Emt ch12 Shock

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. Prior to transport B. Immediately after the injuries are discovered C. During the primary assessment D. En route to the hospital

The correct answer is: En route to the hospital

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. C. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. D. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate.

The correct answer is: changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? Select one: A. Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction B. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation C. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection D. Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation

The correct answer is: Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Select one: A. Liver laceration B. Spinal cord injury C. Cardiac tamponade D. Simple pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Cardiac tamponade

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Administer oxygen. B. Open the airway. C. Check for a pulse. D. Control the bleeding.

The correct answer is: Control the bleeding.

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Early administration of high-flow oxygen B. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask C. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids D. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

The correct answer is: Decompression of the injured side of the chest

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Heart, brain, lungs B. Arteries, veins, capillaries C. Heart, blood vessels, blood D. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets

The correct answer is: Heart, blood vessels, blood

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Intravenous fluid administration C. Full immobilization of her spine D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

The correct answer is: Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? Select one: A. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure. B. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. C. Anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. D. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

The correct answer is: Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. restlessness or anxiety. B. rapid, shallow breathing. C. cool and clammy skin. D. absent peripheral pulses.

The correct answer is: absent peripheral pulses.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. psychogenic shock

The correct answer is: anaphylactic shock

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. B. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. C. apply pressure to the brachial artery. D. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

The correct answer is: apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: Select one: A. immediately evaluate his airway. B. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. C. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

The correct answer is: apply direct pressure to the wound.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock.

The correct answer is: blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: Select one: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. a ruptured aortic aneurysm. C. severe septic hypoperfusion. D. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

The correct answer is: cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. neurogenic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. septic shock D. hypovolemic shock

The correct answer is: cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. cardiogenic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. anaphylactic shock. D. septic shock.

The correct answer is: cardiogenic shock.

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. Select one: A. late shock B. compensated shock C. decompensated shock D. irreversible shock

The correct answer is: compensated shock

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: Select one: A. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. B. determine if she was injured when she fainted. C. provide emotional support regarding her sister. D. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history.

The correct answer is: determine if she was injured when she fainted.

Neurogenic shock occurs when: Select one: A. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. B. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury. C. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. D. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging.

The correct answer is: failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. tachycardia. B. diaphoresis. C. hypovolemia. D. hypothermia.

The correct answer is: hypothermia.

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. hypothermia B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. an increased heart rate

The correct answer is: peripheral vasoconstriction

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. platelets. B. whole blood. C. plasma. D. red blood cells.

The correct answer is: plasma.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: Select one: A. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. B. repeat your secondary assessment. C. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. D. arrange for an ALS rendezvous.

The correct answer is: reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: Select one: A. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. B. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. C. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away

The correct answer is: repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. Select one: A. hypovolemic shock B. septic shock C. neurogenic shock D. anaphylactic shock

The correct answer is: septic shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. shock B. hypotension C. hypoxia D. perfusion

The correct answer is: shock

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the lungs. B. the heart. C. the brain. D. the skin.

The correct answer is: the skin.

Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

The correct answer is: widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: Select one: A. move her to the ambulance stretcher. B. check her airway for obstructions. C. administer high-flow oxygen. D. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask.

The correct answer is: check her airway for obstructions.