EMT Chapter 21
Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
A hormone called insulin is secreted by the:
70
A patient who demonstrates any of the three symptoms from the CPSS has a(n) _______% chance of an acute stroke
Idiopathic
A seizure that occurs spontaneously from an unknown cause is called?
It's onset is more gradual
Compared to hypoglycemia, which of the following is true of hyperglycemia?
Failling respiratory system
During your primary assessment, you find your patient has an altered mental status. This could indicate which of the following?
When was the last time you had something to eat?
For the EMT, which of the following is the most important question to ask of a diabetic patient or his family members?
Oxygen to profuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated
For the reticular activity system (RAS ) to work correctly, what three substances are needed?
Excessive urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger
If the blood sugar level is very high, which of the following may result?
The Hypoglycemic patient usually complained of a headache, where is the hyperglycemic patient does not
Looking at the following list, which of these atoms does not correctly compare the size and symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia -the Hypoglycemic patient usually complained of a headache, where is the hyperglycemic patient does not -hyperglycemia usually has a slower onset then hypoglycemia -hyperglycemic patients often have a warm, red, dry skin, whereas hypoglycemic patients have cold, pale, moist, or claiming skin
Brain
Many factors that cause dizziness and syncope originally related to the:
Determine the exact time of onset of symptoms
Many stroke patients are candidates for the thrombolytic drugs. One of the most important things that EMT can do to optimize the care of a stroke patient who is a canonate for the drugs is:
They are usually worn around the ankle
Mini diabetic say have an insulin pump. Which of the following statements about insulin pumps is not true? -they have a catheter that enters into the abdomen or thigh -they are about the size of a deck of cards -they are usually worn on the belt -they are usually worn around the ankle
Reduced rate of breathing
Most the diabetic emergency that you will be called to deal with will be related to hypoglycemia. However, Occasionally you experience intense of hyperglycemia. In the list below, which item is not likely to be a sign or system of hyperglycemia -chronic thirst -nausea -excessive urination -reduced rate of breathing
Sodium
Normal conscious is regulated by a series of neurologic circuits in the brain that composed the RAS. There RAS has simple requirements to functioning properly. Which of the following items is not one of those requirements? -Water -Glucose -Oxygen -Sodium
Reduce sugar intake by eating too much
The most common medical emergency for the diabetic and hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. Which of the factors below is not a cause of hypoglycemia? -Reduces sugar intake by eating too much -Takes too much insulin -Over exercise or over exerts himself -Vomits a meal
24 hours
The sun and symptoms of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) may last up to?
Partial seizure
There are two types of seizures; if your patient is having a seizure that affects only one body part and does not cause her to lose consciousness, it is called a:
Placing a bite block by blocking the patient's mouth so that he does not bite his tongue
Treatment of someone with a seizure disorder includes all the following except: -loosening restrictive clothing -placing a bite block in the patient's mouth so that he does not bite his tongue -removing objects that might harm the patient -placing the patient on the floor or ground
A condition in which a person has multiple seizures usually controlled by medication
What is epilepsy?
Control facial muscles, ability to speak, inability to hold both arms in an extended position for 10 seconds
When assessing a conscious patient for possible stroke using the CPSS, which of the following three functions should be tested by the EMT?
The skin is hot and dry
When someone is experiencing hypoglycemia , The body attempts to compensate by using the fight or flight mechanism of the automatic nervous system. Which of the following is not one of the fight or flight responses? -the heart pumps faster -breathing accelerates -the skin is hot and dry -blood vessels constrict
Apply cold packs to the patient's head
Which is not one of the steps in managing a patient experiencing dizziness and syncope? -laying the patient flat -loosen any tight clothing around the neck -administer oxygen -Apply cold packs to the patient's head
Aphasia
Which of following refers to difficulty in using words or under saying speech as a result of a stroke?
Two or more seizures without an intervening period Of consciousness
Which of the following best describes status epilepticus?
80 mg/dL
Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult?
Intoxication
Which of the following conditions may be mimicked by hypoglycemia?
Requesting advanced life support
Which of the following is LEAST important for the patient who has stopped seizing before the EMT's arrival at the scene?
A "fruity" odor of the breath
Which of the following is a Characteristic of a patient with Hyperglycemia?
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS)
Which of the following is a standardized test evaluate a conscious patient for possible stroke?
Fever
Which of the following is a typical cause of seizures in children six months to three years of age?
It helps the movement of sugar from bloodstream to the cell
Which of the following is an action of insulin?
Slow heart rate
Which of the following is not a sign of hypoglycemia diabetic emergency? -combativeness -anxiety -slow heart rate -Cold, clammy skin
Chest pain
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of a stroke
Weakness on one side of the body
Which of the following is one of the most common characteristics of a stroke?
Does a patient have a family history of seizures
Which of the following is the LEAST important question in obtaining the history of a seizure patient in the prehospital setting?
Blockage in an artery supplying part of the brain
Which of the following is the cause of most strokes?
Failure to take prescribed medication
Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures in adults?
Suction
Which of the following is the most critical piece of equipment to have immediately available for the seizure patient who has just stopped convulsing
It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body
Which of the following is the role of glucose in the body?
Administration of oral glucose
Which of the following is within the EMT's scope of practice for the treatment of the diabetic patient?
Vomiting after eating a meal
Which of the following may result in hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient?
Many seizures are followed by an aura
Which of the following statements about seizures is not true? -The most common seizure the EMTs are likely to be called on is a tonic clonic seizure -A partial seizure affects one part, or one side, of the brain -Many seizures are followed by an aura -A generalized seizure affects the entire brain
Test for equal grip strength
Which of the items below is not part of the CPSS?
3
With advances and clot busting (thrombolytic) drugs, the patient has a window of ______ hours to receive treatment
The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack
You have arrived on the scene of a call for a possible stroke. On your arrival, the patient denies signs and symptoms, is alert and oriented, and moves all extremities well. Her husband states that before you arrived the patient could not move her right arm and the left side of her face seemed to be "slack." Which of the following has most likely occurred?
Postical phase
You respond to a 30-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. This patient is demonstrating the/
Eclampsia
Your patient is a 19-year-old female who is seven months pregnant. She's just experienced a seizure. Although she has no previous history of seizures or any other medical condition, she was just diagnosed with pregnancy induced hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the seizure?
Move furniture and other objects away from the patient to prevent injury
Your patient is a 21-year-old female with a history of epilepsy. She is having a convulsion upon your arrival. Which of the following should you do?
Failure to intake sufficient sugar
Your patient is a 25-year-old female with a history of diabetes. She is confused, agitated, and verbally abusive to you, and she is very sweaty. Although she refuses to give a history of the present illness, you should suspect which of the following as the likely cause of the patient's presentation?
Place a patient in recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway status
Your patient is a 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes. He is lying on the living room floor, unresponsive to all stimuli. He has a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, heart rate of 112 beats per minute, and is pale and sweaty. Which of the following should you do to treat this patient?
Immediately transport the patient to a hospital with specialized treatment for stroke patients
Your patient is a 59-year-old female with a sudden onset of slurred speech and weakness on her right side. Which of the following measures is appropriate?
Receptive aphasia
Your patient is a 70 year old man whose wife called EMS because her husband begin exhibiting unusual behavior. Upon your arrival you introduce yourself to the patient, who responds, "not until 9 o'clock."This phenomenon is best described as
Apply oxygen and begin transport without taking further action
Your patient is an unresponsive 30-year-old male wearing a Medic-Alert bracelet indicating that he is a diabetic. The patient's coworkers came by his house to check on him when he did not show up for work and did not call in sick. Your assessment does not clearly indicate to you whether the patient may be hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic. As you are completing your assessment, the patient's sister arrives at the scene. Which of the following should you do next?
Aura
Your patient is waking up from a seizure; it was the patient's first seizure ever. When you asked what happened, the patient tells you she had the smell of fresh mowed grass just before she seized. This sensation is known ad a a(n):
Hypoglycemia
The condition in which there is an insufficient amount of sugar in the blood is called:
Stroke
The death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following?
Syncope
The medical term for fainting is:
