Ego Depletion & Emotional Exhaustion

Job, Dweck, & Walton (2010)

Argues and finds that ego depletion may be a mental construct, such that individuals who hold a limited perception of willpower are those who will experience ego depletion. Argues for implicit theories of self-control, and that those who believe that self-control is limited will run out of self-control resources (but not the other way around)

Elsbach & Hardagon (2006)

Argues that in order to maximize creativity (or any mindful work), regular periods of mindlessness should be incorporated into the work day in order to allow employees to "recharge." Mindless tasks should be included in the day. Could tie in with Hackman & Oldham's job design concept of task variety, such that constant mindful tasks offer less variety.

Johnson, Barnes, & Lanaj (2014)

Using an ESM sample, finds that PJ behaviors are resource-draining for those who engage in them, but interpersonal justice behaviors are replenishing. Depletion then mediates the effect of PJ on OCB from actors.

Burger (1989)

Argues that, in certain situations, increases in personal control may actually be undesirable for individuals. Increases in personal control may increase concern for self-presentation, may change the perceived likelihood of obtaining desired outcomes, and may change perceived predictability of situations. Under certain circumstances, each of these may lead to negative rather than positive reactions to increased control. TAKEAWAY: increases in perceived control may not always be positive for individuals

Yam, Chen, & Reynolds (2014)

Examines the social consensus of unethical behavior as a moderator of the effects of ego depletion on unethical behavior. Finds that ego depleted individuals are more likely to engage in low social-consensus unethical behavior (behaviors that may not have high agreement on their lack of ethicality), but are less likely to engage in high social-consensus unethical behaviors (it is assumed that violating social norms takes more energy/is more draining on resources that the individual does not have - hence, they avoid such behaviors when ego depleted)

Baumeister, Bratlavsky, Muraven, & Tice (1998)

Foundational ego depletion citation. Argues and finds that choice, active response, self-regulation, and general volition draw on a common inner resource. Engaging in self-control drains this resource, leaving one open to weakened self-control later (ego depletion).

Bandura (1991)

Foundational self-regulation citation. The major self-regulative mechanism operates through three principal functions: self-monitoring of one's behavior, judgment of one's behavior relative to standards, and self-reaction/censuring. Self-efficacy plays a key role in self-regulation (affects choices of goals, affects standards, affects attributions for failure). This system can also apply to moral decisions/violations of moral standards.

Hagger, Wood, Stiff, & Chatzisarantis (2010)

Meta of ego depletion. Finds meta-analytic support for ego depletion (it has effects on effort, perceived task difficulty, negative affect, subjective fatigue, and blood glucose levels. Finds that intertask interim period was a moderator - suggesting support for the strength model of ego depletion

Muraven, Tice, & Baumeister (1998)

Views ego depletion from a strength-based approach, indicating that ego depletion leads to depleted resources that can be replenished either with time or some other action/behavior. But this paper does not test this assumption of replenishment or temporary depletion. Instead offers evidence that engaging in self-control behaviors led to resource depletion and commensurate subsequent behaviors (e.g. lower effort on subsequent tasks)