EMT final exam
The skin is composed of how many layers? - One - two - three - four
three
A female patient has been involved in a motorcycle crash. Your scene size up reveals her to be unresponsive and lying in the roadway. It also appears that her left leg has been amputated at the knee. What should the EMT do immediately? - Cover the knee with a sterile dressing - assess the leg for bleeding - locate the amputated leg - perform a jaw thrust maneuver
perform a jaw thrust maneuver
an intoxicated teenage male with a history of diabetes fell down five stairs and is now responding to a shoulder pinch with garbled speech. Manual spine motion restriction precautions are being maintained by the fire department EMR's. The primary assessment reveals an open airway, adequate breathing, and strong radial pulse. Vital signs are pulse one 22 bpm, respirations 18 breaths per minute, blood pressure 108/60 MMHG, and SPO2 97% on room air. The patient's skin is warm and dry. Which action would be performed next? - obtain another set of vital signs - administer oral glucose - start hyperventilation - perform a secondary exam
perform a secondary exam
which type of muscle tissue is found in the forearm? - voluntary - involuntary - integumentary - contraction
voluntary
you suspect that an unhelmeted male patient who is thrown from a motorcycle may have a basilar skull fracture. As you perform the secondary assessment, which finding would reinforce the suspicion? - blood coming from both the ears and the nose - dilation and sluggish response of the right pupil to light - clear fluid coming from the right ear and the left nostril - paralysis of the left arm and leg
clear fluid coming from the right ear and the left nostril
The next step in bleeding control of a lower extremity, if direct pressure is not effective, is: - rapid transport - elevation - splinting - tourniquet
tourniquet
what percentage of blood volume can the average adult patient who weighs 154 pounds loose before the loss will lead to obvious signs of shock? - 1% - 7.5% - 15% - 5%
15%
in estimating the BSA affected by a burn, each upper extremity in an adult represents what percentage of the total body area? - 9% - 18% - 7% - 27%
9%
A partial thickness burn covering 8% of the body would be considered moderate for which patient? - A 40-year-old patient with accompanying superficial burns over 20% of the body - A 30-year-old patient with burns to the genitalia - A 25-year-old patient with sickle cell disease - A 20-year-old patient with an accompanying high-voltage burn
A 25-year-old patient with sickle cell disease
at a construction site, an 18-year-old male was struck in the head by a pallet of concrete blocks as it was being moved by a crane. He has a large laceration to the side of his head, with noted instability to the skull beneath the wound. Moderate bleeding from the injury site is also noted. The patient's airway is open, his breathing is adequate, and pulse is strong and regular. Proper care for this patient should include: - hyperventilation with high concentration oxygen - Direct pressure to control bleeding from the injury - rapid transport in an upright position - A loose dressing over the top of the laceration
A loose dressing over the top of the laceration
which of these patients with the EMT recognize as suffering from an evisceration injury? - A male patient with a knife impaled in his right upper abdomen - A female with a large flap of skin that has been torn loose from her scalp - A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound - A female shot in the chest with "bubbling" coming from the wound as the patient breathes
A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound
Epistaxes is another way of saying the patient has: - A nosebleed - increased plaque in his arteries - High blood pressure - abdominal bleeding
A nosebleed
which statement about different musculoskeletal injuries is true? - A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments - strains are injuries that occur to ligaments and the joints to which they are attached - A fracture occurs when a tendon connecting the muscle to a bone is overstretched and injured - A dislocation occurs when the bone contained within a joint is broken
A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments
an intoxicated 28-year-old female has suffered burns to both her legs after passing out next to a space heater, which ignited her pants. Emergency medical responders have removed her clothing and called the burns. Which action is most appropriate in the continued care of this patient? - carefully wrap the burn with a sterile wet burn sheet - Cover the burns with a clean, white, dry sheet - place ice packs to the burn to continue cooling - clean the burn with sterile saline and cover it with gauze
Cover the burns with a clean, white, dry sheet
when administering emergency medical care to a burn patient, clothing that has adhered to a burn area should be: - Cut around and left in place - covered with an antiseptic ointment - covered with a dry, sterile dressing - carefully removed from the burned skin
Cut around and left in place
absence of pain in a patient with a severe burn is most commonly associated with a: - Full thickness burn - superficial burn - first-degree burn - deep partial thickness burn
Full thickness burn
which layer of the skin contains larger blood vessels? - Hypodermis - dermis - epidermis - connective
Hypodermis
which statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of dressing and bandaging a wound? - when applying a bandage over a dressing, I apply it loosely so as not to interfere with circulation to the extremity - I always bandage across the joint above the wound since this helps control bleeding by applying pressure to the proximal blood vessels - if bleeding from a wound cannot be initially stopped with direct pressure, I apply a bandage and dressing so I can take care of other injuries - I always leave the tips of the fingers or toes exposed when bandaging the arm or leg so future assessment of circulation is possible
I always leave the tips of the fingers or toes exposed when bandaging the arm or leg so future assessment of circulation is possible
A 51-year-old female patient tripped in the kitchen and fell against a deep fryer, splashing hot oil onto her right arm. Assessment reveals partial and deep partial thickness burns to her arm. You estimate that the burn covers 4 to 5% of her body. Which statement, made by the patient, provides the most important information for determining the overall severity of the burn from a medical standpoint? - I had a burn like this several years ago - I think that I lost control of my bladder - I have had diabetes for several years - The doctor said that I scar very easily
I have had diabetes for several years
which statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of how an open wound should be bandaged? - bandages are sterile gauze pads used to stop bleeding - you must always make sure that the bandage is sterile - I use bandaging material to secure the sterile dressing in place - after you apply a bandage, you should place a dressing over it
I use bandaging material to secure the sterile dressing in place
all of the following medications will affect clotting except: - coumadin - Ibuprofen - aspirin - Lasix
Lasix
The secondary assessment of a patient who complains of right leg pain after falling down several stairs reveals a break in the skin where a fractured tibia bone broke through and then recessed back into the leg. The EMT should recognize this as which type of injury? - Open fracture - laceration - closed fracture - partial fracture
Open fracture
an unhelmeted rider, who was thrown from his motorcycle when he wrecked, has a large scalp avulsion with obvious skull depression to the top of his head with venous bleeding. These findings suggest which type of injury? - intracranial hematoma - linear skull fracture - Open head injury - basilar skull fracture
Open head injury
you are assessing a patient who had a previous brain injury in which a portion of the cerebellum was destroyed. In relation to the specific injury which finding with the EMT expect? - inability to remember information such as past medical history - Poor muscle coordination when signing his name to the prehospital care report - problems with the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure - inability to move or feel sensations in one side of his body
Poor muscle coordination when signing his name to the prehospital care report
an intoxicated patient has suffered a burn to his left lateral thigh after passing out with his leg touching the side of a kerosene heater. Close examination of the burn reveals tough leathery tissue in the center of the burn, with red skin with blisters surrounding it. Regarding the burn, what would the EMT agree to be true? - The central portion of the burn is a full thickness burn and the surrounding portion is a partial thickness burn - The pain is originating from the more severely burned center of the injury - The blister formation indicates that portion of the burn can be classified as full thickness - The outer skin surrounding the burn can be medically described as eschar
The central portion of the burn is a full thickness burn and the surrounding portion is a partial thickness burn
The release of myoglobin into the blood, caused by an electrical burn, can result in the failure of: - The circulatory system - The kidneys - nerve endings near the burn location - White blood cell production
The kidneys
you are assessing the pupils of a patient who hit his head after falling from the top of a tractor trailer. Which pupillary finding suggests a closed head injury? - The right people constrict when light is shined into the left pupil - both pupils dilate when light is shielded from the eyes - both the left and right pupils constrict vigorously in response to light - The left people constricts to light but the right people does not
The left pupil constricts to light but the right people does not
what is considered to be a normal finding when assessing a patient with a possible head injury? - The left pupil dilates when the light is shined into the right pupil - The right people constricts when the light is shined into the left pupil - both the left and right pupils dilate when light is shined into them - The right pupil dilates and the left pupil constricts when light is shined into the eye
The right pupil constrict one light is shined into the left pupil
in cases of chemical burns to the eyes, the EMT should flood the eyes with: - water - vinegar - baking soda and water - hydrogen peroxide solution
Water
what is the best description of a topical hemostatic agent? - A rapid acting pill that promotes clotting in the body - A topical medication that reduces the risk of infection - A liquid that stops bleeding by "gluing" the edges of a laceration together - A dressing that is specifically designed to stop bleeding
a dressing that is specifically designed to stop bleeding
an injury caused by scraping, rubbing, or steering away of the skin is a: - laceration - avulsion - abrasion - contusion
abrasion
A male patient who works in a steel fabricating plant has suffered a flash burn to his right arm and hand. Which assessment findings would assist the EMT in determining that the burn is superficial and not partial thickness? - presence of pain - Poor capillary refill - absence of blisters - Strong radial pulse
absence of blisters
A middle-aged males arm became caught in a grinding machine, and the arm was eventually extricated from the machine by coworkers. As you approach the patient, you note him to be holding a bloody towel over a severely deformed right arm. The patient is alert and anxious, and he has a patent airway. His breathing is adequate and his left radial pulse is fast and strong. You note his skin to be cool and diaphoretic. Given this information, which care would be provided first for this patient? - perform a detailed secondary exam focusing on his arm - insert an oropharyngeal airway and administer oxygen - administer supplemental oxygen - start positive pressure ventilation
administer supplemental oxygen
you arrive at a hunting camp for a hunter who stumbled over a rock and caught himself on his outstretched arm. The patient denies hitting his head or neck. There are no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The patient has swelling and echinosis to his left wrist. A radial pulse is readily palpated and the skin in the hand is warm to the touch. Which instruction given by the EMT to other rescuers indicates proper care of this patient? - after we splint his wrist, we will need to elevate it during transport to decrease the opportunity for swelling - when you split that arm, make sure that it is somewhat loose so the patient can move it if he becomes uncomfortable - make sure to wrap the splint as tightly as you can; we need a lot of pressure to prevent additional swelling - since he has a pulse in that arm, the swelling must be from a muscle injury. We can forgo the splint and just apply ice packs
after we split his wrist, we will need to elevate it during transport to decrease the opportunity for swelling
all of the following are important factors to consider in determining burn severity except: - ambient environmental temperature - percentage of body surface area involved - Location of the burn - patient age and pre-existing medical conditions
ambient environmental temperature
you respond to a single car accident in which an unrestrained three-year-old child was thrown from the backseat into the windshield, striking his head. As your partner applies spine motion restriction precautions, you know that the child has a patent airway, is breathing well, and is alert and oriented; however, you also noticed that blood and fluid are draining from his right ear. How would you treat the bleeding? - Pack the external ear canal to control bleeding, being careful not to rupture that eardrum - apply a dressing loosely over the ear to absorb the blood and fluid - apply a Hemostatic agent to the ear canal - quickly cover the ear with your gloved hand
apply a dressing loosely over the ear to absorb the blood and fluid
you are called for an alert and oriented female who had a cesarean section several days ago today, the patient bent over and tore the surgical incision open. There is a moderate amount of bleeding coming from the site, but otherwise the patient is stable. What should the EMT do to control the bleeding? - Pack sterile gauze dressings into the incision - apply a multi trauma dressing over the incision - place a saline soaked bandage over the top of the incision - administer supplemental oxygen
apply a multi trauma dressing over the incision
A construction worker has a metal rod impaled in his right forearm. Assessment of the injury indicates heavy bleeding from around the impaled object. What should you do first? - place a tourniquet above the injury site - apply direct pressure around the rod - apply pressure on the rod to stabilize it - attempt once to remove the metal rod
apply direct pressure around the rod
and managing a burn correctly, an EMT may take all of the following steps except: - apply ointment or sprays - Applied dry, sterile dressings - keep the patient warm - keep the burn site clean
apply ointment or sprays
A nine year old boy has fallen from a swing. Assessment findings revealed no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation, but do indicate deformity, pain, and swelling to his right wrist. The right radial pulse is strong and is accompanied by skin that is pink and warm to the touch. Which action indicates that the EMT is properly caring for this patient? - straightening the wrist to promote bloodflow to the hand - maintaining the wrist below the level of the heart to decrease swelling - applying cold packs to the wrist to reduce swelling - massaging the wrist gently to decrease the pain
applying cold packs to the wrist to reduce swelling
after taking BSI precautions, exposing the area, and controlling any external bleeding, the next step in immobilizing a long bone fracture is: - replacing protruding bones - applying the splint - measuring the splint - assessing distal PMS
assessing distal PMS
while on standby at a semi professional baseball game, you are summoned onto the field at home plate for a player who complains of severe leg pain after colliding with the catcher of the opposite team. The primary assessment shows no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The secondary assessment reveals a severely deformed knee that is swollen and ecchymotic. The leg is pale and cool, and the patient cannot move his leg when I asked to do so. In addition, you cannot palpate a pedal pulse. What should the EMTs priority action be at this time? - apply cold packs to the knee and transport immediately - apply a traction splint and enough traction until a pulse returns - check the patient's radial or carotid pulse - attempt to straighten the leg until a pulse returns
attempt to straighten the leg until a pulse returns
Open wounds in which flaps of skin and tissue are torn loose with only a small part of the tissue still attached to the body are termed: - punctures - lacerations - avulsions - amputations
avulsions
The weakest portion of the skull, which is made up of many separate bones, is called the: - basilar skull - temporal skull - parietal skull - occipital skull
basilar skull
A middle-aged male died immediately after a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. Which portion of the central nervous system was most likely damaged to cause such a rapid death? - cerebrum - brainstem - cerebellum - meninges
brainstem
while en route to a domestic violence incident with possible injuries, the police contact you and report that a male patient has arterial bleeding from a stab wound to the arm. Given this information, which bleeding characteristics do you expect? - dark red blood flowing from the injury that is difficult to control - bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart - bright red blood oozing from the injury site that is easy to control - spurting blood that is dark red in color and difficult to control
bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart
you have been called to a residence of a patient with diabetes who exhibits an altered mental status. A family member states she could not reach the patient by telephone, so she came over and found the patient awake but confused. The patient can remember his name and address, but cannot remember the day or year. He refuses to go back to the hospital, but consents to an assessment. Of these physical exam findings discerned on assessment, which one is most concerning? - bruise to the left temple - blood glucose level of 77 mg/dL - SPO2 of 95% on room air - heart rate of 82 bpm
bruise to the left temple
when dealing with chemical burns, the EMT should remember that dry chemicals should be: - brushed away before irrigating - irrigated without delay - removed with a damp sterile gauze pad - irrigated with neutralizing vinegar
brushed away before irrigating
The EMT is properly assessing for sensory function in the hands when he tells or asks the patient: - squeeze my fingers with both hands - can you tell me which finger I am touching? - do you feel me touching your right hand? - can you wiggle your fingers?
can you tell me which finger I am touching?
within the skull, the brain is cushioned in a dense serous membrane called: - cerebrospinal fluid - meningeal fluid - pericardial fluid - peritoneal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid
A burn that encircles a body area such as the chest, an arm, or a leg is called: - circumferential - Full thickness - immersional - severe
circumferential
A male soccer player was struck in the head with a soccer ball. Players state that he was dead for several seconds following the impact and then asked the same questions over and over. Presently, he is conscious and oriented to person, but confused about placing time. He also has a red and area to the side of his head and face. As you proceed with your assessment, his memory continues to improve. Based on these findings, the EMT should suspect which type of injury? - concussion - Open head injury - epidural hematoma - cerebral contusion
concussion
Firefighters are extricating the driver of a small car that was struck broadside by a delivery truck at a moderate rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained, and the car sustained severe damage to the driver side. As the man is pulled from the car, you note severe deformity to his left thigh area where an open femur fracture has been bleeding severely. Your primary assessment shows the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli, with an open airway and adequate breathing at 20 breaths per minute. His radial pulses present but rapid at a rate of 124. After applying oxygen and stopping the leg bleed with direct pressure, the EMT should immediately: - examine the left leg - check for a pedal pulse in the left foot - conduct a rapid secondary assessment - Apply a traction splint to the left leg
conduct a rapid secondary assessment
you are assessing an elderly male patient who is trapped in a burning trailer. Which finding would be most indicative that he has an inhalation injury? - coughing up black sputum - heart rate of 1 26 bpm - partial thickness burn to the left side of the face - blood coming from the nose
coughing up black sputum
A patient was building a bomb in his garage when I accidentally detonated. Assessment findings from the rapid secondary assessment reveal part of the intestines and a portion of the liver protruding from the right side of the optimum. Proper care of this injury would include: - careful replacement of the organs back into the abdominal cavity - covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water - Application of a dry sterile dressing covered with an occlusive dressing taped on three sides - Direct but gentle pressure applied to the exposed organs to hold them in place
covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water
The helmet like structure that protects the brain is called the: - cranial skull - basilar skull - dura Mater - meninges
cranial skull
The sound or feel of broken bone fragments grinding together is referred to as: - stridor - assonance - crepitus - dissonance
crepitus
A patient was struck in the right upper arm with a baseball bat. Which sign or symptom indicates the highest probability that the humerus has been fractured? - crepitus felt on palpation - pain to the right upper arm - hematoma to the upper arm - decreased sensation in the right hand
crepitus felt on palpation
A patient fell and sustained an open fracture to the left humerus. However, assessment reveals the bone to have pulled back into the arm. Bleeding from the site is controlled. How will splinting the left arm benefit this patient? - decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels - start the process of healing by aligning and connecting the bone ends - eliminate the possibility of infection through the open wound - convert the open fracture to a closed fracture and maintain it as such
decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels
which sign of cardiogenic shock would occur the latest? - decreased blood pressure - thready pulse - increased respiratory rate - increased pulse rate
decreased blood pressure
Burns are classified according to: - depth of the injury - Location of the injury - type of heat involved - amount of heat involved
depth of the injury
an injury to a joint in which the bone and become separated from each other is called a: - angulation - dislocation - sprain - fracture
dislocation
which assessment finding would best indicate that a patient has suffered a full thickness burn to his leg? - Red skin that is painful - moist skin with blisters - dry skin with a little pain - charred skin with intense pain
dry skin with a little pain
A fair skinned patient was exposed to the sun and has a painful superficial burn to her upper back. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that which layer of the skin has been injured? - epidermal - dermal - epidermal and dermal - subcutaneous
epidermal
The bones of the upper extremities include all of the following except the: - femur - carpal - radius - humerus
femur
use of a traction splint is indicated for a painful, swollen, deformed: - femur - ankle - hip - elbow
femur
A patient has swelling and deformity to the wrist. After splinting, in which position should the hand be placed? - fingers curled inward - fingers extended and spread - hand in a fist with thumb inside fist - wrist flexed with fingers extended
fingers curled inward
A patient is confused and anxious after falling 20 feet from a ladder onto the grass below. Which clinical finding described is most suggestive of shock? - heart rate of 112 bpm - large hematoma to the head - constricted pupils - deformity to the left arm
heart rate of 112 bpm
if a patient injured leg appears either internally or externally rotated, an EMT you should suspect: - hip dislocation - patella injury - ankle dislocation - fibula injury
hip dislocation
A young female, after being rescued from a burning apartment, is found to have partial and full thickness burns from her chest down to her feet. As such, the EMT would recognize the potential for the onset of: - hyperthermia - hypertension - hypoglycemia - hypothermia
hypothermia
The type of shock most commonly caused by profound blood or fluid loss is: - irreversible shock - Cardiogenic shock - Vasogenic shock - hypovolemic shock
hypovolemic shock
all of the following are signs of Cushing's reflex except a: - increase in heart rate - change in respiratory status - contusion - stroke
increase in heart rate
The rapid secondary assessment of a male patient who was thrown off a motorcycle indicates instability and pain on palpation to the pelvic area. What is the EMTs primary concern related to this injury? - risk for infection - internal blood loss - severe pain - pelvic or hip fracture
internal blood loss
what is an advantage of the Lund and Browder system of BSA estimation? - it is integrated in the Broselow pediatric tape system - it is calibrated so that the EMT can use his own hand to estimate a small area percentage - it uses an age related chart for more accurate determination - it is more easily memorized than the rule of nines
it uses an age related chart for more accurate determination
A 24-year-old man was shocked while working on his house's electrical system. Assessment reveals a minor burn to the fingers on his left hand. Aside from being slightly shaky, the patient states he feels fine and does not see the need to be treated further or transported to the hospital. Which statement would you make before allowing him to refuse additional care and transport? - you really need to be evaluated in the hospital emergency department. The shock puts you at high risk for a stroke within the next 48 hours - you need to get the burn site cleaned to avoid infection. This can be done in the hospital emergency department - electrical burns typically increase in pain as time goes on. The hospital emergency department can give you pain medication - it would be best to let the emergency physician check you out. Electrical shocks can damage the heart or other internal structures
it would be best to let the emergency physician check you out. Electrical shocks can damage the heart or other internal structures
A 49-year-old male was climbing on a truck at a construction site when he fell backward to the ground. He presents with a 2 inch linear wound to the top of his head. Bleeding has been controlled and the skull can be seen through the wound. How should you document this injury on the prehospital care report? - laceration - avulsion - crush - contusion
laceration
The type of laceration caused by a knife or razor is described as: - stellar - stellate - clean - linear
linear
which statement is true regarding linear skull fractures? - linear skull fractures are rare and infrequently encountered - linear skull fractures are identifiable by a mild depression in the skull - linear skull fractures placed the patient at risk for blood loss and hypoperfusion - linear skull fractures cannot typically be identified with palpation
linear skull fractures cannot typically be identified with palpation
A 57-year-old male fell 20 feet while setting up holiday lights on his roof. He impacted the ground feet first and has suffered open fractures to both tibias, with both bones protruding through the skin. Your assessment reveals him to be responsive to painful stimuli. His airway is open, his breathing is rapid, and his radial pulse is weak. The skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse one 32 bpm, respirations 24 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 106/90 mmHg. according to the family, the patient has no pertinent medical history. Your partner is providing positive pressure ventilation. At this point in the patient's care, it is a priority for you to: - Cover the patient with a blanket - look for other injuries - notify the hospital - immobilize the fractures
look for other injuries
you believe that a patient who has been shot in the lower abdomen is bleeding internally and is in an early stage of shock. The patient's mental status is decreasing. What would be appropriate prehospital care of this patient? - oxygen therapy and cold packs to the abdomen - semi Fowler's position and direct pressure over the injury site - supine position and administration of water by mouth - oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital
oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital
The term for a prickling or tingling feeling that indicates some loss of sensation is: - paresthesia - anesthesia - paraplegia - quadriplegia
paresthesia
A burn in which the epidermis and dermis are damaged is known as: - partial thickness burn - superficial burn - Full thickness burn - deep superficial burn
partial thickness burn
A 21-year-old male sustained a severe burn to his left leg while working on an industrial furnace. Coworkers immediately doused his flaming pants and removed them. Your primary assessment reveals no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. While performing the secondary assessment on his leg, which finding would be most critical? - partial thickness burn completely encircling the lower leg - pain described as "the worst I have ever felt" - Blisters on the lower leg that are broken and draining fluid - skin on the post area lower leg that is sloughing off
partial thickness burns completely encircling the lower leg
A young adult male has a gunshot wound to the left side of his head. He is unresponsive with snoring respirations. He is breathing six times per minute with a pulse rate of 52 bpm and a blood pressure of 192/104MMHG. His radial pulse is strong and his skin is cool, but not diaphoretic. In addition to spine motion restriction precautions the first intervention for the patient would be: - administering high concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask - inserting an oropharyngeal airway - performing a jaw thrust maneuver - administering positive pressure ventilation
performing a jaw thrust maneuver
when the EMT is dealing with a patient who has experienced an electrical burn, the primary concern should be: - personal safety - patient care - rapid AED use - bystander history
personal safety
A young man was riding a motorcycle when he was hit head on by a car and thrown from the bike. Your scene size up reveals him to be lying supine in the roadway with obvious deformity to his right thigh and left ankle, with blood noted on his pants in these areas. The patient assessment reveals he is unresponsive with snoring respirations and is breathing irregularly at 16 times per minute. His radial pulse is moderate and strength, and his skin is warm and dry. Which action should be performed first by the EMT? - Open the airway using the head tilt, chin lift maneuver - expose and splint both legs to prevent further injury - check for distal pulses in both lower extremities - provide manual cervical spine motion restriction
provide manual cervical spine motion restriction
after taking standard precautions, the first step and providing emergency care to a patient with skull fractures and brain injuries is to: - provide manual spine motion restriction of the head - apply a cervical collar - Control bleeding with direct pressure - transport the patient immediately
provide manual spine motion restriction of the head
which statement best describes the technique to be used when hyper ventilating a patient with a head injury who shows signs of brain herniation? - provide one ventilation every three seconds - provide 30 ventilations per minute - provide one ventilation every five seconds - provide 16 ventilations per minute
provide one ventilation every three seconds
A patient has been pulled from a house fire. Assessment reveals him to be lethargic with stridorous respirations, minimal chest wall motion, and a rapid strong radial pulse. Firefighters are dousing his body with water to cool him and ensure he is extinguished. Which action with the EMT perform immediately once the fire on the patient is adequately extinguished with water? - determine if critical areas of the body have been burned - administer oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask and obtain a full set of vitals - begin removing the patients clothes to determine the type of burn - provide positive pressure ventilation with a bag valve mask
provide positive pressure ventilation with a bag valve mask
A partial thickness (second-degree) burn will appear: - reddened - dark brown - charred - Black
reddened
The most serious problem usually associated with electrical shocks is: - respiratory and/or cardiac arrest - hypothermia - internal bleeding - hypertension
respiratory and/or cardiac arrest
which bone injury would be said to occur in the appendicular skeleton system? - rib fracture - spinal fracture - right hip fracture - skull fracture
right hip fracture
One method that the EMT can use to estimate the body surface area damaged by a burn is the: - rule of nines - BSC rule - rule of sixes - plantar system
rule of nines
The bones of the lower extremities include all of the following except the: - scapula - pelvis - patella - femur
scapula
all of the following are part of the musculoskeletal system except: - skin - bones - joints - cartilage
skin
A football player injured his knee during practice and is in pain. His left knee is swollen, ecchymotic, and flexed in an upward position. Your partner reports that the distal skin is warm, and he has located a week pedal pulse. Which action should you perform immediately? - placed the patient on a long spine board and apply the traction splint en route to the hospital - realign and straighten the injured knee, and then immobilize it by binding it to the other leg - Splint then me and the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital - apply a traction splint and straighten the knee until the patient's pain is decreased
splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital
The innermost layer of the skin is the: - subcutaneous - endodermis - epidermis - dermis
subcutaneous
you have been called by family members for their mother, who is "not acting right". At the scene, the family informs you that they are concerned because their 68 year old mother has been complaining of a headache for two days and is now very confused. When asking about a bruise on the right side of her forehead, the family states she fell in church a week ago and hit her head. Since all other aspects of the assessment are unremarkable, you suspect a head injury. Which type of injury would you suspect given the findings and history? - subdural hematoma - epidural hematoma - cerebral concussion - cerebral contusion
subdural hematoma
you are called for a 78-year-old female who fell earlier in the day. As you enter her kitchen, you observe her sitting in a chair with ecchymotic areas to her left cheek and left arm. There also appears to be blood on her pants. She is on home oxygen for COPD and is breathing in a moderately labored manner. The patient states that she fell a few hours ago, and now the pain and swelling in her arm are unbearable. She has also developed significant lower neck pain. What should you do first? - examine her arm for deformity - take manual spinal motion restriction precautions - check her SPO2 level - place a cold pack to her cheek
take manual spinal motion restriction precautions
The splint best suited for easing the pain of muscle spasm associated with fractures of the femur is a: - traction splint - Air inflatable splint - vacuum splint - PASG splint
traction splint
