EMT EXAM 5- NORTHWELL HEALTH
Upon examining the patient's auto-injector, you notice that the contents are yellow and contain particulate matter. What should you do? A. Do not administer the auto-injector and seek an alternative source for epinephrine. B. Because the auto-injector is sealed, discoloration is impossible. C. The drug has increased in concentration; administer only half the usual dosage. D. Administer the epinephrine; this is normal.
A
Urticaria is the medical term for: A. hives. B. burning. C. swelling. D. a wheal.
A
What finding is LEAST likely to make an EMT suspect an allergic reaction? A. The patient has dry eyes and nose. B. The patient has come into contact with an allergen that has caused an allergic reaction in the past. C. The patient shows signs or symptoms of shock. D. The patient complains of itching, hives, or difficulty breathing.
A
What is a physical, nonpsychiatric cause for strange behavior? A. Hypoxia B. Schizophrenia C. Posttraumatic stress disorder D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
A
Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction? A. an exaggerated immune system response to any substance B. destruction of the immune system by an external substance C. a release of erythrocytes in response to a foreign substance D. a direct negative effect on the body by an external substance
A
Which of the following findings would more likely be associated with a minor allergic reaction as opposed to an anaphylactic reaction? A Localized swelling B Widespread rash C Hoarse voice D Chest tightness
A
Which of the following findings would more likely be associated with a minor allergic reaction as opposed to an anaphylactic reaction? A. Localized swelling B. Widespread rash C. Hoarse voice D. Chest tightness
A
Which of the following is MOST likely to cause anaphylaxis? A. Penicillin B. Morphine C. Dextrose D. Nitroglycerin
A
Which of the following is TRUE about absorbed poisons? A. For an absorbed liquid, irrigate with clean water for 20 minutes and continue en route if possible. B. Absorbed poisons cause local reactions at the point of contact but rarely cause systemic reactions. C. A contaminated eye should be irrigated from the corner of the eye across the bridge of the nose. D. If the poison is a dry chemical, immediately flush the area with clean water.
A
Which of the following is an anticipated side effect of epinephrine administration? A. Tachycardia B. Lethargy C. Hypotension D. Vasodilation
A
Which of the following should you do when interacting with a behavioral patient? A. Encourage the patient to discuss what is troubling him or her. B. Avoid discussing what is troubling the patient. C. Limit the interaction to no more than 15 minutes. D. Lie to the patient if it assists with your assessment.
A
Which of the following signs is commonly associated with anaphylaxis? A Wheezing B Gurgling C Rales D Barking cough
A
Which of the following signs is commonly associated with anaphylaxis? A. Wheezing B. Gurgling C. Rales D. Barking cough
A
Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct? A. Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly. B. Fire ant bites rarely cause anaphylaxis. C. Fire ant bites typically occur on the face. D. Most people are allergic to fire ant toxin.
A
Which of the following substances are formed by the body's immune system in response to being exposed to a foreign substance? A Antibodies B Antigens C Allergens D Mast cells
A
Which of the following would BEST describe a patient who is experiencing shock and respiratory compromise after exposure to a known allergen? A. Anaphylaxis B. Local allergic reaction C. Mild allergic reaction D. Moderate allergic reaction
A
You are assessing a patient with a behavioral disorder who appears to be slightly agitated. Which of the following can you do to help calm the patient's anxiety and avoid escalation? A. Encourage the patient to voice what is bothering her. B. Put your hands on the patient's shoulders and restrain her. C. Show your commitment to the patient's care by moving as quickly as possible. D. Retreat to the ambulance and depart the scene.
A
You have been called to the local jail for a patient who has made several superficial lacerations on the wrists. The patient has been disarmed but is still threatening to commit suicide. What should you do? A. Make the lacerations on the patient's wrists your primary concern. B. Tell the patient that you are not trained in suicide counseling. C. Try to convince the patient that suicide is not the answer. D. Avoid visual or verbal contact with the patient.
A
You respond to a shopping mall, where you find a 13-year-old male unconscious on the floor. His friends tell you that he was "huffing." He is breathing about six times a minute, with a pulse of 50. What should be your MOST immediate course of action? A. Perform a primary assessment and provide basic life support measures if required. B. Transport the patient. C. Treat the patient for shock. D. Perform a physical exam.
A
Which of the following statements regarding the assessment of chronic alcohol abusers is TRUE? A. Indications of head injury will be obvious in patients who abuse alcohol. B. The health risks related to alcohol abuse are only a concern when the patient is intoxicated. C. Confusion and disorientation are uncommon in patients who abuse alcohol. D. It is easy for the EMT to miss other medical conditions or injuries.
D
Which of the following would be an example of an injected toxin? A Poison from a plant, such as poison ivy B A poisonous liquid, such as drain cleaner C A volatile liquid chemical, such as paint thinner D A poison from a stinging animal, such as a scorpion
D
Which of the following would best define a behavioral emergency? A A patient that cannot be woken up B A patient that is having difficulty speaking C A patient unable to walk as he normally would D A patient exhibiting harmful behavior
D
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) i
Is a ballooning or weakening in the wall of the aorta as it passes through the abdomen. The weakening results in tearing of the internal layer of the blood vessel, which allows blood to escape into the weaker, outer layers.
You respond to the residence of a 55-year-old female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should: A. ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine. B. obtain a complete set of baseline vital signs. C. ascertain if she has a family history of allergies. D. ask her when her last allergic reaction occurred.
A
Which of the following is defined as a situation in which a patient's behavior becomes so bizarre, threatening, or dangerous that it alarms the patient or others and requires intervention? A. Psychosis B. Overdose C. Behavioral emergency D. Abnormal behavior
C
Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately? A. diffuse urticaria B. severe hypotension C. upper airway swelling D. systemic vasodilation
C
Which of the following patients should NOT be administered activated charcoal? A. Patient who has overdosed on aspirin B. Patient who is currently taking antibiotics C. Patient experiencing an altered mental status D. Patient who has overdosed on acetaminophen
C
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction? A. a 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen B. a 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee C. a 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin D. a 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex
C
Which of the following risk factors is the least indicative of a potential suicide attempt? A. Having a detailed plan for suicide B. Previous suicide attempts C. Calling 911 for help D. Recent improvements from deep depression
C
Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction? A. the patient's family history B. the patient's general physical appearance C. the environment in which the patient is found D. the time of season in which the exposure occurred
C
While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates: A. rapid swelling of the upper airway tissues. B. a significant amount of fluid in the alveoli. C. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs. D. enlargement of the bronchioles in the lungs.
C
An 86-year-old woman has been poisoned by carbon monoxide leaking from her malfunctioning furnace. She reports a severe headache, dizziness, and nausea. After removing her from the environment, you should next: A administer activated charcoal. B obtain a baseline set of vital signs. C initiate transport. D administer high-concentration oxygen.
D
An older adult patient is exhibiting unusual behavior by asking the same questions over and over. What should you FIRST consider as a possible cause for this behavior? A. It is not unusual for the elderly to ask the same questions, so there is no reason for concern. B. The patient may be developing a bipolar illness. C. The patient has Alzheimer's disease. D. The patient may be experiencing amnesia from a recent head trauma
D
As you physically examine a patient who might be in a behavioral emergency, you should: A. stop at the first sign that appears to point to a psychiatric cause for the patient's behavior. B. make the examination as rapid and abbreviated as possible. C. expect to find clear evidence of mental illness. D. be alert for any relevant medical and traumatic conditions.
D
A 17-year-old male presents with itchy skin after exposure to peanuts. He is allergic to peanuts. The findings at this point indicate: A. an anaphylactic reaction. B. a skin infection. C. an anxiety attack. D. an allergic reaction.
D
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: A. the stinger can easily be removed with tweezers. B. the body's immune system deactivates the venom. C. the toxicity of the venom decreases within 10 minutes. D. it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
D
By which route are IV drugs abused? A. Absorption B. Inhalation C. Ingestion D. Injection
D
Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include: A. the bee venom itself. B. adrenaline and histamines. C. leukocytes and epinephrine. D. histamines and leukotrienes.
D
Following an epinephrine injection, reassessment should occur during: A. administration of a second injection. B. contact with medical control. C. disposal of the injector. D. transport.
D
For a hypotensive patient, which of the following effects of epinephrine would be MOST important? A. Bronchoconstriction B. Increased capillary permeability C. Vasodilation D. Vasoconstriction
D
If a patient reports an allergy to walnuts, what other foods should the patient probably avoid? A. Chocolate B. Strawberries C. Crayfish D. Almonds
D
If a patient whose erratic, confused behavior suddenly subsides into calm and rationality, the cause for the erratic, confused behavior is LEAST likely: A. mind-altering substances. B. hypoglycemia. C. hypoxia. D. head trauma.
D
In an anaphylactic reaction, hives are: A. absent. B. localized. C. blotchy and red. D. generalized.
D
In your management of a patient with true anaphylaxis who has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following interventions is MOST correct? A. Wait for ALS to arrive before giving any medications, including epinephrine. B. If she is unconscious, place the patient upright in a position of comfort to assist her breathing difficulty. C. Place the patient on oxygen at 6 lpm via nasal cannula. D. Contact medical direction for authorization to administer the epinephrine auto-injector.
D
Most states have a provision in law that will allow a patient to be transported against his will if he is A. obviously in need of care. B. belligerent. C. uncooperative. D. a danger to himself or others.
D
Physical contact and eye contact with a patient in a psychiatric emergency should be: A. avoided unless absolutely necessary. B. prolonged and constant. C. direct and frequent unless the patient seems agitated. D. natural and necessary for the situation.
D
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto-injector delivers ______ mg. A. 0.1, 0.01 B. 0.01, 0.1 C. 0.03, 0.3 D. 0.3, 0.15
D
The manner in which someone acts is known as: A. phobia. B. bipolar disorder. C. schizophrenia. D. behavior.
D
The red, itchy, possibly raised blotches on the skin associated with a severe allergic reaction are otherwise known as: A angioedema. B stridor. C pruritis. D urticaria.
D
What is more characteristic of anaphylaxis than a less severe allergic reaction? A. Swelling B. Wheezing C. Itching D. Generalized pallor
D
When providing care for substance abuse patients, make sure you are safe and: A. indicate that law enforcement officers are on their way. B. do not provide care to any substance abuse patient not in legal custody. C. do not provide care to patients who are behaving erratically. D. identify yourself as an EMT to the patient and bystanders.
D
Which of the following is caused by a histamine release during an allergic reaction? A. Bronchodilation B. Vasoconstriction C. Drying and reduction of mucus in the bronchi of the lungs D. Increased leakage of fluids from blood vessels
D
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines? A. albuterol (Ventolin) B. epinephrine C. acetaminophen (Tylenol) D. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
D
Which of the following statements about poison ivy is TRUE? A. Poison ivy is a common cause of weeping sores on the skin. B. Only about ten percent of the population is allergic to poison ivy. C. Poison ivy must enter the system through broken skin. D. It is the oil on the leaves of the poison ivy plant that causes the allergic reaction
D
Which of the following statements regarding suicide is TRUE? A. Most attempts at suicide are just attention-seeking behavior. B. Suicide decreases with age, occurring least often among the elderly. C. People are always at their most depressed just before committing suicide. D. Suicide rates are high among 15- to 25-year-olds.
D
an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will most likely cause:
liver failure
cholinergic agents are
nerve gases designed for chemical warfare they over stimulate body functions controlled by the parasympatic nervous system
not a hollow abdominal organ
spleen
signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose includes:
tachycardia
atropine side effects
tachycardia, palpitations, headache, dizziness, anxiety, dry mouth, pupiliary dilation, blurred vision, urinary retention
A patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm would most likely complain of:
tearing back pain
To position a restrained patient, you should: A. place your knee against the patient's chest. B. place the patient face up. C. first hog tie the patient. D. secure any two limbs of the patient.
B
Urticaria is another term for: A. swelling of the face. B. hives. C. bronchoconstriction. D. severe itching.
B
What effect does epinephrine have on the blood vessels? A. Dilation. B. Constriction C. Perfusion D. Distension.
B
The two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are: A. wheezing and widespread urticaria. B. watery eyes and localized itching. C. expiratory stridor and tachycardia. D. hypertension and swollen hands.
A
What is part of a suicide plan? A. Talking about not being able to go on B. Giving away personal possessions C. Saying that a current problem seems insurmountable D. Expressing feelings of depression
B
To treat a patient exposed to dry lime powder, you should: A. brush the powder from the patient's skin. B. neutralize the chemical with the appropriate substance. C. dilute the effect of the chemical by having the patient drink water. D. soak the affected area with copious amounts of warm water.
A
dosage of activated charcoal:
1. adult and children: 1g activated charcoal per kg of body weight 2. usual adult dose: 25 to 50 g 3. usual pediatric dose: 12.5 to 25 g
A 15-year-old female has taken an overdose of acetaminophen. Which of the following organ systems are at the greatest risk of being harmed by this medication? A The liver B The kidneys C The stomach D The spleen
A
A 49-year-old female is suffering with an acute onset of hallucinations and has begun interacting with her caregivers violently. Your assessment reveals no physical illnesses or injuries, and the patient's only medical history is schizophrenia. Which of the following would best describe her current condition? A Acute psychosis B Acute stress reaction C An organic behavioral change D A catatonic state
A
A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: A. contact medical control if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration. B. ask him if he has epinephrine and request approval from medical control to administer it to the patient. C. avoid the use of epinephrine because of his cardiac history, even if his symptoms become severe. D. begin transport and request to administer epinephrine if his systolic blood pressure falls below 110 mm Hg.
A
A behavioral emergency is one in which: A. a patient's behavior is not typical for the situation. B. a person's behavior is necessary to address an emergency. C. an emergency demands specific behavior in response to it. D. an emergency has caused EMS personnel to behave a particular way.
A
A foreign substance that causes an allergic reaction is otherwise known as: A an allergen. B an antibody. C an antigen. D a mast cell.
A
A foreign substance that causes an allergic reaction is otherwise known as: A. an allergen. B. an antibody. C. an antigen. D. a mast cell.
A
A furnace problem has resulted in the release of carbon monoxide, and several patients are reporting illness as a result. This poison has most likely entered their bodies via: A inhalation. B absorption. C ingestion. D injection.
A
A particular antibody combines with: A. only the allergen it was formed in response to or a very similar allergen. B. histamine and other chemicals released by the immune system. C. any allergen that it comes into contact with. D. an allergen it is exposed to for the first time.
A
A sign of alcohol withdrawal is: A. tachycardia. B. blurred vision. C. blackout. D. nausea or vomiting.
A
Airborne substances are diluted with: A. oxygen. B. syrup of ipecac. C. activated charcoal. D. an alkaline antidote.
A
Amphetamines have what effect on the body? A. Stimulant B. Depressant C. Narcotic D. Lethal
A
An allergic reaction is an abnormal response of the: A. immune system. B. nervous system. C. cardiac system. D. endocrine system.
A
A 50-year-old woman is experiencing an allergic reaction after accidentally ingesting some shrimp. She has hives, complains of diarrhea, and notes that she is beginning to have difficulty breathing. You assess wheezes. Her vital signs are P 118, R 30, BP 100/60. What is the BEST answer for when you may administer epinephrine? A. The patient has a prescription for epinephrine and medical control authorizes you to do so. B. The patient has a prescription for epinephrine. C. You believe the patient is in anaphylactic shock. D. Medical control authorizes you to do so.
A
Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. drowsiness. B. tachycardia. C. headache. D. dizziness.
A
Early signs of potential impending violence include: A. nervous pacing. B. constant talking or rambling. C. refusing to talk or interact with you. D. quietly sitting and crying.
A
Emergency medical care for a patient who has ingested a poison includes: A. administering activated charcoal, per medical direction. B. flushing the mouth of an unresponsive patient. C. noting the appearance of the vomitus prior to disposing of it. D. inducing vomiting as soon as possible.
A
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: A. wheezing and hypotension are present. B. the patient is anxious and tachycardic. C. a paramedic is present at the scene. D. the reaction produces severe urticaria.
A
Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should: A. properly dispose of the syringe. B. record the time and dose given. C. reassess the patient's vital signs. D. notify medical control of your action.
A
In a patient who is experiencing tachycardia, hypertension, nausea, and tremors, you should MOST suspect: A. an antidepressant overdose. B. a narcotic overdose. C. a benzodiazepine overdose. D. an aspirin overdose.
A
Knowing whether your patient has a history of alcohol abuse is important because: A. there may be a greater safety risk with patients who abuse alcohol. B. it changes the manner in which you will manage airway, breathing, and circulatory problems. C. this is information that is not normally obtained at the hospital. D. alcohol abuse is a criminal offense in most states.
A
On a freezing cold night in December, a 65-year-old female was found staggering on the street mumbling incomprehensible words. Bystanders note that they believe the patient is homeless. They have seen her before, but tonight she is acting very strangely. Which of the following problems would most likely explain the patient's unusual behavior? A Hypothermia B Hypoglycemia C A behavioral crisis D This behavior is the patient's baseline.
A
Poisons that enter through the eye should be treated by: A. flushing with clean water. B. flushing with milk. C. flushing with 0.9% normal saline solution. D. flushing with eye drops.
A
The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n): A. allergen. B. antibody. C. histamine. D. leukotriene.
A
The steps in administering epinephrine by auto-injector include: A. holding the injector in place until all the medication has been injected. B. placing the injector back in its container for reuse. C. drawing up the medication into the syringe. D. pushing the injector firmly against the patient's buttock until the needle is deployed.
A
The therapeutic mechanism by which activated charcoal works is by: A. binding poisons through adsorption, thus preventing poisons from being absorbed by the body. B. increasing the motility (movement of substances) through the gastrointestinal system to expulsion. C. causing the substances in the stomach to solidify into a single, solid mass. D. causing an unpleasant taste and resultant vomiting.
A
Your partner is conducting a detailed examination of a 19-year-old female patient who is experiencing depression and displaying an abnormal distrust of others (paranoia). Your partner immediately begins assessing the patient's abdomen by exposing it, inspecting it, and palpating it carefully without introducing himself or explaining what he is going to do. Do you consider this approach to be appropriate? Why or why not? A. No, while a physical exam is appropriate for all patients, it should only be performed after trust and rapport has been established. B. Yes, it is important that a thorough abdominal assessment be conducted on all patients. C. Yes, physical findings can disclose problems that a history cannot, so this approach is necessary. D. No, even if the patient also had complaints of abdominal pain, this level of assessment is unnecessary.
A
Your patient was experiencing anaphylaxis with severe hypoxia when you administered his epinephrine auto-injector. Within minutes, his oxygen saturation improved. What therapeutic effect of epinephrine would BEST explain this improvement? A. Bronchodilation B. Reduction of vascular permeability C. Vasoconstriction D. Increased heart rate
A
Bizarre, aggressive behavior is exhibited by patients with: A. excited delirium. B. depression. C. anxiety. D. phobia.
A
You have just arrived at the scene of a patient who has reportedly ingested an unknown chemical at an industrial site. You find the patient to be unconscious and not breathing. Recognizing the importance of the absence of breathing, you should immediately: A. ventilate the patient using a bag-valve mask while ensuring the airway is clear and patent. B. administer oxygen via a non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM. C. administer mouth-to-mouth ventilations, as any delay could result in permanent death. D. irrigate the mouth with sterile water, then begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
A.
What is the MOST likely reason medical control would direct you to forcibly restrain a patient? A. The patient has a life-threatening condition. B. The patient is a danger to himself or herself. C. The patient has verbally threatened EMS workers. D. The patient is clinically depressed.
B
What should you include on your PCR about the restraining of an angry patient? A. How justified you feel about the decision to have restrained the patient B. How and why the patient was restrained C. How long the police were on scene before the procedure was executed D. How far away from the hospital you were when the procedure was executed
B
What type of poison is swallowed? A. Inhaled B. Ingested C. Absorbed D. Injected
B
Which of the following is an expected side effect of the administration of epinephrine? A Vasodilation B Bradycardia C Excitability D Flushed skin
C
A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: A. a pustule. B. purpura. C. urticaria. D. a wheal.
D
After you've opened the airway of a patient who has inhaled poison, the single MOST important treatment you could administer is: A. dilution. B. activated charcoal. C. high-concentration oxygen. D. naloxone.
C
Which of the following foods is MOST likely to cause a severe allergic reaction? A. Beets B. Celery C. Peanuts D. Rice
C
Which of the following is TRUE of sudden alcohol withdrawal? A. It is the best way to manage alcohol addiction. B. Patients who quit "cold turkey" usually experience few side effects. C. It can lead to death. D. Sudden withdrawal from alcohol is always fatal.
C
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: A. position her legs well above the level of her heart. B. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. C. request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine. D. advise her to see her physician as soon as possible.
B
Sympathomimetic and ________ overdoses are very similar because both may cause agitation, tachycardia, and dilated pupils.
Anticholinergic
A 10-year-old boy has developed a widespread rash after being stung by a bee. When gathering patient history, which of the following questions would be most important? A Do you have any past medical history? B Do you have a prior history of reaction to bee stings? C What was your last oral intake? D When were you last feeling normal?
B
A 10-year-old boy has developed a widespread rash after being stung by a bee. When gathering patient history, which of the following questions would be most important? A. Do you have any past medical history? B. Do you have a prior history of reaction to bee stings? C. What was your last oral intake? D. When were you last feeling normal?
B
A 35-year-old female ingested 25 of her high blood pressure pills in an attempt at suicide. She is now semiconscious and moaning. She is pale and diaphoretic, and her vital signs are P 48, R 24, BP 80/40. You should first: A administer activated charcoal. B administer high-concentration oxygen. C induce vomiting. D administer milk.
B
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? A. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine (Benadryl) tablets that you can administer. B. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. C. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance. D. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine.
B
A 38-year-old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. You should: A. perform a rapid secondary assessment. B. assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen. C. administer 0.3 mg of epinephrine. D. place her supine with her legs elevated 6″ to 12″.
B
A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should: A. perform a detailed secondary assessment. B. maintain his airway and assist his ventilations. C. ask his wife if he has any known allergies. D. apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) in the event that cardiac arrest occurs.
B
A patient carrying a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector: A. may not legally allow anyone else to use the device. B. may ask you for assistance with using the device. C. must use the device only if diagnosed as anaphylactic by a physician. D. will be proficient in its use.
B
A patient who has "huffed" a volatile chemical is likely to experience: A. a prolonged state of profound euphoria. B. an initial rush followed by depression of the central nervous system. C. visionary hallucinations followed by violent nausea. D. immediate unconsciousness.
B
A patient who threatens to harm himself or his wife because he is sure she is plotting against him with her sister, although both she and her sister deny it, is: A. in a behavioral emergency if he is lying. B. in a behavioral emergency. C. possibly telling the truth and behaving normally if so. D. certainly lying but not in a behavioral emergency.
B
Activated charcoal is only indicated for patients who have been exposed to poisons via the: A. absorption route. B. ingestion route. C. injection route. D. inhalation route.
B
Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n): A. moderate allergic reaction that primarily affects the vasculature. B. extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems. C. severe allergic reaction that typically resolves without treatment. D. allergic reaction that causes bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.
B
Angioedema, or the swelling that occurs as a result of an allergic reaction, is caused primarily by: A vasodilation. B leaky capillaries. C increased blood flow. D vasoconstriction.
B
Angioedema, or the swelling that occurs as a result of an allergic reaction, is caused primarily by: A. vasodilation. B. leaky capillaries. C. increased blood flow. D. vasoconstriction.
B
At a motor vehicle accident with a single patient, the patient is screaming hysterically. To take control of the situation, you need to: A. insist that onlookers help you in restraining the patient. B. calmly treat the patient as an individual. C. keep your distance until the patient calms down. D. shout at the patient to calm down right now.
B
A 10-year-old male was stung by several bees. Shortly after the envenomation, his face became severely swollen. This edema is the result of: A. vasoconstriction. B. increased capillary permeability. C. decreased histamine production. D. decreased capillary permeability.
B
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. abdominal cramps. B. drying of the eyes. C. flushing of the skin. D. persistent dry cough.
B
Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of: A. ecstasy. B. oxycodone (Percocet). C. amphetamine sulfate (Benzedrine). D. crack cocaine.
B
If a patient becomes violent, your first action should be to: A. try to calm the patient. B. retreat from the scene if possible. C. restrain the patient. D. call for additional resources.
B
If you think you detect the smell of alcohol on a patient's breath, then: A. you should transport the patient to a treatment facility. B. you should ensure the smell isn't actually an acetone smell. C. that patient is legally intoxicated. D. the patient is likely suffering from alcohol withdrawal.
B
In an allergic reaction, what substance released by mast cells and basophils causes bronchoconstriction, promotion of thick mucus production in the lungs, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability? A. Adrenaline B. Histamine C. Plasma D. Basophils
B
Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first __________ following exposure. A. 5 minutes B. 30 minutes C. 60 minutes D. 90 minutes
B
Poor nutrition and GI bleeding are common complications of: A. syncope. B. alcohol abuse. C. epilepsy. D. hypertension.
B
Proteins produced by the body that search for invaders and destroy them are called: A. antigens. B. antibodies. C. platelets. D. allergens.
B
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration. A. 30 seconds B. 1 minute C. 30 minutes D. 1 hour
B
The first thing you should do when treating a patient who has absorbed poison is: A. remove contaminated clothing. B. take Standard Precautions. C. remove the source of the poison from the patient. D. remove the patient from the source of the poison.
B
The stinger from a honeybee should be: A. left in place and covered. B. scraped away from the skin. C. squeezed with tweezers and removed. D. irrigated with copious amounts of water.
B
When a patient with a behavioral disorder refuses care and transport, what would be your BEST course of action? A. Transport the patient anyway. He or she is suffering from dissociation from reality and will not know the difference. B. Give the patient an honest explanation as to why care and transportation are important while contacting medical direction. C. With the patient's first refusal, pack up your equipment and leave the scene immediately. D. Strike a bargain with the patient: Tell the patient that he or she can ride up front and blow the siren if the patient agrees to go with you.
B
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for: A. 5 seconds. B. 10 seconds. C. 15 seconds. D. 20 seconds.
B
When assessing an agitated behavioral emergency patient, you should maintain a distance of at least _____ feet to keep yourself safe. A two B three C four D five
B
When transporting a patient who has inhaled poison, what do you take with you? A. A liability waiver signed by the patient. B. All containers, bottles, and labels from the substance. C. A sample of the substance if it is possible to obtain. D. A transport form signed by law enforcement.
B
Which example BEST demonstrates providing reassurance to a patient who appears to be suicidal? A. You validate the patient's emotions by agreeing that life is often overwhelming. B. You listen carefully to the patient's concerns and indicate that hospital treatment is best. C. You ask the patient if he feels his emotional pain is somehow unique. D. You relate your own struggles with dark thoughts.
B
Which of the following actions is the MOST important treatment for a patient suffering from inhaled poisoning? A. Identify the specific poison the patient was exposed to and ensure all bottles, containers, or appropriate labels are transported with the patient. B. Administer high-concentration oxygen as soon as it is safely possible to do so. C. Transport the patient via emergency traffic to the nearest appropriate facility. D. Perform a secondary assessment with vital signs.
B
Which of the following medical conditions is MOST likely to present as a psychiatric or emotional disorder? A. Gastroenteritis B. Stroke C. Emphysema D. Heart attack
B
Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction? A. bronchodilation and vasodilation B. vasoconstriction and bronchodilation C. bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction D. blocking of further histamine release
B
Which of the following should be assessed FIRST for a patient who is in anaphylactic shock? A. The patient's lung sounds B. The patient's airway C. The patient's blood pressure D. The patient's distal pulses
B
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway? A. rales B. stridor C. rhonchi D. wheezing
B
Which of the following techniques in caring for a patient with a stress reaction is LEAST helpful in managing the situation? A. Displaying a genuine, empathetic approach to the patient's concerns B. Moving through your assessment quickly to ease the patient's tension C. Gaining the patient's full attention by speaking to him or her in a calm voice D. Having the patient take deep, slow breaths to help induce calm
B
Which of the following would prevent the administration of an EpiPen® to a 16-year-old male in a life-threatening anaphylactic situation? A. A pulse rate above 130 B. Medical direction has denied permission to administer the drug C. A blood pressure reading of 90/70 D. Respirations that are 24 and shallow
B
Which patient is LEAST likely to be in danger of committing suicide? A. A patient tells you he feels hopeless about the world. B. A patient in respiratory distress is displaying anxiety. C. A patient is drunk and seems violent. D. A patient has just been fired after 20 years of service
B
Which patient is MOST exhibiting unacceptable behavior given the situation? A. A patient with abdominal pain is guarding his stomach. B. An alert patient insists on spitting at your face. C. A patient experiencing respiratory failure expresses a feeling of impending doom. D. A patient in respiratory distress is in the tripod position and grunting.
B
Which person is MOST likely in a behavioral emergency? A. A person is screaming at someone who just hit him with his bicycle and knocked him down. B. A person is holding a balloon in a park and screaming. C. A person on a rollercoaster going into its first plunge is screaming. D. A person is screaming at someone who just stole his wallet.
B
Which question is the most relevant when determining how long an ingested poison has been in the system? A. What effect is the patient experiencing from the poisoning? B. When did the poisoning occur? C. What is the patient's weight? D. What substance was involved?
B
While you are en route to a young male patient who is reported to be combative and despondent, your FIRST course of action should be to: A. slow your response to allow time for the patient to relax and become more cooperative. B. alert police, and request their presence at the scene to establish its safety. C. request additional EMTs to the scene to assist with "taking down" the patient. D. speed up your response, as the situation has a potential for a bad outcome
B
Why is a patient's second exposure to an allergen more dangerous than the first? A. The patient is unable to release histamines after the first exposure. B. On the second exposure, the antibody combines with the allergen, causing histamine release. C. On the first exposure, the patient's antibodies will disable the antigen. D. The second exposure usually has a faster onset of symptoms than subsequent exposures.
B
You and your crew are treating a young female who was found unconscious in her kitchen near the back door. After a few minutes of caring for her, you feel lightheaded and dizzy. You and your crew all report the onset of headaches and some nausea. What should you do? A. Place an oxygen mask to your face and order your EMS crew out of the room while you stay and continue to treat the patient to avoid abandonment. B. Retreat immediately to fresh air, taking the victim with you. C. Stay with the victim and wait for specially trained personnel. D. Ignore the symptoms, as they will likely pass soon.
B
You are at the home of a middle-aged male patient who is exhibiting unusual behavior and acting erratically. You and your partner are standing in the doorway of the patient's bedroom while you talk with him. Which of the following observations is MOST likely to suggest imminent aggression from the patient? A. The patient is sitting on the bed, holding his head in his hands while weeping, and he asks for help. B. The patient is sitting on the bed, hands clenched into fists, and he is looking down toward the floor. C. The patient makes eye contact with you when you speak to him. D. The patient smiles at you and answers your questions.
B
You are caring for a 29-year-old female patient who is unconscious and has reportedly overdosed on heroin. You should be alert for: A. bradycardia. B. respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. C. tachycardia. D. swelling of the nose and mouth.
B
You are managing a potentially hostile patient. Which of the following rooms in his house should be avoided when conducting a patient assessment? A The bedroom B The kitchen C The bathroom D The living room
B
You are treating a patient who has inhaled a poison. You have inserted a nasopharyngeal airway and have begun high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask. Next, you should: A. transport the patient. B. gather the patient's history, take vital signs, and expose the chest for auscultation. C. establish an open airway. D. contact medical direction.
B
You have just completed administering an EpiPen® to an anaphylactic 22-year-old female. You have successfully injected the medication and withdrawn the syringe. You should NEXT: A. turn the EpiPenSuperscript ®® over to the hospital upon arrival. B. place the EpiPenSuperscript ®® in an appropriate biohazard container. C. deliver the EpiPenSuperscript ®® to the pharmacy. D. turn the EpiPenSuperscript ®® over to ALS personnel.
B
You respond to a home where the parents found their 12-year-old son unconscious on the floor. A half-empty bottle of vodka is next to him. After you assess and protect the airway, providing oxygen to the patient, you should: A. transport the patient. B. assess for trauma. C. treat for shock. D. monitor vital signs.
B
A 10-year-old male is reporting difficulty breathing after accidently ingesting a cookie made with peanuts. He discloses a peanut allergy. You note his face appears swollen, and you hear wheezes. He does not have his epinephrine autoinjector, and you do not carry one. You should next: A contact his parents to attempt to obtain the autoinjector. B monitor the patient to see if the reaction passes before it becomes anaphylaxis. C request ALS intercept and initiate transport. D assist the patient with an albuterol inhaler on scene.
C
A 10-year-old male is reporting difficulty breathing after accidently ingesting a cookie made with peanuts. He discloses a peanut allergy. You note his face appears swollen, and you hear wheezes. He does not have his epinephrine autoinjector, and you do not carry one. You should next: A. contact his parents to attempt to obtain the autoinjector. B. monitor the patient to see if the reaction passes before it becomes anaphylaxis. C. request ALS intercept and initiate transport. D. assist the patient with an albuterol inhaler on scene. request ALS intercept and initiate transport.
C
A 35-year-old male has been found shouting and pacing back and forth on his front porch. Neighbors called EMS after he broke a window. They state that the patient is normally a nice person and that this behavior is extremely unusual. You should: A engage him with a calm voice and assure him you are listening. B aggressively restrain the patient to prevent him from injuring himself. C stage outside his line of sight and await law enforcement assistance. D approach him professionally and provide a structured authoritarian response.
C
A 50-year-old male has had an acute onset of altered mental status and erratic behavior. You find him with a stumbling gate and slurred speech. The patient's wife states the patient has not been abusing alcohol and has had no recent injuries. The patient's only past medical history is diabetes. You should first: A restrain this patient for safety. B initiate transport. C test this patient's blood glucose. D complete a detailed physical examination.
C
A 50-year-old male has passed out while working on a large air-conditioning unit. Witnesses say he "just passed out." As you approach you note a strong odor of ammonia. You should: A approach long enough to extricate the patient. B hold your breath and quickly remove the patient. C retreat and await hazardous materials team response. D treat the patient normally.
C
A 60-year-old male has spilled some liquid insecticide on his shirt while pouring it into a distribution device. He complains of vertigo and notes he has thrown up. He left the area and now has removed his shirt. You should next: A administer high-concentration oxygen. B obtain the container of liquid insecticide and identify the liquid poison. C irrigate the area of exposure with clean water for at least 20 minutes. D collect the patient's clothes for later analysis.
C
A substance that will neutralize a poison is called: A. an anti-drug. B. a cure. C. an antidote. D. a dilution.
C
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: A. contact medical control and obtain authorization to administer another 0.3 mg of epinephrine. B. transport her rapidly, as it is obvious that she is having a severe reaction to the epinephrine. C. monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine. D. consider administering 0.15 mg of epinephrine to completely resolve her allergic reaction.
C
A 35-year-old male is suffering a severe anaphylactic reaction. You have administered one of the patient's two epinephrine auto-injectors as indicated; however, after 10 minutes, the patient's condition has not improved. You should NEXT: A. wait 10 more minutes and then administer the second auto-injector. B. inject the second auto-injector, but this time try to inject it into a vein. C. consult with medical control and administer the second auto-injector. D. not administer the second auto-injector because two consecutive doses of epinephrine are never indicated. The second one is simply a spare.
C
Chronic alcohol abusers often have deranged: A. respiratory status. B. expectations of care. C. blood sugar levels. D. mental status.
C
Depressants, such as barbiturates, depress the central nervous system. They are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind. Based on this, depressants are often called: A. narcotics. B. uppers. C. downers. D. hallucinogens.
C
For a patient with a known ingestion of an acid substance, you should immediately: A. administer an equivalent amount of an alkali to neutralize the acid. B. administer activated charcoal in the appropriate dosage. C. contact medical control or a poison control center. D. administer syrup of ipecac in the appropriate dosage.
C
Histamine release increases vascular permeability. What physical sign is associated with this pathophysiology? A. Urticaria B. Flushed skin C. Swelling D. Decreased cardiac output
C
If a person is allergic to bee stings, the venom from the bee is referred to as a(n): A. mediator. B. catalyst. C. allergen. D. agent.
C
In a patient suspected of an acetaminophen overdose, it is important to determine if the patient has a history of alcohol abuse because: A. alcohol combined with acetaminophen produces cocaethylene, a dangerous substance. B. alcohol potentiates (makes worse) the toxic effects of acetaminophen. C. acetaminophen is contraindicated for patients with a history of alcohol abuse. D. the two combined often cause an allergic reaction.
C
In a patient who is experiencing a situational stress reaction, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Tell the patient immediately that whatever is causing the patient stress isn't important. B. You need to take a zero-tolerance attitude toward anything the patient does you find unacceptable. C. A quiet and careful review of the patient's situation is best. D. The patient can be snapped out of the reaction by a stern, loud command.
C
The first time someone is exposed to an allergen, the immune system: A.triggers anaphylactic shock. B. triggers an allergic reaction. C.forms antibodies in response. D. releases histamine and other chemicals.
C
Volatile chemicals are: A. pills. B. powders. C. vaporized compounds. D. injectable liquids.
C
What adjective BEST describes the attitude you should take toward a patient experiencing a severe stress reaction? A. Lofty B. Dominant C. Attentive D. Fawning
C
What change in vital signs would typically indicate that patient with an allergic reaction has progressed to anaphylaxis? A. Bradypnea B. Bradycardia C. Decreased oxygen saturation D. Hypertension
C
What is LEAST likely to be a sign of a psychiatric emergency? A. A patient is engaged in obsessive, repetitive movements of his hands and arms. B. A patient appears to be panicked and anxious. C. A patient cries out in pain. D. A patient appears to be unable to use appropriate words to express himself.
C
What is an exception to the rule that EMTs may only administer for patients with a prescription for epinephrine? A. The patient is in anaphylactic shock. B. It is impossible to contact medical direction for authorization. C. The region allows EMTs to carry and administer epinephrine. D. The patient signs a permission form.
C
What is an inhaled poison? A. Weed killer B. Snake venom C. Chlorine D. Rat poison
C
What is the legal use of a narcotic? A. Intense relaxation B. Alteration of mental status C. Relief of pain D. Mood alteration
C
What should be your FIRST phase of assessment of a patient with a behavioral emergency after you complete the scene size-up? A. Behavioral assessment test B. History and SAMPLE C. Primary survey D. Vitals
C
When a poison enters the body through unbroken skin, its route of entry is referred to as: A ingestion. B injection. C absorption. D inhalation.
C
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should place the tip of the device against the: A. lateral portion of the patient's neck. B. posterior portion of the patient's lower arm. C. lateral portion of the patient's thigh. D. anterior portion of the patient's upper arm
C
When asking what effects a patient is experiencing from exposure to a poison during the secondary assessment, difficulty breathing, coughing, and hoarseness are signs of: A. absorbed poison. B. injected poison. C. inhaled poison. D. ingested poison.
C
When restraining a patient, you must use: A. all the strength at your disposal. B. aggressiveness that is equal to the patient's. C. reasonable force. D. verbal commands only.
C
When using an auto-injector to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the: A. medial part of the buttocks. B. lateral portion of the arm. C. lateral portion of the thigh. D. medial portion of the thigh.
C
When ventilating a patient who has ingested a poison, mouth-to-mouth ventilation is dangerous not only because of the possibility of infection, but also because: A. the toxic action of the poison on the patient will become worse. B. the patient's breath will be toxic. C. of possible contact with the ingested substance. D. a poisoned patient will become more hypoxic through this method of ventilation.
C
Which of the following findings is the MOST concerning in a patient with a suspected severe allergic reaction? A. Splotches and swelling of the hands and forearms B. Flushed, red skin throughout the body C. Swollen face and tongue D. Hives on the chest
C
You are called to the home of a young female who is reported to be agitated and threatening her family members. The police are in the kitchen interviewing the family members, and the patient is lying on the couch in the living room, face down with her hands under the pillow on which her head is resting. How should you proceed? A. Sit on the couch next to the patient, and gently begin interacting with her. B. Remove the patient's hands from underneath the pillow before interacting with her. C. From a safe distance, ask the patient to sit up or move to another chair, and ask one of the police officers to accompany you. D. Kneel down next to the patient while trying to coax her to sit up.
C
You arrive at the scene of a 25-year-old male patient who is reportedly suffering from an acute episode of paranoia schizophrenia and has threatened self-harm. On arrival, you should FIRST: A. engage the patient in conversation in an attempt to ground him in reality. B. ask everyone to stand back as you approach the patient cautiously. C. conduct a scene size-up and ensure the safety of the scene. D. agree with what the patient says, even though it may sound outrageous to you.
C
You arrive on scene to back up another EMT unit on a patient with an allergic reaction. As you approach the scene, you see one EMT preparing to administer the patient's EpiPen®. Which of the following clinical findings would support the use of the EpiPen®? A. Itching B. Anxiety C. Signs and symptoms of shock D. Wheezing
C
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should: A. monitor her en route to the hospital and call medical control if she worsens. B. crush up an antihistamine tablet and place it in between her cheek and gum. C. request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine. D. administer a nebulized bronchodilator to improve the status of her breathing.
C
You just administered an EpiPen® to your patient. The patient is improved but is now complaining of chest pain. You should: A. administer another dose of epinephrine. B. tell the patient that this is normal. C. notify medical direction. D. administer nitroglycerin.
C
Your partner is reviewing the actions of activated charcoal. You tell him that activated charcoal: A. dilutes the poison prior to being absorbed by the body. B. works well when an acid or alkali has been ingested. C. adheres to many poisons, reducing absorption by the body. D. provides a laxative effect, resulting in diarrhea
C
Your unit has arrived on the scene of a private residence where the scene has been determined to be safe. According to the parents, their six-year-old son may have taken a handful of pills, thinking they were candy. You should contact medical direction or the poison control center to consider: A. rinsing the patient's mouth out with water. B. dilution with milk. C. administering activated charcoal. D. administering syrup of ipecac.
C
After administering the epinephrine auto-injector to your patient with anaphylaxis, you should pay particular attention to: A. justifying your actions to medical control. B. determining the patient's need for transport. C. ensuring the patient has a prescription for epinephrine. D. assessing the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation.
D
A 17-year-old female is experiencing delusions, and her parents are concerned she may want to harm herself. Upon approaching her, you note she is visibly upset and scared. You should: A not identify yourself as an EMT. B not make eye contact with her. C tell her how sorry you feel for her. D use positive body language as you draw near.
D
A 17-year-old male has experienced an acute psychosis at school. Bystanders note that over about 15 minutes the patient began acting very strangely and started lashing out violently at other students. When staff members approach him, he reacts by punching and kicking. Law enforcement is present, but thus far no one has been able to get close enough to actually assess the patient. You should: A approach him with a calm and quiet voice. B use an open body position to attempt to calm him. C move into his personal space to show him your concern. D use law enforcement to restrain this patient.
D
A 19-year-old female is completely emotionally distressed after being involved in a relatively minor car crash. You find her sobbing and lashing out violently when spoken to. You note her face is flushed and her behavior displays agitation. You should: A tell the patient everything will be fine. B assert control by using a loud authoritarian voice. C be honest with your emotions and demonstrate that you are getting frustrated. D quietly let the patient know that you are listening to what she is saying.
D
A 25-year-old female notes that she took a "handful of pills" in an attempt to kill herself. After completing the primary assessment, which of the following questions would be most important to provide optimal care to this patient? A What was your last meal? B Do you have any medical problems? C Do you have any allergies? D What type of pills were they?
D
A 45-year-old male has overdosed on heroin. You find him unconscious with obvious drug paraphernalia lying on the table next to him. He responds only to painful stimuli, and his vital signs are P 100, R 36, BP 130/80. You note clear lung sounds when you auscultate his chest. You should: A administer naloxone. B initiate positive pressure ventilations. C administer activated charcoal. D initiate transport.
D
A 46-year-old female is severely nauseated after taking a prescription antibiotic for the first time. She notes she is feeling dizzy, and you assess her to be hypotensive. She tells you that she has never been exposed to this antibiotic before, so she cannot be allergic. You should: A suspect that the nausea is a side effect of the medication. B recognize that the hypotension has been caused by the underlying infection. C have the patient contact her physician so that she can switch antibiotics. D administer an epinephrine autoinjector.
D
A 46-year-old female is severely nauseated after taking a prescription antibiotic for the first time. She notes she is feeling dizzy, and you assess her to be hypotensive. She tells you that she has never been exposed to this antibiotic before, so she cannot be allergic. You should: A. suspect that the nausea is a side effect of the medication. B. recognize that the hypotension has been caused by the underlying infection. C. have the patient contact her physician so that she can switch antibiotics. D. administer an epinephrine autoinjector.
D
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to: A. reassess his breathing and blood pressure in 15 minutes. B. visualize his airway to assess for oropharyngeal swelling. C. notify medical control of the patient's response to your treatment. D. record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.
D
A patient is drunk and refusing treatment or transport. You should: A. respect the patient's wishes and leave the scene. B. respect the patient's wishes but remain on scene to perform as much of a secondary assessment as possible. C. call law enforcement to take custody of the patient. D. treat and arrange for transport of the patient as necessary on the basis of implied consent.
D
A patient who displays excitement, increased pulse and breathing rates, rapid speech, dry mouth, dilated pupils, and sweating has MOST likely been using: A. downers. B. narcotics. C. volatile chemicals. D. uppers.
D
A patient who told his friend that he planned to commit suicide is refusing ambulance transportation but is agreeable to going to the hospital via a friend's private vehicle. What action should you take at this point? A. Allow the friend to transport the patient via private vehicle. B. Have your partner accompany the patient in the friend's car. C. Have the patient sign a refusal of care and transportation form. D. Contact medical direction for assistance.
D
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse who reports visual and auditory hallucinations is reporting: A. a symptom that indicates head trauma. B. a symptom that is unusual for alcohol abuse. C. a symptom that indicates abuse of hallucinogenics. D. one of the symptoms of alcohol abuse.
D
A patient with carbon monoxide poisoning was exposed by: A. injection. B. absorption. C. ingestion. D. inhalation.
D
You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should: A. apply high-flow oxygen, apply a chemical cold pack directly to the injection site, and transport at once. B. apply high-flow oxygen, obtain approval from medical control to assist him with his epinephrine, and transport. C. assess his ABCs and vital signs in 15 minutes and allow him to drive himself to the hospital if he remains stable. D. apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.
D
You are caring for a patient who has apparently attempted suicide by taking her father's prescription drug. In addition to knowing what drug it is, its dosage, and when she took the drug, what other detail related to the drug is important? A. Whether the medication is a brand name or generic B. The expiration date on the container C. When the medication was prescribed to the father D. How many capsules were in the container before and after the ingestion
D
You are caring for a 19-year-old male patient who has multiple superficial lacerations over each wrist, in different stages of healing. When you ask him what the marks are from, he states that he sustained them when he was trying to climb over a chain link fence. You suspect multiple attempts at suicide. What should you do? A. State that transport must be delayed until an exact cause for injuries may be determined. B. Accept the patient's explanation and simply remind him to be more careful. C. Inform the patient that he needs to be honest about any suicide attempts. D. Report your suspicions to the staff at the receiving hospital.
D
You are caring for a 27-year-old male who is screaming and throwing dishes in the kitchen. The family called EMS because they are concerned about his behavior. They inform you that his father just died that day. What can you reasonably conclude? A. That the patient's behavior should simply be accepted and ignored until it stops B. That the patient's behavior is in a behavioral emergency brought on by grief C. That the patient's behavior is behaving unacceptably and intolerably even if the reason is understandable D. That the patient's behavior is normal in the circumstances and deserves support and monitoring
D
You are restraining a patient who continues to spit at you. What should you do? A. Refuse to transport the patient. B. Restrain the patient in the prone position. C. Consider tightening the restraints so that they are painful. D. Put a surgical mask on the patient.
D
You face a situation in which a victim of chlorine gas poisoning is still conscious but lying on the ground, and the area surrounding him is contaminated with chlorine gas. What would be your BEST course of action? A. You and your partner should take turns attempting the rescue, minimizing exposure to less than five minutes for each of you. B. Wrap a water-soaked cloth around your nose and mouth, and attempt the rescue. C. Take a deep breath, and rush in to rapidly extricate the victim. D. Summon specially trained personnel wearing appropriate protective gear to rescue the victim while you try to coax the patient out of the contaminated area.
D
What is characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations?
Delirium Tremens
What are examples of opioids?
Heroin, oxycodone
What are the signs/symptoms of an opioid overdose?
Hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation/coma, hypotension
What are the only antidotes for opioids?
Narcotic antagonists
Which of the following is a CNS stimulant?
Sympathomimetics (ex: cocaine)
frequently experience UTI
Women
most common cause of hospitalization of overdose patients:
acetaminophen
A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should be MOST suspicious for:
an aortic aneurysm.
The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:
any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.
Sympathomimetic drug overdose may experience signs of?
disorganized behavior, restlessness, anxiety or great fear, paranoia and delusions
Which of the following is characteristic peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic renal failure?
diabetes
