EMS Chapter 25

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? A. Cardboard splint B. Vacuum splint C. Sling and swathe D. Air splint

D. Air splint

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 20% B. 15% C. 5% D. 10%

A. 20%

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? A. Gastrointestinal system B. Skeletal muscle C. Brain D. Kidneys

A. Gastrointestinal system

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? A. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. B. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. C. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

A. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. B. a splint and elevate the extremity. C. additional sterile dressings. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______. A. perfusion B. hemorrhage C. coagulation D. hypoperfusion

A. perfusion

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. B. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops. C. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. D. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum.

A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: A. systolic blood pressure. B. poor general appearance. C. clinical signs and symptoms. D. the mechanism of injury.

A. systolic blood pressure.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: A. apply a nonrebreathing mask. B. assist the patient's ventilations. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. perform a secondary assessment.

B. assist the patient's ventilations.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: A. acute appendicitis. B. gastrointestinal bleeding. C. an aortic aneurysm. D. intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

B. gastrointestinal bleeding.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: A. gallbladder. B. spleen. C. liver. D. pancreas.

B. spleen.

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? A. Ventricles B. Atria C. Right D. Left

C. Right

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? A. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. B. The patient has a history of hypertension. C. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto). D. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior.

C. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: A. keeping the patient warm. B. applying a tourniquet. C. splinting the extremity. D. applying chemical ice pack.

C. splinting the extremity.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when: A. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. B. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. C. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. D. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost.

C. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: A. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control. B. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. D. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.

C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding? A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues? A. Platelets B. White blood cells C. Plasma D. Red blood cells

D. Red blood cells

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: A. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. B. a low blood pressure. C. diaphoresis and pale skin. D. weakness or dizziness.

D. weakness or dizziness.