EMS chapter 24 trauma overview

67.Optimally, on-scene time for critically injured patients should be less than _____ minutes.::

10

77.A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. How many collisions took place?::

3

23.During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of::

7.

18. Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is::

9.

42.Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?::

A 4'6" patient who fell 13 feet

94.Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?::

A 4'6" patient who fell 13'

6. Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?::

Aortic rupture

83.Which of the following would MOST likely result from the third collision in the "three-collision" effect that occurs during a high-speed, frontal impact motor vehicle crash?::

Aortic rupture or compression injury to the brain

95.Which of the following would MOST likely result from the third collision in the "three-collision" effect that occurs during a high-speed, frontal impact motor vehicle crash?::

Aortic rupture or compression injury to the brain

29.A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?::

Compression of the head against the roof

32.Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?::

Deformed steering wheel

14. Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?::

Deployment of the air bag

88.Severe abrasion injuries can occur when motorcycle riders are slowed after a collision by road drag. Road drag is most often associated with which type of motorcycle impact?::

Ejection

12. A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?::

Energy transmission to the spine

50.A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?::

Head injury

35.With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct?::

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

68._____ impacts are probably the number one cause of death associated with motor vehicle collisions.::

Lateral

72.A comprehensive regional resource capable of providing every aspect of trauma care from prevention through rehabilitation is the definition of a _____ trauma center.::

Level I

74.Burns from hot gases and respiratory injuries from inhaling toxic gas are associated with which type of blast injury?::

Miscellaneous

71."For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction" is::

Newton's third law.

82.20-year-old man has major open facial injuries after his vehicle struck a tree head-on. Which of the following findings within the car would MOST likely explain his injury pattern?::

Nonintact windshield

36.By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?::

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

9. Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?::

Rapid transport to a trauma center

56.Which of the following is considered a type of impact from a motor vehicle collision?::

Rollover

73.Which of the following is not considered a type of impact associated with a motorcycle crash?::

Rotational

3. Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?::

Rotational and rollover

39.If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?::

Stomach rupture

38.Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?::

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

78.A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the first collision?::

The bike hitting the car.

79.A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision?::

The bike rider hitting his bike or the car.

58.Which of the following is NOT considered appropriate use of air medical services?::

The closest trauma center is 10 minutes away by ground transport.

80.A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What will rate your index of suspicion for this collision?::

The mechanism of injury

4. Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?::

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

57.The three collisions in a frontal impact include all of the following EXCEPT::

air bag striking passenger.

44.When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first::

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

11. A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then::

assess for an exit wound.

28.When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should::

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

62.A contusion to a patient's forehead along with a spider-webbed windshield suggests possible injury to the::

brain

46.While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for::

bruising of the heart muscle.

40.The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as::

cavitation.

60.In a motor vehicle collision, as the passenger's head hits the windshield, the brain continues to move forward until it strikes the inside of the skull, resulting in a _____ injury.::

compression

91.Index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as::

concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

53.Energy can be::

converted.

20.Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include::

coughing up blood.

64.Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include::

death of a passenger

37.Air bags are designed to::

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

25.When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.::

door

49.During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred::

during the tertiary phase.

69.The most common life-threatening event in a rollover is ____ or partial ejection of the passenger from the vehicle.::

ejection

87.Death from a rollover motor vehicle crash is MOST often secondary to::

ejection of the patient from the motor vehicle.

45.Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are::

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

92.A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to::

fully immobilize her spine.

59.Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by a::

handgun.

7. According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she::

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

48.In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must::

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

63.Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death from a blast injury?::

head trauma

21.The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the::

headrest is appropriately positioned.

66.Air bags decrease injury to all of the following EXCEPT::

heart

27.Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to::

identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

51.Your awareness and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the::

index of suspicion.

17. Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of::

intracranial bleeding.

22.A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she::

is ejected or partially ejected.

52.The energy of a moving object is called::

kinetic energy.

15. Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during::

lateral collisions.

61.Your quick primary assessment of the patient and evaluation of the _____ can help to direct lifesaving care and provide critical information to the hospital staff.::

mechanism of injury

26.When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the::

mechanism of injury.

89.When assessing a stab wound, it is important for the EMT to remember that::

more internal damage may be present than the external wound suggests.

10. While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced::

neck and facial injuries.

5. When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that::

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

93.The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has a few small abrasions to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include::

performing a rapid trauma assessment.

43.A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for::

potential airway compromise.

65.Damage to the body that resulted from a pressure wave generated by an explosion is found in what type of blast::

primary

19. When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that::

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

75.A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a::

pulmonary blast injury.

13. When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy::

quadruples.

55.All of the following are considered types of motorcycle impacts EXCEPT::

rear collision.

86.Whiplash injuries are MOST common following _________ impacts.::

rear-end

30.When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant::

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

41.When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to::

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

54.The amount of kinetic energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the _____ of the injury.::

severity

16. A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to::

stabilize her entire spine.

84.A young male experienced severe blunt chest trauma when his passenger car struck another vehicle head-on. During your inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you would MOST likely find::

steering wheel deformity.

33.If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should::

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

76.Patients suffering from an open wound to the neck may suffer from all of the following EXCEPT::

tension pneumothorax.

90.A 40-year-old man was standing near a building when it exploded. He has multiple injuries, including a depressed skull fracture, severe burns, and an impaled object in his abdomen. His head injury MOST likely occurred during the ___________ phase of the explosion.::

tertiary

31.Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because::

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

47.Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT::

the speed of the fall.

34.Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the::

thoracic and lumbar spine.

70.A fall from more than _____ times the patient's height is considered to be significant.::

three

1. According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if::

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

24.The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include::

transport to a trauma center.

85.An unrestrained driver collided with a bridge pillar. Upon inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you note that the lower dashboard is crushed. During your assessment of the patient, you will MOST likely encounter::

trauma to the pelvis.

81.Kinetic energy is a calculation of::

weight and speed.

2. Force acting over a distance is the definition of::

work.

8. The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as::

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.