EEMB 3 Animals

. Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? (A) Cnidaria (B) Platyhelminthes (C) Arthropoda (D) Mollusca

(A) Cnidaria

One of the characteristics unique to animals is (A) gastrulation. (B) multicellularity. (C) sexual reproduction. (D) flagellated sperm.

(A) gastrulation.

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first? (A) reduced jawbones (B) an enlarged brain (C) the making of stone tools (D) bipedal locomotion

(A) reduced jawbones

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? (A) Echinodermata—bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelomate (B) Nematoda—roundworms, pseudocoelomate (C) Platyhelminthes—flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate (D) Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelomat

(B) Nematoda—roundworms, pseudocoelomate

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods? (A) a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates (B) an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages (C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins (D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes

(B) an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages

Which clade does not include humans? (A) synapsids (B) lobe-fins (C) diapsids (D) osteichthyans

(C) diapsids

A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share (A) a mantle. (B) a radula. (C) gills. (D) distinct cephalization

(C) gills.

The water vascular system of echinoderms (A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells. (B) functions in locomotion and feeding. (C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical. (D) moves water through the animal's body during filter feeding

(C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical.

. Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials (A) lack nipples. (B) have some embryonic development outside the uterus. (C) lay eggs. (D) are found in Australia and Africa

(C) lay eggs.

Vertebrates and tunicates share (A) jaws adapted for feeding. (B) a high degree of cephalization. (C) an endoskeleton that includes a skull. (D) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

(D) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

Living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. Select the appropriate pair. (A) the chordates and the tetrapods (B) the urochordates and the cephalochordates (C) the cyclostomes and the gnathostomes (D) the marsupials and the eutherian

(D) the marsupials and the eutherian

Which of the following was probably the least important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion? (A) the emergence of predator-prey relationships (B) an increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen (C) the movement of animals onto land (D) the origin of Hox genes

(D) the origin of Hox genes

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of (A) a body cavity. (B) a complete digestive tract. (C) mesoderm. (D) tissues

(D) tissues

What is the main difference between the Lophotrochozoa and the Ecdysozoa? a. All Lophotrochozoa have complete digestive systems, but the Ecdysozoa do not. b. Lophotrochozoa are not all bilatarians, but Ecdysozoa are all bilaterians. c. Lophotrochozoa do not develop a structure that they molt during growth, while Ecdysozoans all molt an exterior structure during growth. d. Lophotrochozoa all have closed circulatory systems, but Ecdysozoa all have open circulatory systems e. Lophotrochozoa are protostomes while Ecdysozoa are deuterostomes

Lophotrochozoa do not develop a structure that they molt during growth, while Ecdysozoans all molt an exterior structure during growth.

he principal reason we consider tunicates similar to the ancestor of all chordates is that Select one: a.tunicate larvae possess the synapomorphies of adult chordates and thus reveal close evolutionary relationships with chordates. b.tunicate adults are very similar to the ancestors of cephalochordates and vertebrates. c.tunicates have a lophophore-style mouth. d.the body plan of adult tunicates parallels that of chordates. e.tunicate larvae are primitive in all of their features

a.tunicate larvae possess the synapomorphies of adult chordates and thus reveal close evolutionary relationships with chordates.

Which of the following organisms show increased mobility because of the presence of a notochord. a. adult amphibians b. adult hemichordates c. larval amphibians d. adult bony fishes e.adult tunicates

adult amphibians larval amphibians adult bony fishes

mesoderm

all molluscs

extinct cephalopod that is closely related to cuttlefish

ammonite

Differences between Annelids and Molluscs

annelids show segmentation, large true coelom for locomtion, lack CaCO3 shell

Which of the following is not characteristic of the body plan of members of the phylum Porifera? Select one: a.No distinct tissue layers or organs b.Gastrovascular cavity c.Organization around a water canal system d.No separation between the different cell layers e.Asymmetr

b.Gastrovascular cavity

The main characteristic that determines whether an arthropod is a crustacean instead of another arthropod group is the BLANK appendages or limbs.

biamous

Lack sephalization

bivalves

filter feeder, gills, no true head, flattened body, reduced sensory modalities

bivalves

Which of the following traits is not shared by all animals? Select one: a.Similarities in their small-subunit ribosomal RNAs b.A common set of extracellular matrix molecules c.A complete gut d.Similarities in their Hox genes e.Special types of cellcell junctions

c.A complete gut

Which of the following statements concerning nematocysts is true? Select one: a.They are excretory cells in Porifera. b.They are ciliated cells in Porifera. c.They are organelles used in the capture of prey by cnidarians. d.They are reproductive cells in cnidarians. e.They are excretory organs in Platyhelminthes

c.They are organelles used in the capture of prey by cnidarians

2-part shell controlled with adductor muscles

cephalopods

closed circulatory system

cephalopods

soft-bodied with a beak, a closed circulatory system and a copper-containing protein to binding and transport oxygen through three hearts.

cephalopods

chelicerata body plan

cephalothroax and abdomen, 4 walking legs, book lungs

spiders and horseshoe crabs belong to subphylum

chelicerata

hard, segmented, metameric body with venomous bite and 1 pair of legs per segment, but an overall odd number of legs

chilipods

exoskeleton composition

chitin

8 overlapping plates, rocky intertidal habitat

chitons

8 plated shell

chitons

What molluscs characteristic is an advancement over flatworms

circulatory system, complete gut

Which characteristics do Annelids share with Molluscs

circulatory system, complete gut, mesoderm

Radial symmetry

cnidaria

corals

cnidaria

diploblastic

cnidaria

medus

cnidaria

nematocysts

cnidaria

eumetazoa

cnidaria, platyhelminthes, rotifers

nervous system

cnidaria, platyhelminthes, rotifers

characteristic of the protists sister group of the metazoa

colonial organization

Which feature does not characterize animals in the phylum Echinodermata? Select one: a.Presence of a water vascular system b.A network of water-filled canals leading to tube feet c.Bilaterally symmetric larvae d.An external skeleton of chitin e.An internal skeleton of calcified plates

d.An external skeleton of chitin

In free-living flatworms, which of the following functions occurs by simple diffusion? Select one: a.Respiration b.Absorption of nutrients c.Excretion d.Distribution of nutrients within the body e.All of the above

e.All of the above

In what way does the phylum Platyhelminthes differ from the phylum Cnidaria? Select one: a.Platyhelminthes have an excretory system whereas cnidarians do not. b.Platyhelminthes are radially symmetrical, whereas cnidarians are bilaterally symmetrical. c.Platyhelminthes are diploblastic, whereas cnidarians are triploblastic. d.Platyhelminthes have two openings to the gastrovascular cavity, whereas cnidarians have only one. e.Platyhelminthes have more complex internal organs than cnidarians do.

e.Platyhelminthes have more complex internal organs than cnidarians do

soft-bodied with muscular foot, a radula and a body that undergoes torsion during development.

gastropods

provide direct species value as a food source

gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods

fully terrestrial crustaceans

isopods

Reacent sponges are not classified as Eumetazoa

lack of true tissue layers

what characteristics do molluscs and flatworms share?

mesoderm

characteristic of all metazoa

monophyletic

molting a cuticle made of a collagen-like protein matrix

nematodes

nerve net

none of the molluscs

radial symmetry

none of the molluscs

muscular foot, bright coloration, external gills as a "tuft" on their backs, both pelagic and intertidal species

nudibranch

soft, segmented, metameric body with a closed circulatory system and 1 pair of chitinous setae per segment

oligochaetes

important human parasites

platyhelminthes

biltaeral symmetry

platyhelminthes and rotifers

cephalization (head region)

platyhelminthes and rotifers

triploblastic

platyhelminthes and rotifers

complete gut

rotifers

muscular foot divided into tentacles, chromatophores that allow color change, well developed head, ink sacks for distracting predators

squid

hexapod land adaptation

trachea, spiracles, malpighian tubules

coral mustalistic symbiotic relationship with

zooxanthellae

Which of the following supports the hypothesis that modern-day choanoflagellates and humans share a common ancestor? Select one: a. Collar cells have been found in bacteria b. None of the above c. Collar cells have been found in fungi d. An individual choanoflagellate looks a lot like the collar cells found in sponges

An individual choanoflagellate looks a lot like the collar cells found in sponges

Corals belong to what phylum and class

Cnidaria, Anthozoa

All Ecdysozoans have a chitinous exoskeleton. Select one: True False

False

All Lophotrochozoans have a true coelom. Select one: True False

False

All mammals nurse their young using breasts or tits. Select one: True False

False

Ancestral ray-finned fish gave rise to the tetrapod group. Select one: True False

False

Some members of the ancestral lobe-finned fish were the first animals to colonize land. Select one: True False

False

Sponges share true tissues and symmetry with the rest of the animals. Select one: True False

False

metazoa

Sponges, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Rotifers

All Ecdysozoans molt at some stage of their lifecycle. Select one: True False

True

All lophotrochozoans have bilaterial symmetry at some point of their life-cycle. Select one: True False

True

All mammals produce milk Select one: True False

True

Incapable of carrying out metabolic processes, most abundant organisms foun in the ocean

Viruses

Which phylum or phyla contains animals with no digestive tract? Select one: a.Porifera and Cnidaria b.Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes c.Porifera

a.Porifera and Cnidaria

The terms "acoelomate," "pseudocoelomate," and "coelomate" are used to describe Select one: a.the body cavity of animals. b.ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. c.origin of the blastopore. d.cephalization. e.the vertebrate body plan.

a.the body cavity of animals.

possible indirect species value provided by sponges

ability to filter/purify water

circulatory system

all molluscs

complete gut

all molluscs

segmented body that may modify its appendages in each instar

arthropods

Which two traits have not changed once they have developed in ancestral species? In other words, which two traits have we not observed to appear in an ancestral group and then disappear in some "later" groups? a. organ systems (complete digestive, nervous, excretory systems) b. stomatic character (protostome vs deuterostome) c. symmetry (amorphous, radial, bilateral) d. cephalization (true head, or separated head region) e. coelom (acoelomatic, pseudocoelomatic, eucoelomatic)

b. stomatic character (protostome vs deuterostome) c. symmetry (amorphous, radial, bilateral)

Which of the following phyla has a water vascular system? Select one: a.Hemichordata b.Echinodermata c.Mollusca d.Annelida e.Chordata

b.Echinodermata

Sponges possess feeding cells and structural parts that are called Select one: a.archaeocytes and spicules b.choanocytes and spicules. c.porocytes and choanocytes.

b.choanocytes and spicules.

Which of the following is not unique to all members of the phylum Chordata? Select one: a.A ventral heart b.A hollow dorsal nerve cord c.Vertebrae d.A notochord e.A tail that extends beyond the anus

c.Vertebrae

abudant planktonic cyclers of carbon in ocean, unusual sessile form

copepods

Crustaceans include

decapods

All arthropods are characterized by a hard segmented

exoskeleton

spiral shell, operculum, lungs, head and anus next to each other.

garden snail

hexapod named after

jointed leg

Cnidarian characteristics

lack of cephalization, ,nerve net, radial symmetry

copepods

nauplius larvae, biramous appendages, 3 part body plan, carapace

true muscles dervied from mesoderm

platyhelminthes and rotifers

possible direct species value provided by sponges

source of cancer drugs

choanocytes

sponges