EMT Chapter12

! A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? A. Rapid transport to a trauma center B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Intravenous fluid administration D. High-flow oxygen administration

A. Rapid transport to a trauma center

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. B. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.

A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

! Shock due to severe infection is called ________. A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. anaphylactic shock

A. septic shock

Distributive shock occurs when: A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. B. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. C. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. D. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster.

A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

! Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? A. Liver laceration B. Cardiac tamponade C. Spinal cord injury D. Simple pneumothorax

B. Cardiac tamponade

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? A. Open the airway. B. Control the bleeding. C. Administer oxygen. D. Check for a pulse

B. Control the bleeding.

! When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? A. During the primary assessment B. En route to the hospital C. Immediately after the injuries are discovered D. Prior to transport

B. En route to the hospital

! When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: A. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. B. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. C. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. D. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock.

B. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

! Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: A. platelets. B. plasma. C. red blood cells. D. whole blood.

B. plasma.

! Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. A. hypotension B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: A. the lungs. B. the skin. C. the heart. D. the brain.

B. the skin.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. A. psychogenic shock B. septic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. neurogenic shock

C. anaphylactic shock

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: A. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. B. apply pressure to the brachial artery. C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. D. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen.

C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: A. septic shock. B. anaphylactic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. neurogenic shock.

C. cardiogenic shock.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: A. diaphoresis. B. tachycardia. C. hypothermia. D. hypovolemia.

C. hypothermia.

! Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? A. Early administration of high-flow oxygen B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask D. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

D. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

! What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? A. Arteries, veins, capillaries B. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. Heart, brain, lungs D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

! Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. cardiogenic shock

D. cardiogenic shock

! Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. A. irreversible shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. compensated shock

D. compensated shock

! You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. A. peripheral vasodilation B. an increased heart rate C. hypothermia D. peripheral vasoconstriction

D. peripheral vasoconstriction