emt 22

B. energy transmission to the spine

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? A. secondary fall after the initial impact B. energy transmission to the spine C. lateral impact to the spine D. direct trauma to the spinal column

C. stabilize her entire spine.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. leave her bicycle helmet on. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. stabilize her entire spine. D. inspect the helmet for cracks.

B. preparing for immediate transport.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. B. preparing for immediate transport. C. performing a focused physical exam. D. applying oxygen via nasal cannula.

A. follow appropriate standard precautions.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should: A. follow appropriate standard precautions. B. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. C. place the patient on 100% oxygen. D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

B. gastrointestinal bleeding.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: A. intrathoracic hemorrhaging. B. gastrointestinal bleeding. C. acute appendicitis. D. an aortic aneurysm.

D. is ejected or partially ejected.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: A. experiences multiple impacts. B. remains within the vehicle. C. is wearing only a lap belt. D. is ejected or partially ejected.

D. 1 L

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. A. 2 L B. 250 mL C. 500 mL D. 1 L

B. assist the patient's ventilations.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: A. perform a secondary assessment. B. assist the patient's ventilations. C. apply a nonrebreathing mask. D. obtain baseline vital signs.

D. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

Air bags are designed to: A. prevent a second collision inside the car. B. prevent the driver from sustaining head trauma. C. be used with or without a shoulder harness. D. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

B. lateral collisions.

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: A. rollover collisions. B. lateral collisions. C. rear-end collisions. D. frontal collisions.

D. fibrinogen

As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells. A. plasminogen B. plasma C. fibrin D. fibrinogen

B. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? A. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. B. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. C. Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact. D. As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact.

C. during the tertiary phase.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: A. during the primary phase. B. during the secondary phase. C. during the tertiary phase. D. as a direct result of the pressure wave.

D. 7.

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: A. 8. B. 10. C. 9. D. 7.

A. pain and distention.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: A. pain and distention. B. significant hypotension. C. bruising only. D. widespread ecchymosis.

D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: A. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact. B. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. C. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

D. the speed of the fall.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the surface struck. B. the primary impact point. C. the height of the fall. D. the speed of the fall.

C. spleen.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: A. pancreas. B. liver. C. spleen. D. gallbladder.

A. shock.

Hypoperfusion is another name for: A. shock. B. cellular death. C. cyanosis. D. hypoxemia.

C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: A. additional sterile dressings. B. a splint and elevate the extremity. C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

B. weakness or dizziness.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: A. a low blood pressure. B. weakness or dizziness. C. diaphoresis and pale skin. D. a heart rate over 120 beats/min.

B. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: A. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown. B. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body. C. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet. D. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small.

B. applying local direct pressure.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: A. elevating the injured extremity. B. applying local direct pressure. C. packing the wound with gauze. D. compressing a pressure point.

B. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the: A. effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells. B. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. C. ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure. D. effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls.

C. 20%

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 15% B. 10% C. 20% D. 5%

C. coughing up blood.

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include: A. vomiting blood. B. multiple rib fractures. C. coughing up blood. D. an irregular pulse.

D. your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. B. the way in which traumatic injuries occur. C. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries. D. your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

C. systolic blood pressure.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: A. poor general appearance. B. clinical signs and symptoms. C. systolic blood pressure. D. the mechanism of injury.

D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

The systemic veins function by: A. delivering deoxygenated blood to the capillaries. B. returning oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. C. delivering oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries. D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

B. falls and motor vehicle collisions.

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: A. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. B. falls and motor vehicle collisions. C. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. D. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings.

B. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls. B. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. C. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. D. osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall.

D. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to: A. realize that the air bag malfunctioned at the time of impact. B. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries. C. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe. D. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

B. quadruples.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: A. doubles. B. quadruples. C. triples. D. is not affected.

A. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? A. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen B. an intact system of blood vessels C. adequate blood in the vasculature D. an effectively pumping heart

B. deployment of the air bag

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? A. steering wheel deformity B. deployment of the air bag C. intrusion into the vehicle D. dismounted seats

B. rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? A. intravenous fluid administration B. rapid transport to a trauma center C. early administration of oxygen D. elevation of the lower extremities

D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. B. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. C. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

C. deformed steering wheel

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. collapsed dashboard B. caved-in passenger door C. deformed steering wheel D. intrathoracic hemorrhage

B. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct? A. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle. B. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. C. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. D. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage.

A. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: A. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration. B. the patient may be significantly hypertensive. C. many medications interfere with blood clotting. D. a detailed exam is needed to determine the cause.