Embalming Microbiology Study Guide

A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is

Iodine

A compound of iodine and surfactant is

Iodophore

Why is tincture of iodine not considered a sterilant?

It does not kill endospores

How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?

It usually increases effectiveness

The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Regarding temperature, which of the following is the maximum time it takes to kill all microorganisms present?

None of them

Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?

15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes

How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?

20%

A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the

Glycocalyx

Which item is NOT a level or way of controlling microbial growth.

Incineration

A disinfectant that is a tincture is

Iodine

The three arrangements of bacteria are

Pairs, chains, clusters

What level of classification is the most specific and exclusive relative to the other classifications?

Species

The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is

Sporulation

Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is

Sterlization

What kind of light controls microbial growth?

UV

The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is

UV light

What chemical is used to produce Lysol?

Cresols

An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

0;6

A substance is neutral if its pH level is

7

A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

8;14

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

An agent that kills endospores is

Sporicide

A virus that infects bacteria is

Bacteriophage

Bacteria reproduce by a process called

Binary fission

Which is not one of the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?

Bone-like

Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is

Disinfection

What level of classification is the broadest, most general, and most comprehensive relative to the other classifications?

Domain

Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is

Fimbriae

An agent that kills mosquito larvae is

Larvicide

The study of fungi is called

Mycology

What can kill endospores?

Sterilization

An agent that kills viruses is

Viricide

Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are

heterotrophs

A retort is

A combustion chamber

When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as

Amphi

A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.

Hypertonic

A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.

Hypotonic

Bacteria that MUST have oxygen are

Obligate aerobes

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

One

The four kingdoms are

Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a __________________.

Virus

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are

Autotrophs

In which symbiotic relationship would one organism benefit while the other organism not be harmed?

Commensalism

What bacteria type produces 20% of the Earth's oxygen (O2)?

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are

Obligate anaerobes

Plasmids are

Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria

A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is

Alcohol

The prefix strepto- means

Chain

What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?

Chlorine

The prefix staphyl- means

Cluster

The three basic shapes of bacteria are

Coccus, bacillus, spirilla

In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as ___________.

Commensalism

What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?

Cowpox

It is generally safe to handle remains that were once considered to be infectious biohazard concerns after those remains have been

Cremated

Another word for skin is

Integument

A red blood cell will remain the same (neither shrink nor swell) in which type of solution?

Isotonic

What is responsible for causing disease according to the Germ Theory of Disease?

Microorganisms

Which of the following is NOT one of the four kingdoms?

Monera (Prokeryotae)

A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is

Phenol

Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are

Saprophytes

What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?

Surfactants

The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is

Thermal death point

Mycology is the study of

Fungi

Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are ____________ bacteria.

Facultative

An agent that kills mold would be

Fungicide

The best method to treat hazardous waste is

Incineration

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the

Slime layer

When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as __________.

Antagonism

Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is

Antisepsis

Binary fission is a form of

Asexual reproduction

Which organism is the MOST flexible and adaptable when it comes to finding food sources on which to survive?

Facultative organisms

When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as

Peri

An organism that spreads disease is called a/n

Vector

The Magic Bullet Theory, in context of this course, references that fateful day in Dealey Plaza that took the life of President John Kennedy.

False

When you take a cold shower on a hot and humid day, you are creating conditions that will INCREASE the amount of bacteria and dust mites on your skin.

False

Which is NOT a method of preparing a specimen for study under a microscope

Flushing

Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures are

Mesophiles

Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be _____________ bacteria.

Obligate saprophyte

A monotrichous bacteria has multiple flagella.

False

A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the

Endospore

The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is

Dry heat

When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as __________.

Mutualism

Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are

Psychrophiles