EGEE Midterm Exam 1 Review

How many ranks of coal are there?

4

How long is oil currently expected to last?

50 years

Laptop

Electrical to light/sound

Where does coal come from?

Swamps buried millions of years ago

Which sector uses the most of petroleum?

Transportation

What is the biggest use of energy in a home?

heating and air conditioning

Which is the cleanest burning fossil fuel (least carbon dioxide)?

natural gas

At $260/ton, what is the price of coal per MMBTU?

$10

At $58/bbl, what is the price of oil per MMBTU?

$10

At $52/ton, what is the price of coal per MMBTU?

$2

What energy growth rate per year would increase world energy use by 400% (2 doubling periods) in 80 years?

1.7% per year

Match the fossil fuels with their projected lifetimes at current rates of consumption and prices.

283 years- Coal 53 years-Petroleum 86 years-Natural gas

A power plant converts 100 kJ of coal into 30 kJ of electrical energy. What is the efficiency?

30%

In 2019 the U.S. used 100.2 quads of energy out of which 67.5 quads were rejected energy. What is the US energy efficiency?

32%

How much of the transportation sector is fueled by petroleum?

92%

Which has more kinetic energy?

A car moving at 120 mph across the Bonneville Salt Flats

Which has more nuclear energy?

An atomic bomb in a silo in North Dakota

What transformation occurs in a lawn mower?

Chemical to kinetic/mechanical

What does methane smell like?

It is oderless. The smell is an additive.

Which coal rank has the lowest carbon content?

Lignite

Which are the properties of good crude oil?

Low viscosity, low density

What transformation occurs in the Sun?

Nuclear to radiation

Which series goes from least energetic to most?

Radio < infrared < ultraviolet < x-rays

Which is not a surface mining method?

Slope mining

What do you think "embedded" energy is?

The energy that goes into making something.

There are 100 tons of coal and 10 consumers who each want 10 tons. If a consumer leaves the market, what happens to the price of coal?

The price of coal goes down

There are 100 tons of coal and 10 consumers who each want 10 tons. If an additional consumer enters the market and wants 10 tons of coal, what happens to the price of coal?

The price of coal goes up

Tar sands require additional processes to separate bitumen and sand before the refining process.

True

Approximately how many people do you think die in coal mines each year in the US?

tens

What is the main use of petroleum?

transportation

Which is the property of good crude oil?

very low Sulphur

At $3/MCF, what is the price of natural gas per MMBTU?

$3

Some outdoor security lights are kept on overnight - 9 hours. They use 192 watts of power (figure out how much energy do they consume). If electricity costs $.10 per kilowatt hour, what is the electricity cost for these lights? Please include two decimal places in your answer.

0.17

A power plant consumes 100 MJ of Energy, of which only 24 MJ are wasted heat. What is the efficiency?

0.76

Rank the following by their power output, from highest to lowest.

1 Boeing 777 jet engine at full throttle (75 Megawatts) 2 Central Pennsylvania gasoline station in problem 1 3 Electrical power production of the country of Togo in West Africa (10 MW) 4 Diesel railroad locomotive (3 MW)

Rank the three fossil fuels in order based on the amount of CO2 they produce per pound of fuel burned.

1 Coal 2 Petroleum 3 Natural gas

The Penn State natural gas plant produces 7 MW of power. If it runs at 70% efficiency and has 7MW Power output, what is the rate of energy input?

10 MW

A wind turbine costs $10 million to construct and generates $1 million worth of electricity per year. When has the wind turbine paid for itself (what is the pay-back period)?

10 Years

Kevin wants to use less fossil fuel by purchasing an electric vehicle. EV's are currently about 50% efficient. The grid is about 20% efficient and Kevin's EV is about 50% efficient. What is the total efficiency of this process?

10%

From the power plant, it took 100 kJ of coal to produce the 15 kJ of useful energy in your home. What is the total efficiency?

15%

If you have 200 lbs of coal in your shed and you burn 1 lb a day, how long will it last?

200 days

This convenience store and filling station supplies 16,148 gallons of gasoline per day to central Pennsylvania residents. How many megawatts of chemical energy is this station putting out over the course of the day? Each gallon of gasoline contains 125,000 BTUs, each BTU/minute equals 17.58 watts.

24.64

What is the ash yield if the weight of the ash remaining is 25 grams and weight of the pre-combustion sample is 100 grams?

25%

Kevin wants to use less fossil fuel by purchasing an electric vehicle. EV's are currently about 50% efficient. Gasoline engines are about 25% efficient. What is better for Kevin's wallet and for the environment?

25% overall efficient use of gasoline

This convenience store and filling station supplies 23,922 gallons of gasoline per day to central Pennsylvania residents. How many megawatts of chemical energy is this station putting out over the course of the day? Each gallon of gasoline contains 125,000 BTUs, each BTU/minute equals 17.58 watts.

36.5

What is the weight percent of fixed carbon if moisture = 3 wt. %, volatile matter = 37 wt. %, and ash = 10 wt. %?

50%

Your home converts 30 kJ of electrical energy into 15 kJ of useful energy (heat, electric) and 15 kJ of wasted energy. What is your home's efficiency?

50%

If Penn State's power generation is 70% efficient and campus efficiency (dorms, labs, lecture halls) is raised from 50% to 90%, what is the new process efficiency?

63%

Through a combination of fertility rate and decreased poverty levels, a population's energy use is growing exponentially 1% per year. How many years until the energy use doubles?

69.3 years

The Penn State natural gas plant produces 7 MW of power. Part 2: What if Penn State could successfully reuse 1/3rd of the remaining rejected heat...what is the new process efficiency?

80%

Which has more potential energy?

A cubic mile of water (a lake) behind a 300 ft tall dam

Choose the answer that lists the correct sequence of steps in the process of turning a fuel into electricity that is available in your home.

A fuel is burned in a boiler. Water absorbs heat and boils into steam. High-pressure steam is directed through a turbine, causing it to spin. A turbine spins an electric generator, pushing electrons through wires. A step-up transformer reduces the current and raises the voltage. High-voltage power lines distribute the electric power to distant locations. A step-down transformer reduces the voltage and raises the current.

Chose the answer that lists the electromagnetic wave radiant energy forms in order, from longest wavelength to shortest, from lowest frequency to highest.

AM radio, microwave oven, heat from a person or pet, incandescent light bulb, UV - black light, dental X rays, gamma rays from a radioactive element

Which has more chemical energy?

An oil tanker moored at a terminal

Match each fuel with its associated air pollutants.

Ash, particulates, Sulfur Oxides, mercury, carbon monoxide-Coal Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds-Petroleum Nitrogen Oxides-Natural gas

The hot coffee heats the mug which heats my hands which are holding the mug. What method of heat transfer is it?

Conduction

Match the scenario with the conversion between energy forms involved.

Electrical to Chemical A cell phone is plugged in overnight and its battery is recharged. Kinetic to Potential A power company pumps water from a river up into a mountain lake. Chemical to Heat I eat a bagel and fall asleep for nine hours. Heat to Chemical A lab attendant cooks up a batch of a chemical compound. Potential to Kinetic A bowling ball descends from the top of the back-swing and contacts the floor smoothly. Chemical to Electrical A battery supplies the electricity to spin the motor in an electric toothbrush. Kinetic to Electrical The spinning armature in a generator pushes electrons through a wire. Kinetic to Heat The pads in a car's disk brakes slow the car and get hot. Heat to Kinetic Very hot, high pressure steam spins a turbine. Radiant to Chemical A plant's leaf makes sugar in the afternoon. Heat to Radiant A star shines in space.

What is the largest use for carbon dioxide emissions we are capturing today?

Enhanced oil recovery

Traditional methods are used to extract unconventional oil.

False

Heat energy spontaneously migrates from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature. Match each method of heat transfer with its description.

Heat flows from warmer to cooler by contact between the materials. The hot coffee heats the mug which heats my hands which are holding the mug. Conduction Heat flows from one place to another because the heated material itself moves. The warm winds blow and heat from the tropics ends up in Pennsylvania. Convection An object loses heat to the environment via electromagnetic waves. The wavelength of these waves is determined by the temperature of the object, with cooler objects giving off longer wavelengths. Radiation

Which is not an underground mining method?

Highwall mining

How does oil reside in the ground?

In porous rocks, like water in a sponge

A ball of mass 2 kg is placed at position A at a height of 50 m from the ground. The initial velocity is 0 m/s. If the ball starts rolling down an inclined plane, what are the potential and kinetic energies at positions A, B, C and D in Joules assuming that the ball does not experience any frictional force (total mechanical energy does not change)? Please use 9.8 m/s2 for the gravitational constant when calculating potential energy. The heights of positions A, B, C, and D are listed below:

Potential @ A 980 Kinetic @ A 0 Potential @ B 490 Kinetic @ B 490 Potential @ C 490 Kinetic @ C 490 Potential @ D 0 Kinetic @ D 980 What is the velocity of the ball in meters per second when it reaches point B or C (round to the nearest whole number)? 22

Match each of the basic types of energy with its definition.

The energy of moving things Kinetic Energy The energy an object has due to its position Potential Energy The energy released when atomic nuclei split or fuse Nuclear The energy of heat or temperature Thermal Energy transmitted via electromagnetic waves Radiant Energy stored in the bonds between atoms Chemical The energy of flowing electrons Electrical

Which coal rank has the highest heating value?

anthracite

Kevin lives next to a power plant that burns coal. He wants to be more green, so he buys an electric car that he can plug into his home electricity. What is powering Kevin's car?

coal

Kevin wants to use less fossil fuel by purchasing an electric vehicle. EV's are currently about 50% efficient. The power in Kevin's neighborhood comes from a coal-fired power plant. When Kevin plugs his EV in at night, what is powering his car?

coal

What did coal provide the developed world during the Industrial Revolution?

heat and health problems electricity and pollution jobs and job related deaths

Where do you think coal comes from?

humic swamps millions of years ago

Where does oil (petroleum) come from?

it is stored in porous rock that is similar to a hard sponge filled with liquid

Which of the following are units of energy? Check all that qualify.

joule BTU kilowatt hour Calorie

Kevin lives next to a coal fired power plant. He wants to be greener, so he buys an electric vehicle, which he charges with his home's electricity. Is Kevin helping the environment?

vNo, the process efficiency and carbonized power grid make Kevin's EV dirtier than an IC (internal combustion) vehicle.

Which of the following are units of power? Check all that qualify.

watt horsepower