EH 3

(Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789) The passage undermines what commonly help European view of African slaves?

Africans were inferior to whiles and unable to develop higher skills like reading and writing

The Industrial Revolution came first to _________

Britain

Which philosophe is credited with a profound effect on the constitutional form of liberal democracies (with separated branches of government) for more than 2 centuries?

Charles de Montesquieu

(Jean Colbert, French Finance Minister, Dissertation on Alliances, 1669) How did the system of world trade in the 17th and 18th Centuries affect the European inhabitants of New World colonies?

Colonial people sought to trade with each other, often regardless of home country restrictions on such trade.

(Diderot's Encyclopedia) In the foreground, a man steers a high-wheeled horse-drawn low, while a woman operates a hopper device to sow seeds. What historical evidence supports the contention that the image was not a scene from mid-18th C England?

English farmland would most likely show enclosures.

Now I hear the cry from all sides: "Do not argue!" ... only one ruler in the world says, "Argue as much as you p lease, but obey. (Excerpt from a late-18th C writer from a west European state) A ruler who lived by the doctrine of "argue as much as you please, but obey!" would most likely be a practitioner of __________________

Enlightened Absolutism

(The Cake of Kings," 1773 Engraving) What was the principal reason for the changes depicted in the images?

Exploitation of a weaker state by stronger states

In what sense was the war associated with the American Revolution a continuation of the Seven Years' War?

France allied with the American colonists because of their commitment to the ideals of the Enlightenment.

Now I hear the cry from all sides: "Do not argue!" ... only one ruler in the world says, "Argue as much as you p lease, but obey. (Excerpt from a late-18th C writer from a west European state) The reference to "Only one ruler in the world" is most likely a reference to _____________________

Frederick the Great of Prussia

Now I hear the cry from all sides: "Do not argue!" ... only one ruler in the world says, "Argue as much as you p lease, but obey. (Excerpt from a late-18th C writer from a west European state) Who is the most likely source of the excerpt?

Immanuel Kant

Jean-Antoine Watteau, The Music Party (1718) What characteristics make this work part of the Rococo style of the early 18th C?

It depicts an aristocratic family engages in leisure activities.

What claim about the Seven Years' War is correct?

It was the greatest of the European wars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and thus could be classified as a "world war."

(Voltaire Poem on the Lisbon Disaster, or "An Examination of that Axiom "all is Well," 1755) Which Enlightenment-era thinker would have most likely expressed disagreement with Voltaire's poem?

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

Of the following, where would discussion of scientific or Enlightenment-era ideas most likely be found?

London Coffeehouses

What irony accompanied the dissemination of Enlightenment throughout during the 18th Century

Much of the wealth that supported and sustained the Enlightenment was derived from trade based at least, in part, on slavery.

Jean-Antoine Watteau, The Music Party (1718) The Rococo style of this period gave way to an artistic reaction known as ________________

Neoclassicism

Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light?

Rococo

(Diderot's Encyclopedia) In the foreground, a man steers a high-wheeled horse-drawn low, while a woman operates a hopper device to sow seeds. In what way did rural, agricultural family life impeded the adoption of innovative practices associated with what became known as the Agricultural Revolution?

Rural families were focused on maintaining a stable food supply and resisted changes that might threaten it.

The spinning Jenny, 1765 What other mid-18th C and early-19 C development cam alongside improvements in productivity?

Sanitation and Drinking water improved.

(Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789) In what way did slavery and the transatlantic slave trade contribute to changes in the European economy?

Slavery increased production of certain commodities, like sugar, coffee and tea, which in turn generated a consumer economy in Europe.

What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?

Textiles

The spinning Jenny, 1765 What type of production became obsolete as a result of changes after 1765?

The "putting out" or domestic system.

(Agricultural techniques are illustrated in this plate from Diderot's Encyclopedia) In the foreground, a man steers a high-wheeled horse-drawn low, while a woman operates a hopper device to sow seeds. What is the best explanation for the appearance of this image in Diderot's Enclyclopedia?

The Encyclopedia strove to document innovations that later became known as the Agricultural Revolution

The Seven Years' War was preceded by numerous other general European wars. What best explains the role played by the European concept of "balance of power"?

The conflicts arose primarily because of a religious schism between the major powers with Protestants on one side and Catholics on the other.

(The Cake of Kings," 1773 Engraving) What development is portrayed in both the map and the engraving?

The partitions of Poland

What was one of the most important causes that drove European nations to increase their taxes in the mid-18th C?

They had to pay off their war debts from prolonged wars

(Agricultural techniques are illustrated in this plate from Diderot's Encyclopedia) In the foreground, a man steers a high-wheeled horse-drawn low, while a woman operates a hopper device to sow seeds. Which statement about European women by the middle of the 18th C is supported by the image?

Women were an integral part of a "family economy."

In which arena would women be most likely to participate in discussion of Enlightenment ideas or science?

a Parisian salon

(Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789) The description in the passage suggests that slavery bin the Atlantic world of the 18th C was ________________

a well-developed, organized and extensive system of forced labor

(Voltaire Poem on the Lisbon Disaster, or "An Examination of that Axiom "all is Well," 1755) Voltaire's reaction to this event has often been characterized as ____________

deism

Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catherine II made "enlightened" reforms part of their drive to ___________

increase revenues and gain political power

In the 1700s, the middle classes were distinguished from the nobility by __________________

inherited privilege

Deism reflected Enlightenment intellectual currents in ____________

its rational approach

(Jean Colbert, French Finance Minister, Dissertation on Alliances, 1669) What feature of European history in this period is being described?

mercantilism

(The Seven Years' War 1756-1783) The Seven Years' War was important in the European balance of power because it

occasioned a diplomatic "revolution" that aligned Great Britain with Prussia and France with Austria

The issue most relevant to physiocrats was ___________

property rights

Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country, and in turn, the home country was to _______________

protect and administer the colonies

The steam engine was revolutionary because it _________

provided a virtually unlimited source of power

The term "Old Regime" has come to refer to the ______________

social, political, and economic relationships in Europe just prior to the French Revolution

(Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789) Of the following, what commodity did more to entrench the institution of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade than any other?

sugar

(Jean Colbert, French Finance Minister, Dissertation on Alliances, 1669) What was the consequence for international relations of the system described in Colbert's Dissertation?

tariff protection and other discriminatory trade practices that facilitated mistrust, competition and war

The spinning Jenny, 1765 The Spinning Jenny resulted in major changes in ____________

textile manufacturing

Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert are best known for their great work: ______________________

the Encyclopedia

The heart of the 18th Century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________________

the West Indies

Maria Theresa's great achievement was ___________

the preservation of the Hapsburg Empire as a major political power