Emotions

To respond to aggressive physical behavior, caregivers should...

-Call for help. -Protect themselves and others from harm (remember, safety comes first). -Maintain access to a door or other avenue of escape. -Use calm verbal interactions as described above. -Express a willingness to listen with genuineness and accurate empathy.

What is the difference between clinical and normal fear / anxiety?

-Clinical fear is more recurrent and persistent . -Its intensity is far above what is reasonable, given the objective danger or threat. -It tends to paralyze individuals and make them helpless and unable to cope. -Results in impaired psychosocial or physiological functioning.

How can health-providers can help individuals and families manage the sadness of loss?

-Encourage patients to talk about their hopes and fears, feelings, and beliefs. -Listen when people want to talk about their achievements, failures, gains, and losses. -Offer to call family members, friends, or other people that may help. -Give unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy and genuineness. -When individuals are fatally ill, refer them and their family to appropriate care. -Watch for suicide plans or actions, such as giving away valuables, reckless behaviour, statements about death, and hopelessness. -Call authorities to intervene if suicide seems imminent; do not leave the person alone.

How do you manage fear in healthcare?

-Explaining and describing in advance planned tests, treatments, or procedures. -Speaking and behaving respectfully towards patients. -Reducing stress-producing stimuli, such as sights, sounds, or extreme room temperatures. -Identifying oneself and others who are working with the patient. -Staying with patients or providing some means for them to call for help. (GCC case). -Giving accurate empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness.

What is guilt?

-Guilt may be generated by having done, or wanting to do, something we regard as morally reprehensible, a formulation which can be shortened merely to having transgressed a moral imperative. Guilt is felt when we believe we have acted in a morally deficient way, in doing so we have wronged or harmed an innocent other.

To respond to verbal expressions of anger, health-providers need to...

-Lower the volume and slow the pace of their voice. -Acknowledge the angry person and thereby demonstrate respect. -Ask what the person wants or needs and what is preventing him/her from obtaining it. -Restate the problem until the person has clearly identified it. -Offer to seek a solution or to find someone who can. -Demonstrate accurate empathy and genuineness.

What should you remember when managing emotions?

-Notice if you are experiencing physical sensations, such as in your stomach or chest. -Identify the specific emotion you are experiencing, such as anger or fear. -Note whether you are acting out an emotion so that your behaviour is obvious to others. -Consider whether your emotions are affecting your decisions. -Attempt to develop Emotional Intelligence.

What is shame?

-Shame is generated by a failure to live up to an ego-ideal. We feel disgraced or humiliated, especially in the eyes of someone whose opinion is of great importance to us such as a parent or parent-substitute (or other) who was the original source of the demanding ego-ideal. -In shame, there is another person whose approval is important to our views and presumably is critical of our failure. We have, in effect, disappointed that person, typically a parent, the internalized version of that person's ego-ideal, and therefore ourselves as well.

What are the stages of grief?

1) Acclimation and adjustment: Dealing with the initial emotional shock and disorientation of loss 2) Emotional immersion and deconstruction: Contending with reality, developing insight, reconstructing personal values and beliefs, acceptance, and letting go 3) Reclamation and reconciliation: Developing social relationships, making decisions about changes in lifestyle, renewing self-awareness, and accepting responsibility(e.g. loss of a loved one)

Fear/ anxiety may be focused on...

1) External sources, as in phobias. 2) It may be unfocused, as in free-floating anxiety. Fear / anxiety may come in episodic panic attacks It may be a constant mental preoccupation with more or less reasonable threats and dangers.

What are some commonly feared and potentially phobic situations?

1) Interpersonal events or situations. Includes fears of criticism and social interaction, rejection, conflicts, and evaluation. also, interpersonal aggression and display of sexual and aggressive scenes. 2) Related to death, injuries, illness, blood, and surgical procedures. Complaints about physical and mental problems; fears of suicide, homosexuality, and sexual inadequacy; and fears of losing control. It incorporates fears of contamination, syncope, or other threats to physical health 3) Fear of animals: Includes common domestic animals; other small, often harmless animals and creeping and crawling animals such as insects and reptiles. 4) Agoraphobic fears (such as stores or shopping malls) and crowds, but also fear of closed spaces (such as elevators, tunnels, theaters, or churches). It involves fears of travelling alone in trains or buses, crossing bridges, and entering open spaces.

What are the emotional intelligence abilities?

1) Self-awareness: The ability to recognize your own emotions and know how they affect your thoughts and actions. 2) Self-management: The ability to control impulsive feelings and actions, manage emotions in healthy ways, adapt to changing circumstances, take initiative, and follow through on commitments. 3) Awareness and empathy for others: The ability to understand the needs and concerns of others, "walk in someone else's shoes," recognize emotional cues, feel comfortable socially, and recognize the power dynamics within a group of people. 4) Relationship management: The ability to develop and maintain positive relationships, inspire and influence others, communicate clearly, work well in a team, and manage conflict.

* What is the sequence of an emotion?

1) Stimulus event 2) Perception 3) Cognition 4) Feelings 5) Impulses to action 6) Action

What is Envy/ Jealousy?

A feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck. We believe that we need and deserve what another person possesses and that we are little or nothing without it, it becomes a type of ego-involvement that makes it distinctive among the other negative emotions - except for jealousy, which may combine envy with blame.

Define acceptance (love)

Acceptance is the opposite of disgust and rejection. It is the emotion of incorporation and nurturance. It involves accepting a beneficial stimulus from the outside world, as in eating, grooming, mating, parenting, or affiliation with members of one's social group. Stimulus event: These are time of nurturance, when people identify with others and care for others as they do for themselves.

Define anger

Anger is an emotion designed to eliminate an obstacle to the satisfaction of an important need, such as striking down a barrier, defeating an opponent, or carrying out symbolic acts of destruction, such as cursing or belittling another person Stimulus event: Anger occurs when people realize someone or something is blocking the fulfillment of a need, desire, or value.

Define anticipation (hope)

Anticipation is the emotion of investigation, exploration, and hope. It is the opposite of unexpected shock, astonishment, or surprise. It may include some elements of anxiety. When individuals anticipate and investigate circumstances, they are not caught off guard and are able to cope more effectively with challenges to their survival Stimulus event: People experience anticipation when they are in unfamiliar territory and feel the need to explore and investigate a situation. These are times of excitement and challenge.

Define anxiety

Apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension

How do you manage surprise in healthcare?

Because of the brevity of surprise, the greater concern becomes the emotions that follow. It is especially important to give individuals, accurate empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. By doing so, health-providers support clients during disorienting events and help them clarify their needs and concerns.

What are the basic components of anxiety and fear?

Bodily changes such as; somatic (sweating, flushing, shallow breathing and reports of heart palpitations , intestinal discomforts, and aches and pains) and autonomic manifestations (fight or flight)

How does grief and depression differ from sadness?

Depression focuses not just on loss but rather on the implications of loss. We may also feel worthless (guilty and shameful), anxious, and angry, depending on the nature and stage of the coping process. Grief should be defined, as a process of coping with loss, and depression as a complex emotional response to grief, coupled with feelings of sadness.

Define disgust

Disgust is an emotion that arises from contact with something that is repulsive physically, mentally, or morally. Disgust triggers rejection of an offensive object, idea, or person and is the opposite of acceptance. Stimulus event: People experience something that is physically, socially, or morally detestable to them, such as spoiled food, foul odours, sexual promiscuity, rude behaviour, and drunkenness.

Define Fear

Fear is a strong emotion intended to avoid harm and protect individuals. It is the opposite of anger; its purpose is to escape danger. Stimulus event: Fear occurs when people perceive a threat of harm to themselves, their loved ones, or their property.

How do you manage digust in healthcare?

Health-providers can manage their own feelings of disgust by: -Identify the event that triggers the emotion of disgust. -Identify the belief that is behind the feeling of disgust and resultant rejection. -Consider thoughtfully the consequences of this belief. -Re-evaluate your commitment to the ethical principle of beneficence

Define happiness

Joy is a transient emotion of pleasure, enthusiasm, action, and attainment of objectives. It is the opposite of sadness and loss. Many theorists link joy to sexual excitement, creative activity, energy, and innovation. Stimulus event: These are times when people experience fulfillment, inspiration, and sexual attraction.

What does our mood change and why?

Our mood changes our cognitive system and the way we think, in order to match the environmental cues.

What induces positive and negative moods?

Positive mood is induced by situations that are congruent to the goals of the individuals. Negative mood is induced by situations that are incongruent to the goals of the individuals.

Define sadness

Sadness is an emotion associated with the loss of someone, something of value or the loss of positive regard of another. It is the opposite of joy and signals a cry for help. The function of sadness is to provide a time of healing and reintegration. Stimulus event: People feel sadness when they suffer loss (e.g. valued people or things)

What are emotions?

Signals that tell your mind and body how to react Conscious phenomena, people are aware of them. Emotions vary in several dimensions, such as type and intensity. Emotions are presumed to be antagonists of objective, rational thought. Emotions play an central role in determining the quality / priorities of life. Emotions protect us from excessively narrow rational thought. Emotions hold a central place in moral education and moral life.

* What is emotional intelligence?

The ability to recognise, understand and manage our own emotions. The ability to recognize, understand and influence the emotions of others. Being aware that emotions can drive our behaviour and impact people (positively and negatively), and learning how to manage those emotions - both our own and others - especially when we are under pressure.

* What are the emotional intelligence skills?

The five specific skills needed to gain EI capacities are the abilities to: 1) Reduce stress 2) Recognize and manage your own emotions 3) Connect with others using nonverbal communication 4) Use humour and play to deal with challenges. 5) Solve conflicts positively and with confidence

How do you manage acceptance in healthcare?

The healthcare specialties in which acceptance and nurturance are of great importance are maternal-child and paediatric care. When parents accept and bond with infants, babies are more likely to thrive. By definition, bonding is the intense attachment that develops between parents and infants. It makes parents want to protect and nourish their infant and give their child the loving care it needs. To foster such bonding, caregivers encourage parents to: -Hold and touch -Breastfeed -Spend time making eye-to-eye -Talk to babies -Interact with infants as they imitate parents' facial expressions and voices. -In hospital paediatric units, parents are encouraged to stay with their children, hold or touch them, read to them, and engage them in conversations.

Define surprise (shock and astonishment)

The opposite of anticipation, surprise is an emotion of sudden shock, a response to new and unfamiliar stimuli, positive or negative. When startled, individuals must stop what they are doing, quickly reorient themselves, and take in information about the unexpected incident. When the stimulus has been evaluated, surprise changes to other emotions, such as fear, anger, or even joy. Stimulus event: Something unexpected occurs or an unfamiliar person or animal intrudes in the environment.

Where are negative emotions derived?

The perception of harm, loss or threat.

What is the action tendency in shame?

To hide, to avoid having one's personal failure observed by anyone, especially someone who is personally important.