a. true b. false

b. false

The Supreme Court has declared corporal punishment in schools unconstitutional, making it illegal in all 50 states. a. true b. false

b. false

Understanding students and their backgrounds is less important to effective instructional decision making than knowledge of relevant learning standards. a. true b. false

b. false

According to studies cited in this chapter, the factor that is most consistently identified as important in educating middle school students is: a. attending to adolescents' self-esteem and interpersonal skills. b. focusing on reading and mathematics instruction. c. providing a rigorous disciplinary environment. d. preventing truancy and destructive behavior.

b. focusing on reading and mathematics instruction.

According to the chapter, an "effective" school: a. encourages citizenship and democratic traditions. b. graduates and sends all students to college. c. maximizes student learning. d. uses data systematically. e. achieves high test scores.

b. graduates and sends all students to college. c. maximizes student learning. d. uses data systematically. e. achieves high test scores.

Power is considered a reward of teaching because teachers: a. catch students unprepared. b. impact students' futures. c. earn high salaries. d. belong to unions.

b. impact students' futures.

Surveys show that most teachers perceive the most rewarding aspect of working with elementary school students as: a. sharing knowledge with children. b. influencing young children's lives. c. having time off in the summer. d. keeping young children interested.

b. influencing young children's lives.

Which approach describes helping students learn to participate in a culturally diverse, democratic society? a. exceptional studies b. multicultural education c. single-group studies d. cultural pluralism

b. multicultural education

Which term best describes a teacher's understanding of how disciplines are organized and how to adapt instruction for diverse learners? a. personal practical knowledge b. pedagogical content knowledge c. curricular topic engagement d. instructional program objectives

b. pedagogical content knowledge

"A well-educated person does not necessarily have a definite body of knowledge; rather, a well-educated person is able to function well in society and life." Which philosophical school of thought does this quotation represent? a. metaphysics b. progressivism c. essentialism d. perennialism

b. progressivism

Which term describes people who question the human capacity to ever really know the truths of existence? a. metaphysicians b. skeptics c. agnostics d. epistemologists

b. skeptics

What is the purpose of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)? a. to replace state standards with national ones b. to prepare all students for college and careers c. to test urban students and fire bad teachers d. to teach all students to read by third grade

b. to prepare all students for college and careers

What is considered a teacher's most valuable decision-making strategy? a. Rely on commonsense understanding and a theory-in-use. b. Use personal practical knowledge rather than educational theory. c. Apply educational principles and personal practical knowledge. d. Employ a theory-in-use and personal practical knowledge.

c. Apply educational principles and personal practical knowledge.

What is the most important reason why educators should be concerned about curriculum? a. Education should focus on transmission of the nation's moral heritage. b. Emphasis on science and mathematics ensures U.S. competitive advantage. c. Basic beliefs about what is most worth knowing are changing. d. The existing curriculum meets the needs of most American students.

c. Basic beliefs about what is most worth knowing are changing.

In what ways may classroom teachers discourage students from dropping out? a. Enforce a zero-tolerance policy. b. Assign less homework. c. Detect changes in students' work habits. d. Show care for and be interested in students. e. Provide academic support.

c. Detect changes in students' work habits. d. Show care for and be interested in students. e. Provide academic support.

Which law protects the right of all students with disabilities to a free, appropriate public education? a. Bilingual Education Act b. No Child Left Behind Act c. Education for All Handicapped Children Act d. Americans with Disabilities Act

c. Education for All Handicapped Children Act

What should be a priority for teachers of gifted students? a. Assistive technology should be made available. b. Homework assignments should be lengthened. c. Independent learning should be encouraged. d. Their IQ scores should drive instruction.

c. Independent learning should be encouraged.

Why is perennialism considered a teacher-centered educational philosophy? a. Mature learners question their beliefs without teacher guidance. b. Socratic dialogues move teachers to question students' truths. c. Teacher direction is necessary for development of the intellect. d. Teachers allow students to raise and answer their own questions.

c. Teacher direction is necessary for development of the intellect.

Which action may teachers take to meet the needs of culturally diverse students? a. Teachers should recognize that middle-class values clash with diversity. b. Teachers should recognize the academic deficiencies of diverse students. c. Teachers should find ways for all students to achieve academic success. d. All students should be taught to read and speak a foreign language.

c. Teachers should find ways for all students to achieve academic success.

What is the most important reason for teachers to address gender discrimination? a. Teachers pay more attention to girls than boys. b. Girls are more likely to select STEM-related careers than boys. c. Teachers should give both boys and girls the greatest chance for school success. d. Male teachers stereotypically treat girls differently than boys.

c. Teachers should give both boys and girls the greatest chance for school success.

Why do teachers feel they deserve high prestige and power? a. They replace parents in an important role. b. They earn a high salary and benefits. c. They exert influence on their students' lives. d. They enjoy exercising power over their students.

c. They exert influence on their students' lives.

How may teachers differentiate curriculum? a. teaching lessons to the whole class b. treating all students alike and equally c. adapting content, processes, and products to the student d. placing students into academic, general, and career education tracks

c. adapting content, processes, and products to the student

Preparing students for college and careers is an educational goal that emphasizes the: a. political purposes of schooling. b. social purposes of schooling. c. economic purposes of schooling. d. intellectual purposes of schooling.

c. economic purposes of schooling.

Those who view schools as agencies of social reconstruction would most likely: a. acculturate immigrants by conducting classes in English. b. transmit values of the dominant culture. c. emphasize critical thinking and democratic participation. d. emphasize study of the "great books."

c. emphasize critical thinking and democratic participation.

Experiential knowledge of teaching as a career can be expanded through: a. listening to stories about children. b. reading books about schools. c. engaging in real encounters with children. d. watching films and videos.

c. engaging in real encounters with children.

Which is an example of a common extrinsic reward for teachers? a. high salary b. desire to share knowledge c. flexible schedule and summer vacations d. positive influence on students

c. flexible schedule and summer vacations

Preparing the young for adulthood through imitation is considered: a. a confirmation ceremony. b. traditional culture. c. informal education. d. schooling.

c. informal education.

"The curriculum represents what the community believes is most worth knowing" would most likely be attributed to which philosophy? a. logic b. axiology c. metaphysics d. epistemology

c. metaphysics

A good source of real experience for those who are considering teaching as a career is: a. reading Goodbye, Mr. Chips and other stories about teaching. b. interacting with people in a retail business. c. working as a teacher's assistant. d. watching Freedom Writers and Dead Poets Society.

c. working as a teacher's assistant.

What is the correct statement about students who are English language learners (ELLs)? a. Most ELLs are non-U.S. citizens born outside the United States. b. ELLs are mostly refugees from other countries. c. Most ELLs have teachers trained in bilingual education. d. ELLs represent 10 percent of all students in American schools.

d. ELLs represent 10 percent of all students in American schools.

What does the case study of Fred Harvey, Curriculum II history teacher, best illustrate? a. Students complain about being pushed too hard. b. Teachers give up on students who exhibit poor behavior. c. School is hypocritical, and all students are not afraid to point out hypocrisies. d. Effective teachers are committed to high-quality education for all students.

d. Effective teachers are committed to high-quality education for all students.

Why are schools considered cultures? a. Individuals are grouped according to similar characteristics. b. Individuals enforce political correctness. c. Individuals use the same language. d. Individuals share beliefs, values, and traditions.

d. Individuals share beliefs, values, and traditions.

What is known as "the nation's report card"? a. Common Core State Standards in English language arts and mathematics b. Congressional reports to constituents c. Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) assessments d. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments

d. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments

Which term best describes concrete written codifications of moral obligations? a. ethics b. rights c. responsibilities d. laws

d. laws

When asked to select which profession provides the most benefit to society, the public selected: a. politicians. b. physicians. c. lawyers. d. teachers

d. teachers.

What do most teachers offer as their main reason for becoming a teacher? a. service to the greater society b. education's value to society c. an interest in sharing knowledge of a subject d. the desire to work with young people

d. the desire to work with young people