Embalming Compend

dr. thomas holmes

"father of embalming" in the US

cranial cavity

"normal" aspiration does not usually involve the...

hydroaspirator

NOT a method of obtaining pressure for injection of arterial fluid

extra-vascular factors

NOT encountered in every dead human body

vessicle

a blister is also known as a...

dye

a component of arterial fluids which imparts color to a solvent is a...

apparent death

a condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained

carbon monoxide poisoning

a condition which favors edema

arteriosclerosis

a condition which predisposes to intravascular difficulties

the stethoscope

a delicate instrument for detecting almost inaudible heart sounds

post mortem

a discoloration that appears on the body after death is considered...

ante mortem

a discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered...

dehydration

a drying of the body or tissues as a result of the removal of moisture (water)

agonal state

a moribund person is said to be in ____ state

benzaldehyde

a perfuming agent

postmortem stain

a postmortem discoloration brought about by the rupture of the red blood cells and a release of their contents into the tissue

caused by blood and lympth

a secondary dilution as related to the embalming operation is...

adipocere

a soapy waxy by-product of saponification

lumbar

abdominal region located just lateral of the umbilical region

hypochondriac

abdominal region superior and lateral to the umbilical region

preservative powders

accessory chemical designed to preserve tissue either by direct contact or through gaseous vapors

coagulation

action of CH2O (formaldehyde) on protein

bronze

addison's disease generally results in a kind of ___ discoloration

adapted to use for aspiration

advantage of using a hand pump to inject embalming fluids

influences on choice of artery to be used in embalming

age of deceased depth of blood vessels distance of selected vessel from the center of circulation

post mortem physical changes

algor mortis; livor mortis; hypostasis

12.8 oz

amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution at 2% strength using a 20 index fluid

hematoma

an ANTEmortem EXTRAvascular blood discoloration

hydroperocardium

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the heart sac

discoloration

an abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body

ascites

an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

fluid injected will escape from the vascular system

an aneurysm may prove troublesome in embalming, because if it ruptures...

buffer

an embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues

aneurysm hook

an embalming instrument that is used in raising vessels and for blunt dissection

hypo-valve trocar

an embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals

bistoury

an embalming instrument which is a one piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions

postmortem caloricity

an example of a pre-embalming chemical change in a body

compressed air

an example of an air pressure apparatus used to embalm a body

embolism

an example of an intravascular resistance to fluid distribution

time lapse between death and embalming

an extrinsic variable factor in embalming

ligature test

an inexpert test for death

jean gannal

an influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public

groove director

an instrument which may be used to guide an arterial or vein tube into a vessel

coracobrachialis muscle

anatomical guide for the axillary artery is at the medial border of the...

ecchymosis

antemortem extravascular blood discoloration

anatomical guide

any surface, prominence, or structure which is used in establishing the location of an adjacent structure or promince

lesion

any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin

suitable for injection of arterial fluids into a small infant

arch of aorta abdominal aorta ascending aorta

diluted

arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be...

green

arterial injection of a jaundice case with normal arterial fluid will likely cause a ___ discoloration

calcium deposits

arteriosclerosis is a condition caused by the presence of ___ in the arterial tunics

ulnar

artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremity

radial

artery to be raised and injected to facilitate the embalming of the body between the antecubital fossa and the wrist

left common carotid

artery which begins on the level of the second costal cartilage

dorsalis pedis

artery which is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery

treatment of pustular or ulcerative lesions

aspirate pus from pustule swab pocket of aspirated lesion with disinfectant apply surface compresses

alcoholism

associated with edema

baseball stitch

begins by placing the point of the needle within the incision and then up through the skin passing from one side of the incision to the other side with each stitch

radial artery

blood vessel lies just lateral of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

brachial artery

blood vessel located posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

axillary artery

blood vessel that continues as the brachial artery

femoral artery

blood vessel that is the continuation of the external iliac artery

arch of the aorta, abdominal aorta, ascending aorta

blood vessels suitable for the injection of arterial fluids into a small infant

hematoma

blood-filled swelling

stomach

body organ that produces hydrochloric acid

addison's disease

bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of...

second degree

burns that have blisters that form

discoloration

can be lessened by adding a bleaching agent to the arterial fluid during embalming

cherry red

carbon monoxide poisoning results in a ___ discoloration

hemoglobin decomposition

causes a POSTmortem EXTRAvascular blood discoloration

direct incision

cavity treatment involving an incision from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis of the pelvic girdle

frothy, white color

characteristics of lung purge

water conditioners

chemical additives employed to offset the effects of water with an excessive mineral content

humectants

chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissues

anticoagulants

chemical agents retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous

preservatives

chemical agents that render microorganisms incapable of growth and reproduction

preservatives

chemical substances inactivate the saprophytic bacteria of a body and alter the tissues of the body to render them less susceptible to decomposition

modifying agents

chemicals that are added to arterial fluids to meet the varying demands of embalming difficult cases

preservatives

chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria and alter tissues so as to render them less susceptible to decomposition

anticoagulants

chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood

decomposition, change in pH, rigor mortis

classified as chemical changes

lung capillaries are weakened by disease

clear embalming fluid is usually purged from the nose and mouth during preparation of cases dead of pulmonary tuberculosis because the...

with arterial fluids

co-injection fluids are used...

red

color imparted to the body by radium treatments

purple

color of cadaveric lividity

capable of bleaching the tissue

common action of pheonol, formalin, and sodium hypochlorite on the tissues of the body

superior border of the thyroid cartilage

common carotid arteries terminate at level of the...

in the neck

common carotid artery is found

plaster of paris

commonly used moisture absorbing substance in hardening compound

follows

complete cellular death always ____ somatic death

putrefaction of the body tissues

condition that contributes to skin slip

vascular disease

condition that creates intravascular resistance to fluid distribution

rigor mortis

condition that may affect the pressure at which arterial fluid must be injected to overcome the initial resistance

peritontis

condition that would predispose a dead human body to rapid decomposition

accessibility, size, effect on posing the body

considerations in the selection of the artery and vein for injection and drainage in each case to be embalmed

accessibility; size; effect on posing the body

considerations in the selection of the artery and vein for injection and drainage in each case to be embalmed

disinfection of the body

considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming operation

jaundice fluids

contains reducing agents; bleaching agents; dyes; NOT high formaldehyde content

intermittent drainage

continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals

active dyes

cosmetic fluids are so called because they have...

endocarditis

damage to the valves of the heart usually occurs in cases with..

coma

death beginning at the brain

synscope

death beginning at the heart

somatic death

death beginning by failure of one of the vital organs of the body

putrefaction

decomposition of proteins by the enzymes of anaerobic bacteria

saccharolysis

decomposition of sugar

edematous cases

decomposition will develop rapidly in...

mouth closures

dental tie suture mandibular suture needle injector

morbibund

designates a person who is in the act of dying

hydroaspirator

device found in the preparation room that uses water pressure to create a vacuum

chin rest

device which extends from some point over the sternum to a point under the chin and is used to support the chin during embalming

secondary dilution

dilution of already diluted fluids by fluids in the body

primary dilution

dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer is called the...

primary dilution

dilution of embalming fluid created by the embalmer

heart tap

direct method of drainage accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart

cecum/appendix

directing the point of the trocar toward a point one-fourth of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis is the trocar guide for the...

stomach

directing the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line is the trocar guide for the...

postmortem extravascular discoloration

discoloration which is considered to be the most permanent

paraformaldehyde

disinfectant and preservative found in hardening compounds

anasarca

distention of the body tissues is a complication of...

complications of edematous body

distention of tissues; secondary fluid dilution; possible skin slip

arthritis

does NOT predispose purge

tilted to the right, approximately 15 degrees

during embalming, the head should be...

inactive

dyes used in arterial fluid which color the fluid in the bottle, but impart no color to the body tissues

hydrocele

edema of the scrotum

hydrothorax

edena within the pleural cavity

dehydration of superficial tissue

effect of a fan blowing a current of air over a dead human body

semi-hardening arterial fluids

embalming fluid produces maximum disinfection and preservation without causing objectionable changes in the skin texture

hemostat

embalming instrument used to clamp a leaking blood vessel

scalpel

embalming instrument used to make an incision

0.43 lb/ft

embalming pressure achieved in gravity embalming

restricted cervical injection

embalming process in which the injection of one common carotid artery is accomplished while the other common carotid artery is occluded

left subclavian

embalming the autopsy case, blood vessel utilized to inject the upper left extremity

right and left common carotid

embalming the autopsy case, blood vessels utilized to inject the head of the deceased

right common iliac

embalming the autopsy case, the blood vessel utilized to inject the lower right extremity

clauderus

established a method of embalming without evasceration

carbon monoxide poisoning

example of an INTRAvascular AMTEmortem blood discoloration

anterior tibial

extends from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle

tumors

extravascular resistance to fluid distribution

extrinsic factors

factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, enviromental temperature and moisture in the atmosphere

age, weight, disease

factors to be considered in selecting the artery to be injected

age; weight; disease

factors to be considered in selecting the artery to be injected

marcello malpghi

father of histology

insulates

fatty tissue in a body retards algor mortis because it....

greeks

first people believed to have practiced cremation

amino acids

first products of decomposition

marcello malpighi

first to note capillary circulation

changes occurring in the eyes after death

flattening of the eyeball; clouding of the cornea; loss of luster of the conjectiva

lung

focal point in regards to the cavity treatment of a case with tuberculosis

dorsalis pedis artery

from the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and the second toe is the linear guide for the...

posterior tibial artery

from the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone is the linear guide for the...

anterior tibial artery

from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint is the linear guide for the...

anasarca

generalized edema

plaster of paris

hardening agent in hardening compounds is...

tripod of life

hear brain lung

slow injection of a mild solution

help normalize the moisture content of an emaciated body

causes a stain

hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it...

favor dehydration

hemorrhage; pulmonary tuberculosis; typhoid fever

decomposition cases

high index fluid recommended

definite firming

high index fluids generally cause...

two feet

how far above the injection site the bottom of the gravity percolator needs to be in order to achieve one pound of injection pressure

five

how many pounds of potential pressure would be created if an embalmer elevated a gravity percolator ten feet above the injection site

24 oz

how much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?

cranium

hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the...

topical bleach and disinfectant of the body

hydrogen peroxide is used in the preparation of the body for...

sectional embalming

if a body part has been mutilated, the embalming procedure recommended is...

wet cotton strips; petroleum jelly; sutures

if the lips will not stay closed during the embalming operation, they may be held in position by means of...

41.1 ounces

if the solute is 28 index and you wish the solution to be 3 gallons of 3%, how many ounces of solute will you need?

immediately after arterial injection is completed

if you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease, you should begin the cavity treatment procedure...

1.5 gallons

if you use 16 oz. of 30 index fluid, how many gallons of a 2.5% solution will you have?

1.0%

if you use 8 oz. of 16 fluid to one gallon of water, what would the index of the solution be?

42 index

if you used 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 3 1/2 gallons of a 3% solution, what would the index of the arterial fluid be?

impart a color change

importance of ponceau in embalming fluids

moisture content of tissues; age; cause of death

important factors to be considered in case analysis

jugular vein

improper positioning of the head on the headrest may interfere with drainage from the...

extract the teeth; realign the teeth; let the teeth show

in cases of dental prognathism, you may, after obtaining written permission from the family....

less than usual

in cases of emaciation, secondary dilution would be...

usually a problem due to increased blood viscosity

in cases where death is accompanied by high fever, drainage is...

sartorius

in the femoral triangle, the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the ___ muscle

lining of the trachea and larynx

in the normal case, the first organ to decompose

lower one-third of the orbit

in the normal eye closure, the eyelids should meet in the...

longitudinal incision

incision into a vessel that is parallel to the long axis of a blood vessel

supraclavicular incision

incision located along the superior border of the medial one-third of the clavicle

methods of simulating blood drainage

increased pressure massage pulsator

formaldehyde

index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percentage of...

john hunter

individual for whom "hunters canal" is credited

dr. william harvey

individual who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood

dr. william harvey

influential person in medical embalming, who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628

left ventricle

injecting an infant case by way of heart, chamber of heart considered most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for best results

left ventricle

injecting an infant case by way of the hear, the chamber of the heart considered the most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for the best results

multi-point injection

injection of arterial solution at more than one location

ideal

injection pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance and causes the embalming fluid to enter the arterial system at a moderate and a uniform rate is...

arterial tube

instrument inserted into an artery to facilitate the introduction of arterial fluid

spring forceps

instrument that can be used to hold a cotton ball to disinfect the eyes

needle injector

instrument used as a device to facilitate the closure of the mouth

ophthalmoscope

instrument used in the test for death involving the use of a beam of light to check for fluid movement in the retina of the eyeball

arterial tube

instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid

cause of death; age; sex; weight of body

intrinsic factors in case analysis

special arterial fluid

jaundice fluid is classified as...

yellow

jaundice is best described by the color...

axillary

just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the ____ artery

pack applications

liquids or gels that help treat skin slip, gangrene and surface ulcerations

cadaveric lividity

livor mortis is synonymous with...

0.75 ppm

maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time period

paralytic diseases

may cause malformations and deformities of a body

air pressure

method of creating injection pressure that incorporates air being forced under pressure into the fluid chamber to displace the embalming fluid into the body

alternate

method of drainage in relation to injection in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the ___ method

continuous

method of drainage in relation to injection in which both injection and drainage are allowed to flow freely throughout the operation is the ___ method

intermittent

method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is the ___ method

intermittent method

method of injection and drainage recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders

mandibular suture

method of mouth close employing a suture passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible

mandibular suture

method of mouth closure that would be used to secure mouth of a body that has dentures but also serious gum disease

needle injector

method of mouth closure which employs wires attached to small tacks which are inserted into the upper and lower jaw

hand pump

method of obtaining pressure for the injection of arterial fluid

closridium perfringens

microorganism recognized as the causative agent of tissue gas

formalin

mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water

coma

mode of somatic death which begins in the brain

water

most common vehicle used in embalming fluids

paraformaldehyde

most commonly used disinfectant and preservative chemical agent in hardening compound

thrombi

most likely to cause intravascular resistance to fluid distribution

fluid distribution

movement of embalming fluid from the point of injection throughout the blood vascular system

distribution

movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

masseter

muscle injected with a hypodermic injection of cavity fluid to facilitate mouth closure

psoas major

muscle that acts as the anatomical guide for the external iliac artery

false purge

name given to a type of purge which has a color and odor consistent with that of arterial fluid solution

white

normal color of a nerve

signs of decomposition

odor, purge, and skin slip are...

ulnar artery

on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers is the linear guide for the...

non-pregnant uterus

one of the last organs to decompose

hinders the embalming process

onset of postmortem changes generally...

37 degrees celcius

optimum temperature for growth and reproduction of bacteria

gall bladder

organ that will yield bile when aspirated by a trocar

subclavian artery

origin of the axillary artery

axillary artery

origin of the brachial artery

femoral artery

origin of the popliteal artery

degree or acidity or alkalinity

pH is the measure of...

components of hardening compounds

paraformaldehyde; alum; wood powder

affects the rate of flow

partially closing the stopcock using a smaller arterial tube adjusting the rate of flow knob

osmosis

passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute into a concentrated solution

osmosis

passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution

diffusion

passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces

fluid diffusion

passage of embalming chemicals from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces

pressure filtration

passage of embalming chemicals through the axillary walls because of positive intravascular pressure

pressure filtration

passing of arterial solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure

osmosis

passing of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration

intrinsic factors to be considered in case analaysis

pathological conditions; moisture of the tissues; fever

worm stitch

pattern of this suture is the same as that of the single intradermal suture except that the stitches are made parallel to the lips of the incision

methyl salicylate

perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid

mask the odor of formaldehyde

perfuming materials are used in embalming fluids because...

conditions that predispose purge

peritonitis pneumonia peptic ulcers

petechia

pin-point hemorrhage

in the sclera of the eyeball

place where jaundice is first noticed on a dead body

2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus

point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities

hemolysis

postmortem staining is an extravascular change in the color of tissues due to...

primary injection fluids

prepare the vascular system to accept arterial embalming fluids

massage cream

preparing the infant case, recommended to be applied to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming

triangular wedge

prescribed incision for a sclerotic blood vessel

cements, calvarium clamps, needle injector

prescribed methods for securing the calvarium in place

terminal disinfection

procedure of disinfection following the embalming process to protect the enviroment

concurrent disinfection

procedure of disinfection which takes place during the embalming process

split

procedure of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another

use restricted drainage

procedure used to return the body of an emaciated case to normal contour and moisture content

restricted cervical

process of injection and drainage in which both common carotids are raised

hard water

promotes blood clotting

motorized force pump

pump that uses centrifugal force

impart a color to the tissue

purpose of adding eosin and erythrosine to arterial fluid

act as perfuming agent

purpose of adding oil of wintergreen to an embalming fluid

acts as a preservative

purpose of formaldehyde in embalming fluids

acts as preservative/disinfectant

purpose of phenol in embalming fluids

worm suture

recommended hidden stitch which could be used on a cranial autopsy

slow rate of flow under pressure; care in raising vessels; drainage aids

recommended treatments of intravascular difficulties

hypogastric

region of the abdominal pelvic cavity located immediately inferior to the umbilical region

lies medial and deep

relationship of the femoral vein to the femoral artery

cold

relative temperature of the primary dilution water to embalm a severely dehydrated case

distention of the superficial vessels

reliable sign of fluid distribution

purposes of blood drainage

remove intravascular discolorations prevent distention retard post-embalming decomposition

body of the deceased

responsible for creating the secondary dilution of the arterial solution

uses of massage cream

retard dehydration application can help stimulate circulation can be used as a base for cosmetics

sternoclavicular articulation

right common carotid artery begins at the level of the...

chemical changes

rigor mortis autolysis hemolysis

retards fluid distribution

rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it...

desquamation

separation of the dermis and the epidermis after death

vehicle

serves as a solvent for the many ingredients incorporated in an embalming fluid

scaling

skin with an exanthematous disease

paraformaldehyde

solid state of formaldehyde

meningitis

special cranial cavity treatment is indicated in cases of...

whip or roll stitch

stitch NOT suited for closing an incision on an exposed area of the body

baseball stitch

stitch that is made from beneath, up through the skin, and the needle is crossed from side to side with each stitch

lock stitch

stitch that is used by passed the ligature through both sides of the incision from the outside with the stitch being locked by the looping pattern

double intradermal suture

subcutaneous stitch which requires using a suturing needle on each end of the ligature with the suturing needles being crossed from side to side on each stitch

carbohydrates

substance that undergoes the fermentation process

proteins

substance that undergoes the process of decay by aerobic bacterial enzymes

intradermal stitch

suture best suited for exposed skin

double intradermal stitch

suture pattern involving the use of two needles

worm stitch

suture pattern used to turn under the excess margins of skin in an incision

draw stitch

suture that is made the same as the single intradermal suture except that the stitch penetrates through the skin

purse string

suture used to close a trocar puncture

ligature test

test for death involving the discoloration of the distal part of a finger or toe

dr. frederich ruysch

the "father of embalming"

natron solution

the Egyptians immersed bodies in...

external iliac

the ___ artery changes its name to femoral and is used in the embalming of an autopsied body

anterior tibial

the ___ artery courses along the lateral margin of the crest of the tibia, passes through the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

popliteal

the ___ artery which originates at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle, terminates at the inferior border of the popliteous muscle

edema

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces or cavities

coagulation

the action of formaldehyde on protein

index

the amount of HCHO (formaldehyde) measured in grams dissolved in 100mL of water refers to...

radial

the anatomical guide for the ___ artery is just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

common carotid

the anatomical guide for the ____ artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

brachial

the anatomical guide for the ____ artery is posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

diluted by the edema

the arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be...

restoration

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

right atrium of the heart

the center of blood drainage in embalming

cream-colored

the color of the external tissue of an artery

surfactant

the component of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is a...

slower

the cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be...

algor mortis

the cooling of the body to the temperature of its surroundings

lipolysis

the decomposition of fats

lipolysis

the decomposition of fats occurs by...

decay

the decomposition of protein by the action of aerobic bacteria

putrefecation

the decomposition of protein by the action of anaerobic bacteria

disinfection

the destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body

secondary solution

the dilution of arterial solutions by the fluids of the body is called the...

limited pressure range

the disadvantage of using the gravity percolator for embalming

formaldehyde gray

the discoloration resulting when HCHO reacts with

formaldehyde gray

the discoloration resulting when HCHO reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues

diminish secondary dilution; remove intravascular discolorations; prevent distention

the embalmer should remove as much blood from the body as possible to...

agonal edema

the escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location

adductor longus

the femoral artery is bordered medially by the ___ muscle

adductor magnus

the femoral artery originates at a point behind the center of the inguinal ligament and terminates at the opening in the ___ muscle

carbohydrates

the first body compounds to decompose

eyes

the first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis

in the pelvic cavity

the iliac arteries and veins are located...

descending aorta

the inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the...

yellow-green

the initial color change of decomposing tissue

one point

the injection and drainage procedure in which the injection and drainage are accomplished through the same incision

death

the irreversible total cessation of metabolic activity

an active dye

the key ingredient of an arterial fluid classified as a cosmetic fluid

bone

the last of the body compounds to decompose

center of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity

the linear guide for the axillary artery is from the...

center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow

the linear guide for the brachial artery is from the...

sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear

the linear guide for the common carotid artery is from the...

center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur

the linear guide for the femoral artery is from the...

center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity

the linear guide for the popliteal artery is from the...

center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger

the linear guide for the radial artery is from the...

secondary dilution

the lymph fluids of the body help to promote...

POSTmortem INTRAvascular blood discoloration

the most accurate classification of livor mortis

force pump

the most common method used for arterially injecting a body today

generalized decomposition

the most positive sign of death

7.4

the normal pH of the living body

99°F

the optimum temperature to promote decomposition

purge

the post mortem evacuation of any substance from any external orifice of the body due to interal and/or external pressure

algor mortis

the post mortem loss of body heat

rigor mortis

the post mortem stiffening of the body muscles

pre-injection solution

the primary injection solution

embalming

the process of chemically treating a dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition and restore an acceptable physical appearance

Y-shaped

the proper torso made when performing an autopsy

act as supplementary germicides

the purpose of the quaternary ammonium compounds in embalming fluids is...

lies medially and deep

the relationship of the femoral vein to the femoral artery

subclavian

the right ___ artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin

preservation

the science of treating the body chemically, so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition

the injected arterial solution mixes with the body fluids

the secondary dilution of embalming fluids occurs when

autolysis

the self-destruction of cells

decomposition

the separation of body compounds into simpler substances

dialysis

the separation of differing substances in solution because of their diffusibility through a semipermeable membrane

hypostasis

the settling of blood to the dependent parts of the body

hypertonic

the solution of greater concentration which is attracted to a weaker concentration through a semipermeable membrane

hypotonic

the solution of weaker concentration which is attracted through a membrane by a stronger concentration

rate of flow

the speed at which the embalming solution enters the body

thanatology

the study of death

hemolysis

the swelling and bursting of red blood cells

postmortem caloricity

the temporary rise in body temperature after death

lateral

the ulnar artery lies along the ___ border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

roll stitch

the whip stitch is also know as...

100 ppm

there is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above...

case analysis

those pre-embalming considerations given to the case at hand

arteries

three tunics cream-colored deep seated in body parts do not collapse when cut

femoral

through the center of the femoral triangle bordered laterally by the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle, is the anatomical guide for the ___ artery

embalming analysis

to determine the proper embalming technique and chemicals to use

drainage procedures

to make room for the arterial fluids to decrease the secondary dilution of the arterial fluid to remove livor mortis

pre-embalming analysis

to prescribe and apply proper embalming techniques

low pressure, slow rate of flow

treatment used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process

malformation or deformity

tumors paralytic conditions mutilations

isotonic

two solutions of equal concentrations

precipitants

type of anticoagulant will breakup clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension

complete autopsy

type of autopsy that consists of the examination of the contents of the cranial and ventral cavities

abdominal autopsy

type of autopsy that consists of the examination of the gastrointestinal tract below the diaphragm

cranial autopsy

type of autopsy that involves the post mortem examination of the brain only

preservatives

type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, rendering unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive and arresting the decomposition process

somatic death

type of death said to begin in any one of three vital organs

putrefecation

type of decomposition that yields foul odors

cavity fluid

type of embalming fluid used to disinfect and preserve the viscera in the cavities of the body

isotonic solution

type of solution that can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvent from the other solution across the membrane

hypertonic solution

type of solution that has the power to attract a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into itself

hypotonic solution

type of solution that will have its solvent drawn through a semi-permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution

hardening compound

used as a preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases

cold water for dilution; primary injection; large volume

used for embalming a case which predisposes to dehydration

cavity fluids

used for surface packs, visceral treatment, bleaching agents

large volume of a dilute solution

used to embalm a dehydrated body

intrinsic or extrinsic

variable factors encountered with every dead body are classified as

varices

varicose veins is a condition otherwise known as...

arterial system

vascular embalming fluids are injected into

internal jugular vein

vein considered to be the companion to the common carotid artery

causes of extravascular resistance to fluid distribution

weight of the viscera; rigor mortis of the muscle surrounding the blood vessel; the presence of a tumor

16

what index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of diluted fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16 oz. of concentrated fluid

1.75 index

what percentage dilute solution is created by adding 32 ounces of a 28 index fluid in enough water to make 4 gallons of solution?

right and left common carotid

when embalming the autopsy case, blood vessels used to inject the head of the deceased

right common iliac

when embalming the autopsy case, vessel utilized to inject the lower right extremity

left subclavian

when embalming the autopsy case, vessel utilized to inject the upper left extremity

set before opening the rate of flow

when injecting a body with any mechanical injector, the desired pressure should be...

massage cream

when preparing the infant case, recommended to apply to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming

more astringent than usual

when preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution should be...

primary

when preparing to embalm a dead body, the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water in the reservoir of the injection device; this dilution of fluid is called...

posterior to the ear

when the pathologist makes an incision for a cranial autopsy, the proper location for the incision to begin..

remove loose integument before embalming

when treating blisters, you should NOT...

1/2

when using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injecting arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately ___ pound(s) of pressure per foot of elevation about the point of injection

lobe of the right ear

where the point of the trocar should be directed to access the heart when the handle of the trocar is aligned with the left anterior superior iliac spine

potential pressure

with the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed, the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gauge is...