EH test 3 pt 2

In dry climates in the western U.S., the major use of water is for

landscapes

which of the following is not an example of an incidental additive?

vitamins to improve nutrition

an microbial agent that can survive processing by water treatment plant is:

- Giardia intestinalis - Cryptosporidium parvum

give examples of pesticides that have caused food-associated poisoning. to what extent can these poisoning be prevented>

- aldicarb poisoning 1985: solid green watermelon, can be prevented by using a different pesticide on melon that is GRAS - endrin: taquitos, can be prevented by keeping product safe and free from contamination during the growing, processing, and distributing.

effects of beach and coastal pollution

- algal bloom - fish kill under anoxic condition - exposure to waterborne diseases - beach advisories and closings

name three acts or/and amendments that regulate food safety in the US. describe their purposes and the types of foods and competes of foods to which they apply.

- food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938: prohibited the sale of foods considered misbranded or adulterated, brought medical and cosmetic devices under control, mandates pre-market approval of new drugs, and enforces food standards - food additives amendment of 1958: includes food additives and chemicals that could come into contact, must demonstrate safety of food add. to FDA - food quality protection act (FQPA) of 1996: prohibited the application of any pesticide that might appear in foods and cause even a minimal risk of cancer, standard: substance could not cause a lifetime incidence of more than one case per 1 million exposed persons

describe how ground-level ozone can be harmful to our health while ozone in the upper stratosphere play an important role in protecting our health.

- on the ground-level, ozone can be harmful to our health by causing adverse affects including respiratory difficulties, such as lung function, exacerbation of allergic respiratory disease, local irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and reduction of ability to fight off colds - in the upper stratosphere, ozone shields earth from harmful UV rays that have the potential to cause cancer.

Why has bottled water garnered favor in recent years? To what extent is bottled water safer than tap water? What safeguards are in place to protect the quality of bottled water?

- the growing public acceptance of bottled water may be the result of taste and health concerns, where water supply is unavailable - bottled water is safer than tap water when living in communities that fluoridate water (increased risk of tooth decay) - bottled water is not regulated by the EPA, and may contain higher bacteria counts, but additional treatment is done to the water using carbon filtration and other methods.

naturally occurring sources of air pollution include:

- volcanic eruptions - organic materials from plants - salt evaporation - windstorms

describe three methods for the control of greenhouse gases. which method, if any, is likely to be the most effective?

1. Copenhagen accord: 115 nations, aimed to reign in carbon emissions and cope with climate change, global temp should be kept below 2ºC, not legally binding and was opposed 2. the Kyoto protocol: 141 nations, international treaty that addressed climate change in 1997 Kyoto, Japan. it was a legally binding commitment, required developed countries to reduce their emissions by a targeted amount, but the US and AUS have not signed 3. the Paris agreement: 195 countries signed a legally binding agreement that aimed to keep the temperature below 2ºC, limit rising temps, report their progress, and trump pulled the US out in 2017 if any were likely to be effective it would be the Paris agreement; it had the most amount of participants and was the most detailed

improperly vented indoor cooking stoves can

ALL OF THE ABOVE (Impair the health of the elderly, Expose women to high pollution levels, Cause indoor air pollution in developing countries,Expose infants to indoor air pollution)

which of the following facts about the Kyoto protocol is true

ATA - Legally binding compact initiated in 1997 - Developed countries are required to reduce emissions by target amounts - As of February 2005, 141 countries had ratified the protocol. - As the end of 2010 the United States had not ratified the protocol

the methods for investigation a foodborne outbreak include

All of these - Collecting samples of blood, stools, vomit - Listing the foods served - Case identification - Descriptive epidemiologic study

water stress is defined as:

An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person

an example of a malicious food additive is

Endrin

fresh fruit and produce are frequently contaminated with botulin toxin.

False (low or medium acid canned foods, meat, sausages, fish, other seafood)

abbreviation for GRAS stands for

Generally Regarded (recognized) as safe chemical additives

a temperature inversion causes a

Greater concentration of pollutants close to the earth's surface

which of the following is an example of a suspected carcinogen found in urban air>

PAHs

major contributor to acid rain

SO2 and NO2

smog complex is

a condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation of the respiratory tract and chest pains

carboxyhemoglobin may be formed when a person inhales air that contains

carbon monoxide

irradiation, a method of food preservation, is a sources of radioactivity in foods

false

salmonellosis is caused by the toxin produced by salmonella bacteria.

false

in the US, the average person uses about 400 gallons of water per day.

false (100 gallons or 400 liters)

food additives are used to achieve all the following except:

keep food free from rodent filth

to ensure the safety of all bottled drinking water in the US, standards are set by:

none of these controlled by FDA

coagulation during water treatment is designed to remove

particles suspended in water

in the U.S. disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other methods is done to remove

pathogenic microorganisms

the purpose of metaphylaxis is to:

prevent and cure disease among an entire population of animals

drinking water treatment involves all of the following except

removal of all dissolved chemicals or solvents

which of the following pollutants is not listed by the EPA as a criteria air pollutant

smog

cysticercosis disease is caused by

tape worms

defend or refute the hypothetical statement that the world's oceans, because of their vast size, are invulnerable to pollution from microbial agents and toxic chemicals.

this is false. even though the world's oceans are vast, chemicals and pollution from microbial agents and toxic chemicals dissipate into ocean. many chemicals are dangerous at small levels affecting everything in its path. incidences include things like sand and gravel mining, oil and gas development, habitat destruction, and over fishing.

particulate matter 2.5 micron is associated with 60,000 deaths annually in the US

true

the two main sources of drinking water are surface and groundwater

true