EMT midterm
Your patient is a 71 year old female complaining of respiratory distress. Her saturations are 82% on room air. You place the patient on a 100% non rebreather. Which of the following changes can lead you to believe the oxygen is helping her. Pick three - Oxygen saturations remain 81% - Her work of breathing increases - Her respiratory rate decreases from 30 to 24 per minute - Her heart rate decreases from 120 to 100 - her lip color changes from cyanotic to slightly pink
- Her respiratory rate decreases from 30 to 24 per minute - Her heart rate decreases from 120 to 100 - her lip color changes from cyanotic to slightly pink
Which of the following three answers are consistent with using a jaw thrust maneuver - gently place one hand on each side of the patient's lower jaw - gently tilt the head backwards to open the airway - use your index fingers to push the angles of the patients lower jar forward - do not tilt or rotate patients head - gently place one hand on the side of the head and the other hand under the occipital region of the head.
- gently place one hand on each side of the patient's lower jaw - use your index fingers to push the angles of the patients lower jar forward - do not tilt or rotate patients head
You are preparing to insert an oropharyngeal airway. Which three answers best support the proper way to insert the this airway. - measure from the corner of the patients mouth to the tip of the earlobe. - measure from the patients nose to the tip of the earlobe. - Only use on patients without a gag reflex - Do not use if a head injury is suspected - insert oropharyngeal airway upside down then rotate 180 degrees once inside the mouth
- measure from the corner of the patients mouth to the tip of the earlobe. - Only use on patients without a gag reflex - insert oropharyngeal airway upside down then rotate 180 degrees once inside the mouth
You arrive on scene and find a 16 year old with acute respiratory failure from an asthma attack. His respirations are 10, and he is semiconscious. Which of the following answers best support your treatment plan for this patient. Pick three. - immediately place him on a 100% non rebreather - request ALS - attempt to insert a nasal airway - assist ventilations with a bag valve mask - apply 4 liters of nasal oxygen without delay.
- request ALS - attempt to insert a nasal airway - assist ventilations with a bag valve mask
You arrive on scene with your partner Kevin to find a seven year old boy unconscious after being dragged from the water. He is not breathing and has no pulse. CPR in this case should be performed at? 30:2 compression to ventilation ratio 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio 5:1 compression to ventilation ratio 30:1 compression to ventilation ratio
15:2 compression to ventilation ratio
When the liter flow on a bag-valve mask unit is set at 15 liters per minute, what is the approximate concentration of oxygen delivered to the patient? 16% 50% 24% 90-100%
90-100%
Anatomic differences in a child's respiratory system can make openings and maintaining the airway a difficult and challenging process. Which of the following choices correctly states some of the problems and solutions associated with these anatomical differences: - A child's pharynx is larger in proportion to that of an adult's and easily blocked by swelling or mucous. Using a nasopharyngeal will assist in passing these blockage and making the airway patent - A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective then techniques used in adults - -A child's cricoid cartilage is larger and less flexible than that of an adult making it more susceptible to blockage. Using a flexible or French catheter to suction the cricoid opening will aid in making the airway patent A child's cricoid cartilage is larger and less flexible than that of an adult making it more susceptible to blockage. Using a flexible or French catheter to suction the cricoid opening will aid in making the airway patent A child's cricoid cartilage is larger and less flexible than that of an adult making it more susceptible to blockage. Using a flexible or French catheter to suction the cricoid opening will aid in making the airway patent - A child's larynx sits more posterior and superior in the throat making it easier for the tongue to fall back and block the trachea. Putting a rolled up towel under the child's head can help align the oropharynx and trachea which will assist in ventilations
A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective then techniques used in adults
EMT's can determine someone dead based on all of the following conditions Except: - Presence of Rigor mortis - Decapitation - Blue, purpleish skin discoloration on the body closest to the ground - Absent pulse upon arrival, warm skin, witnessed event
Absent pulse upon arrival, warm skin, witnessed event
Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should: - Carry out the order and then carefully documented on the run form - Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification - State that you will not carry out the order because it is inappropriate - Obtain consent from the patient and then carry out the orders as usual
Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification
All of the following effect the level of nuclear exposure to an individual except? Time/ length of exposure Age Use of shielding protection objects Distance from source
Age
You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she didn't think anything of it. The patient most likely exposed to: Ebola Anthrax Botulinum Neurotoxin
Anthrax
term used for unlawful touching of somebody Good Samaritan Act HIPAA Assault Battery
Battery
What actions would you take if your patient becomes apneic? - Begin Bag Valve Mask ventilations (ambu) - Immediately place the patient in a prone position - Place the patient on a nasal cannula - Stop all resuscitation efforts
Begin Bag Valve Mask ventilations (ambu)
You respond to the home of a 59-year-old male who is unconscious, has slow, shallow breathing, and a weak pulse. The family states the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order for this patient however they are unable to locate it. You should: - Begin treatment and contact medical control as needed - Honor the patients wishes and withhold all treatments - Transport the patient without providing any treatment - Decide on further action once the DNR order is provided
Begin treatment and contact medical control as needed
The standard that assumes all blood and body fluids are infectious and requires emergency personnel to follow strict procedures to protect themselves from them is referred to as: - Infective body fluid measures - Isolated infection controls - Preventive control substance standards - Body substance isolation
Body substance isolation
The lower airway ends at the Alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermeable membrane. Where does this occur? Capillary bed Bronchioles Capillary blood Veinules
Capillary bed
Your patient is breathing 4 breaths per minute. How will this affect his carbon dioxide level? Co2 will decrease pH will increase Co2 will increase pH will be stable
Co2 will increase
your patient has an evisceration. how would you manage his care? Cover eviscerated parts with dry sterile dressings Cover eviscerated parts with dry sterile dressings and gently push the contents back into stomach Cover eviscerated parts with moist sterile dressings Cover eviscerated parts with moist sterile dressings and gently push the contents back into stomach
Cover eviscerated parts with moist sterile dressings
All of the following are types of radiation exposure except: Alpha Delta Gamma X-Ray
Delta
What does the term dyspnea mean? Difficulty swallowing Difficulty talking Difficulty breathing Difficulty eating
Difficulty breathing
Cyanide causes deadly effects by: Paralyzing the vitim Removing Acth Hyperthermia Disrupting cellular oxygen use
Disrupting cellular oxygen use
Nerve agents work by: - Disrupting normal transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, organs, and glands - Killing the nerve cells - Causing skin destruction - Confusing the patient
Disrupting normal transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, organs, and glands
A legal document, usually signed by the patient and their physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts, is called a(n) Power of Attorney Clinical Certificate Do Not Resuscitate order Duty to Act order
Do Not Resuscitate order
What is the terminology used when a patient has written documentation that they do not want to be resuscitated? Standard of Assumption Do not Resuscitate Standard of Care Comfort One
Do not Resuscitate
An EMT's obligation in certain situations to provide care to a patient is referred to as a(n) Agency Proxy Surrogates role Duty to Act
Duty to Act
What is the term used for a child under the age of 18 who lives on their own and can make decisions on their own? Emancipation of a minor Implied Consent Negligence Consent General Consent Act
Emancipation of a minor
All of the following medications can be administered by an EMT to a patient who was exposed to nerve agent except: Atropine Duodote Auto-Injector Mark I Kit Auto-Injector Epi pen 1:1,000
Epi pen 1:1,000
A patient with a persistent cough informs an EMT that he has tested positive for HIV. On the basis of this information, the EMT-B refuses to treat this patient. Which of the following statements best describes this situation? Medically prudent Legally acceptable Ethically unacceptable Actions are within standard of Care
Ethically unacceptable
You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote location that you are in, you're unable to contact medical control, what should you do? - Perform CPR only and initiate immediate transport - Make continuous attempts to contact medical control - Ask the husband if he wants us to continue resuscitation - Follow locally established protocols or standing orders
Follow locally established protocols or standing orders
What law provides protection from legal action to someone who provides help to an injured person? No law exists Duty to act Good Samaritan Law EMTALA
Good Samaritan
Legal term based on the principle that you should not be liable when assisting another in good faith Good Samaritan Act Standard of Care Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act General Consent Act
Good Samaritan Act
Oropharyngeal airways can be used on unconscious patients, except those who Are in cardiac arrest Have a gag reflex Are younger than 8 years Have a contagious respiratory disease
Have a gag reflex
what is the law that safeguards patient confidentiality? good Samaritan Act Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act General Consent Act Standard of Care
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
You and your partner Tracy are called to a hockey arena where a fan was struck in the side of the chest with a hockey puck that was hit over the protective glass and into the crowd. The man is having a painful time breathing at about sixteen times per minute. He says his ribs really hurt. What should your treatment include? - Chest compression wrap while having the patient maintain his exhaled state - High flow oxygen via non-rebreather and rapid transport - Bag valve mask with oxygen attached - Sweeping the tongue out of the way to look for airway obstruction
High flow oxygen via non-rebreather and rapid transport
Inadequate breathing or inadequate blood circulation can cause: Kyphosis Lordosis Hyperglycemia Hypoxia
Hypoxia
You are placing an OPA in a semi-conscious patient and they start to gag. What should you do next? Assure them its OK Tape the OPA in place Immediately remove the OPA Reposition the OPA
Immediately remove the OPA
You are dispatched to the scene of a 9 year old girl who has been struck by a car. Police are unable to reach her parents. What gives you the ability to treat the girl? Expressed Consent Revoked Consent Implied Consent Informed Consent
Implied Consent
Your 86 year old female patient is dizzy and has chest pain. She states she has known heart failure. Her pulse is 130. What is causing her to be dizziness? - her age - Inadequate time for heart to refill between contraction - high oxygen levels - dementia
Inadequate time for heart to refill between contraction
With a Comfort One (Do Not Resuscitate) order, RIEMS protocol states that we can do all of the following except Suction the patient Administer oxygen Initiate CPR Control bleeding
Initiate CPR
A radiation-enhanced weapon is one that: Contains only gamma radiation Is known as a "dirty bomb." Uses biological material Poses no threat to the responder
Is known as a "dirty bomb."
Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan Law is correct? - It provides the EMT-B immunity from a lawsuit - It guarantees that you will not be held liable if sued - It will not protect you in cases of gross negligence - The law does not protect EMT-B's who are off duty
It will not protect you in cases of gross negligence
You are assessing a 32 year old female who was exposed to radiation during a nuclear WMD attack. Her vital signs are normal and she presents with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Bases on your assessment, how would you categorize her level of exposure? Low exposure Mild exposure Moderate exposure Sever exposure
Low exposure
Your respond to a Convalescent Center for an 88-year-old female with altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and that her physician stated that she will probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient you should: - Depart the scene and allow her to die with dignity - Start CPR, if she experiences cardiopulmonary arrest - Provide no interventions in transport to the hospital - Make her comfortable and provide emotional support
Make her comfortable and provide emotional support
What must you do first before inserting an oral pharyngeal airway? Lubricate it with petroleum gel Measure it from the nose to the earlobe Measure it from the lip to the earlobe Measure it from the lip to the temporal
Measure it from the lip to the earlobe
Your patients respiratory rate drops from 18/minute to 12/minute a minute. How will this affect their minute ventilation? Minute ventilation will increase Minute ventilation will decrease Minute ventilatin should stay the same Minute ventilation should compensate
Minute ventilation will decrease
Any event that places excessive demands on emergency response personnel and equipment is called a: Catastrophe Multiple-casualty incident Disaster Tragedy
Multiple-casualty incident
When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position, but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of: Negligence Standard of Care Battery EMTALA
Negligence
what is the term used for failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide? Negligence Abandonment Consent Refusal of Treatment
Negligence
Which of the following is true regarding suctioning a patient's airway? - Never suction the airway for longer than 15 seconds - Suction only as you insert the catheter into the mouth - BSI precautions are not important if there is no visible blood - You may suction the airway for more than 30 seconds at a time
Never suction the airway for longer than 15 seconds
Questions 1-5 pertain to a bus accident involving twenty injured children and 20 injured adults. You are first on scene to the bus accident. What is you first priority? - Treat critical patients first - Notify dispatch and request additional resources - Start CPR on all pulseless patients - Wait until additional help arrives
Notify dispatch and request additional resources
The nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is often utilized because it: - Comes in more sizes than the oropharyngeal airway - Often does not stimulate the patient's gag reflex - Can be used in head trauma patients - Can be reused
Often does not stimulate the patient's gag reflex
Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the LOWEST tidal volumes? One person bag-valve-mask Two person bag-valve-mask Flow restricted oxygen powered ventilatory device Mouth-to-mask
One person bag-valve-mask
The first step of emergency care in the patient with inadequate breathing is: - Checking for the patient's pulse. - Manually stabilizing the cervical spine - Opening and maintaining the patient's airway. - Looking for and controlling severe bleeding
Opening and maintaining the patient's airway.
The tongue often is a source of airway obstruction; it falls back and occludes the _____? Larynx Larynx Trachea Nasopharynx Pharynx
Pharynx
When multiple patients present with an acute onset of difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and hoarseness or stridor, you should be most suspicious of exposure to: A nerve agent Sarin or Soman A Vesicant Phosphate of chlorine
Phosphate of chlorine
Signs of inadequate breathing include all of the following except: - Retractions above the clavicles, between ribs, and below rib cage - Cyanosis of the lips, ear lobes, or nail beds - Bradypnea - Pink skin and respiratory rate between 12 and 20 per minute
Pink skin and respiratory rate between 12 and 20 per minute
Questions 1-5 pertain to a bus accident involving twenty injured children and 20 injured adults. You are triaging patients from the bus accident and notice a 25 year old alert female holding her lifeless child. As an EMT, what are your responsibilities in this situation? Immediately begin CPR on the baby Immediately begin CPR on the mother Place a black tag on the mother Place a black tag on the child
Place a black tag on the child
In the four-priority triage system, patients who are dead receive what priority level? Priority 3, green Priority 1, red Priority 4 or 0, black Priority 2, yellow
Priority 4 or 0, black
A 40 year old female is at her office. She is confused, unable to answer simple questions (where are you?, who is the president?) but cooperative. She is refusing your care and your offer to transport her. Her vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of illness or injury. You should: - Advise her of possible negative outcomes of her decision - Request police to respond - Treat and transport - Have coworker transport her to the hospital
Request police to respond
The inability to move enough air required for adequate perfusion is known as what? Respiratory Arrest Respiratory Failure Cardiac Failure Pleurisy
Respiratory Failure
You are dispatched to 123 Apple Wood Road to a call for an injured woman. As you approach the door of the home, a man opens the door and tells you "this is none of your business" and to "get out of here". What is the correct course of action in this case? - Return to the ambulance and tell dispatch that the patient has refused care - Reason with the man and explain that the women may need medical attention - Return to the ambulance drive a safe distance away and call for the police to help - Barge past the man and help the woman in the home
Return to the ambulance drive a safe distance away and call for the police to help
Which is the most important method to protect yourself from exposure during a WMD call? Scene safety BSI PPE Use SCBA
Scene safety
Which is not one of the three initial roles of an EMT at a WMD incident? Establish an EMS Incident Command Notify dispatch Be alert for secondary device Self administer Mark I Kit auto-injector
Self administer Mark I Kit auto-injector
A vesicant is an agent that affects the: Nerves Skin, lungs, and eyes Gastrointestinal system Brain
Skin, lungs, and eyes
Stimulation of the back of a patient's throat when suctioning may cause Convulsions Unequal pupils Slowed heart rate Cyanosis
Slowed heart rate
A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5 Fahrenheit and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, they are identical in shape and size. The patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with: Smallpox Sarin toxicity Yellow fever virus Anthrax
Smallpox
While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor-vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your MOST appropriate action should be to: - Stop and render care - Leave your partner on scene and continue to drive your patient to the hospital - Stop at the accident and request another ambulance to transport your patient with chest pain - Continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash
Stop at the accident and request another ambulance to transport your patient with chest pain
You are dispatched to a call of a woman with a severe stomach ache. When you arrive on scene you find her doubled over in pain lying on the floor of the bathroom. There is vomit in the toilet and your patient is complaining that she is going to vomit again. She denies falling or having any pain anywhere but her stomach. Assessing her abdomen you find it to be very tender to touch and she pulls away when you palpate only ½ inch deep. What other signs and symptoms might you find with this patient? - Tachycardia-hypotension-fever - Bottle of poison-cyanosis-and crepitus - Broken rib-hypertension-and deep rapid breathing - Rebound tenderness-metabolic acidosis
Tachycardia-hypotension-fever
You respond to a baby not breathing. Upon arrival you find a 3 month old not breathing and pulseless. You begin CPR. The parents grab you and say "is my baby going to be okay?" What do you say? - "Your baby will be fine." - Do not answer the parent - Tell them he is dead - Tell them he does not have a pulse, but we are doing the best we can to restart it but he is not responding well
Tell them he does not have a pulse, but we are doing the best we can to restart it but he is not responding well
You applied a three-sided dressing to an open chest wound. After five minutes you notice your patient's respiratory rate is increasing, heart rate is increased by 15%, pulse ox is down to 84% and cyanosis is present. What life-threatening condition is presenting and what can an EMT do to remedy this situation? - Simple pneumothorax; tape down all four sides - Tension pneumothorax; lift a corner of the dressing to allow pressure to escape - Sub-Q emphysema; begin assisting breathing with positive-pressure ventilation - Normal; continue monitoring, as this reaction is to be expected
Tension pneumothorax; lift a corner of the dressing to allow pressure to escape
You are assisting ventilations via Bag Valve Mask (ambu) device. How can you determine that your ventilations are effective? - The patient becomes cyanotic. - The patient vomits - The patient's chest is rising and falling with each ventilation. - The pulse oximeter goes from 86% to 80%.
The patient's chest is rising and falling with each ventilation.
You arrive on scene of a motor vehicle versus pedestrian accident. The patient is a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parent will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? - Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital - Treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent - Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital - Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent for treatment
Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital
The unit responsible for the monitoring, overseeing of inventories, and direction of available ambulances to the treatment unit is called the _____ unit. Incident command Staging Transportation Communication
Transportation
You suspect that a six-year-old girl has broken her leg after a fall from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should: - Use your authority under the Implied Consent law - Try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed - Ask the mother to sign a refusal form and then leave - Tell the mother that her refusal is a form of child abuse
Try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed
Which of the following is the most effective method for administering ventilations to an apneic patient? Two person bag-valve-mask Mouth-to-nose One person bag-valve-mask Mouth-to-mouth
Two person bag-valve-mask
Which situation would indicate using the Jaw Thrust Maneuver? When a cervical spinal injury is suspected When a clavicle fracture is suspected When a brain injury is suspected When a mandibular fracture is suspected
When a cervical spinal injury is suspected
Under what circumstances can you legally release confidential patient information - When a detective needs information about a suspect - When the patient is competent and signs a release form - At the family's request - When media is recording in a public space
When the patient is competent and signs a release form
How should you ventilate a patient with a bag valve mask (ambu bag)? - Aggressively, given them all the air available in the BVM - With only as much ventilation needed to adequately provide adequate chest rise - Until medical control says to use the AED - Only after you know the patient is apneic
With only as much ventilation needed to adequately provide adequate chest rise
You are triaging four patients who are involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest triage category? a 50-year-old male with an open head injury and no pulse a 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing a 36-year-old female with back pain and numb extremities a 29-year-old male with bilateral close femur deformities
a 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing
Dispatch has called you and your partner Scott to a residence where a 26-year-old man has suffered an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest. Law enforcement is on scene and a deputy escorts the two of you into the house where the man is lying supine on the floor holding his chest. His respirations are approximately 28 breaths a minute and his pulse is 124. Moving the patient's hands away reveals a bullet entrance to the 10th rib on the right side. You hear air escaping and notice blood bubbling around the site with each breath. This type of wound is called ________________________ and is best managed by _______________________. - a sucking chest wound / covering the wound with a 2 sided dressing in order to allow air to escape - a sucking chest wound / covering the wound with a 3 sided dressing in order to allow air to escape - a sucking chest wound / covering the wound with a 4 sided dressing in order to allow air not to escape - a peritoneal protrusion / raising the patient's legs up approximately 6-12 inches during transport
a sucking chest wound / covering the wound with a 3 sided dressing in order to allow air to escape
Your patient is the driver of a car that was hit head-on. You find her lying on the sidewalk with her knees drawn toward her chest. She has no specific complaints. You suspect: - little or no injury because she has gotten out of the car - abdominal trauma due to mechanism of injury and positioning - leg injuries due to mechanism of injury - paradoxical motion due to patient positioning
abdominal trauma due to mechanism of injury and positioning
A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should: - vigorously palpate abdomen to establish pain severity - administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport - place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once - request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication
administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport
A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collision with an oncoming truck. He is conscious, has a rapid and shallow breathing pattern, and is producing copious bloody secretions from his mouth. How would you manage his airway? - Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed - insert a nasopharyngeal airway, provide suction and assisted ventilations - alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with two minutes and assisted ventilations - provide continuous ventilations with a BVM device to minimize tissue hypoxia
alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with two minutes and assisted ventilations
Which of the following is not a sign of labored breathing: - diminished breath sounds - use of accessory muscles to breathe - an adult with a respiratory rate of 12 press per minute - an infant with a respiratory rate of 12 press per minute
an adult with a respiratory rate of 12 press per minute
Your patient is a 32 year old motorcycle accident victim. He is unresponsive, with massive bleeding from his left leg. His oxygen saturation is 78%, his pulse is 138, and respirations are 40 and shallow. What cellular metabolism is most likely occurring in his body? aerobic metabolism anaerobic metabolism homerostasis decreased lactic acid
anaerobic metabolism
a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix is called? appendicitis diverticulitis pancreatitis appendectomy
appendicitis
Your patient is supine on the sidewalk. As you approach, you observe an open wound to the anterior chest wall. You should first: - administer oxygen - dress and bandage the wound - apply an occlusive dressing - determine his heart rate
apply an occlusive dressing
what is the term used for unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm without consent? Good Samaritan Act HIPAA Assault Battery
assault
Which of the following assessment procedures would best confirm your suspicion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm? - palpate the abdomen for rebound tenderness - perform deep palpation of the abdomen - perform the Markel test - assess the pedal pulses
assess the pedal pulses
You and your partner arrived at the scene for a truck that has crashed into a small building, injuring eight people. You immediately request additional ambulances and begin the triage process. The first patient that you triage is a young female who is unconscious and is not breathing. She has an open head injury and her pulse is weak and thread. You should: assess the severity of her open head injury place a red tag on her and continue triaging begin bag valve mask ventilation place a black tag on her
assess the severity of her open head injury
Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has shallow respirations of 5 per minute. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should: - assist ventilations via bag valve mask - asked the firefighter what the patient was exposed to - administer 100% oxygen non rebreather - perform a rapid trauma assessment to locate injuries
assist ventilations via bag valve mask
A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with marked reduction in tidal volume. The most appropriate airway management for her includes: - hyperventilating with 30 breaths a minute - administering oxygen via non-rebreather - ventilation assistance to maintain the saturation of 90% - assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate
assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate
What is the first assessment an EMT should make when approaching any scene? - Initiate body substance isolation (BSI) - Call for assistance - Consider Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) - Assure the scene is safe
assure the scene is safe
If a patient refuses treatment and an EMT treats the patient anyway, what crime can the EMT be charged with? Medical Malpractice Battery Slander Kidnapping
battery
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of three hours duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your most important consideration for this patient should be to: - transport in a supine position - be alert for signs and symptoms of shock - assess his blood pressure to determine if he has hyperperfusion - determine the exact location and cause of this pain
be alert for signs and symptoms of shock
Because the oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is likely to stimulate the patient's gag reflex, the rescuer should: Select a larger size OPA be prepared to suction use the next smaller size OPA tape the OPA in place
be prepared to suction
While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be most suspicious for: - underlying cardiac disease - a lacerated coronary artery - bruising of the heart muscle - traumatic rupture of the aorta
bruising of the heart muscle
You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival, you see people frantically fleeing the building and screaming. Everyone is passing out. You should: - carefully assess situation and ensure your own safety - assist with the evacuation and begin triaging the patient's - notify dispatch and state that this is a terrorist attack - contact the FBI immediately or the current situation
carefully assess situation and ensure your own safety
A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in her right upper quadrant and referred pain to her right shoulder. The most likely cause of her pain is: - acute cystitis - cholecystitis - appendicitis - pancreatitis
cholecystitis
You are transporting a 49-year-old male with tearing abdominal pain. You're approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your ongoing assessment, you determine the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should: - begin ventilatory assistance with a BVM device - immediately performing a detailed physical examination - continue transport and alert the receiving hospital - consider requesting an ALS intercept
consider requesting an ALS intercept
Your patient suddenly starts to hyperventilate during transport to the hospital. What affects will this have on the body? increased carbon dioxide decrease carbon dioxide decrease pH increased risk of edema
decrease carbon dioxide
Damage to alveoli's can cause: decrease removal of carbon dioxide increase oxygen levels decreased red blood cells aerobic metabolism
decrease removal of carbon dioxide
Your patient informs you that he has a weak heart and that his heart is not pumping as well as it should. What is the medical term for this description? decreased cardiac output increasd cardiac output adaquarte heart chamber filling times increased stroke volume
decreased cardiac output
Your patient is a 70 year old male who presents with acute abdominal pain, vomiting blood, blood pressure is 96/45, heart rate 122, respiratory rate 26, patient is cool and clammy. He states that he felt a tear in his stomach then had intense pain. What condition is your patient most likely presenting with? Descending Abdominal Aneurysm Appendicitis Diverticulitis Pneumothorax
descending abdominal aneurysm
Colic is pain caused by: - irritation of the parietal peritoneum - distention or contraction of hollow organs - blunt trauma to the solid abdominal organs - vigorous palpation of abdominal quadrants
distention or contraction of hollow organs
You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to me unconscious. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What you do? - remain where you are performing visual inspection of the patient - cover your face with your shirt and quickly extricate the injured driver - exit the area immediately and gather information for the hazardous materials team - realize that you are in the danger zone and prevent others from entering
exit the area immediately and gather information for the hazardous materials team
What type of consent is obtained for someone who verbally tells you "yes" you can treat them? Implied Consent Expressed Consent Minors Consent Negligence Consent
expressed consent
You get dispatched to a patient with a syncope episode. What is the definition of syncope? fainted vomited seizing assaulted
fainted
You arrive on scene with your partner Mandy to transport a patient that has been throwing up blood that looked like coffee grounds. This sign would lead you to believe that this patient has? Esophageal Varices Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed Pleuratenial Intestotrophy Lung Cancer
gastrointesinal (GI) bleed
You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of the personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As a SWAT team escort you to the patient, you should: - limit your initial assessment to airway breathing only - treat only critical injuries before moving him to a safe place - grab him by the cloths and immediately move him to safety - perform a rapid assessment and move him to a safe area
grab him by the cloths and immediately move him to safety
Questions 1-5 pertain to a bus accident involving twenty injured children and 20 injured adults. You continue triage and find a four year old girl crying. Vital signs are stable with no apparent injuries. What category would you place this patient? green yellow red black
green
Which the following would be most important when attempting to ventilate a patient with facial trauma: - tilt the head back to properly ventilate the patient - establish a nasopharyngeal airway immediately - have a suctioning device close by in case significant blood or vomit needs to be suctioned out of the airway - immediately place the patient on his right side to avoid bleeding into the oropharynx
have a suctioning device close by in case significant blood or vomit needs to be suctioned out of the airway
Your patient was kicked repeatedly in the chest and head during an assault. As you approach, you see him lying on the ground moaning, with paradoxical motion of the chest. His breathing is also rapid and deep. You should first: - apply bandage around his chest - have your partner hold cervical spine stabilization - obtain vital signs - administer oxygen via non-rebreather
have your partner hold cervical spine stabilization
what is the term used to describe blood in the pleural space? Closed (Simple) Pneumothorax Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound) Hemothorax Tension Pneumothorax
hemothorax
Your patient informs you that he has low platelets. What should you be concerned with during transport? - he most likely will go into respiratory arrest - he is prone to infections - he will become septic - his clotting time is longer then normal people
his clotting time is longer then normal people
What type of consent is obtained for a patient who is unconscious or unable to communicate and is suffering from what appears to be a life-threatening injury or illness. Implied Consent Expressed Consent Minors Consent Negligence Consen
implied consent
A patient presents with a left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Which of the following would best suggest that a tension pneumothorax was developing? - decreased lung sounds of the left - jugular venous distention - hypertension - oxygen saturation levels of 98% on room air
jugular venous distention
While working in the treatment area during a mass casualty incident, a yellow tagged patient states that he is feeling better. His vital signs are stable. You should: - keep him in the treatment area and monitor him - downgrade his condition to a lower priority level - - allow him to leave the treatment area on his own ensure that he is one of the first to be transported
keep him in the treatment area and monitor him
all of the following are hollow organs EXCEPT: intestine gallbladder kidneys urinary
kidneys
all of the following are found in your left upper quadrant (LUQ) EXCEPT: liver stomach spleen pancreas
liver
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to his upper right quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment you note that his skin and sclera are jaundice. You should suspect: - acute pancreatitis - liver dysfunction - gallbladder disease - renal insufficiency
liver dysfunction
Your patient was hit with a baseball bat to the back of his head. His respirations are 4. What area of the brain controls breathing and in this case is most likely injured. medulla oblongata lumbar spine 6-7 pedal artery mandible nerve
medulla oblongata
A 24-year-old female patient has fallen from the roof of her house and is unconscious. The best method of opening her airway is the _____ maneuver. - head-tilt, chin-lift - head-tilt, neck-lift head-tilt, neck-lift head-tilt, neck-lift - modified jaw-thrust - tongue-chin lift
modified jaw-thrust
Following a bar fight, you have taken three sets of vitals on your patient. At 2330 vitals were: pulse 80/regular; respirations 20/regular; BP 140/78. The vitals at 2335 were: pulse 102/regular; respirations 24/regular; BP 120/88. Your latest set at 2340 were: pulse 130/regular; respirations 28/labored; BP 100/92. You suspect: stroke traumatic asphyxia traumatic emphysema pericardial tamponade
pericardial tamponade
what is the term used to describe blood leakage into pericardial space? Closed (Simple) Pneumothorax Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound) Hemothorax Pericardial Tamponade
pericardial tamponade
the covering of the lungs is called: peritoneum pleura periosteum pericardium
pleura
a hole in the lung where air becomes trapped between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura is called? Open Chest Wound Pleural edema Pneumothorax Subcutaneous emphysema
pneumothorax
A 23-year-old male presents conscious and alert, supine on the ground with an obvious abdominal evisceration. Bystanders tell you that he fell from a second-story balcony and struck an iron fence. You should first: - flex the patient's hip and knees - cover the evisceration with moist sterile dressings - provide cervical spine stabilization - administer oxygen
provide cervical spine stabilization
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to: - provide emotional support en route to the hospital - administer analgesic medication to alleviate pain - encourage the patient to remain in a supine position - give 100% oxygen only if signs of shock are present
provide emotional support en route to the hospital
A six-year-old female was riding her bike and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, with obvious difficulty. Your rapid trauma assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissue of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to appropriate airway management, the intervention that will most likely improve her chances survival is: - request a paramedic ambulance - careful monitoring of her vital signs - rapidly transporting her to the hospital - quickly immobilizing her spinal column
rapidly transporting her to the hospital
Questions 1-5 pertain to a bus accident involving twenty injured children and 20 injured adults. You come across an unconscious 14 year old patient with apparent head injuries. He is breathing with a weak pulse. How would you categorize this patient? green yellow red black
red
Your patient with an evisceration becomes tachycardic, cool, and hypotensive during transport; your next action should be to: - immediately decrease the oxygen level. - support the injury with the patient's arm. - reevaluate priority status and expedite transport. - loosen one corner of the dressing
reevaluate priority status and expedite transport.
what is the term used to describe a radiating pain that is felt at a location away from the point of origin?
referred pain
A nasal cannula should be used to deliver oxygen to a patient who: - has severe trouble breathing - is having a severe heart attack - requires a high concentration of oxygen. requires a high concentration of oxygen. requires a high concentration of oxygen - requires low amounts of oxygen
requires low amounts of oxygen
As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: - place the patient in a high visibility area and then respond to the call - inform the administrative clerk of the situation and the respondent once -leave a copy of the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call - respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician
respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician
Minute ventilation may be reduced if: rib fractures injury to the femur common cold nose bleed
rib fractures
Your patient informs you that she always wears a mask in public because she has low white blood cells. Why is wearing a mask in public important for this patient? - she can easily get an infection - the mask makes it easier for her to breath - she does not want to spread her - low WBC disease she cant let the cold air hit her lips
she can easily get an infection
Your 88 year old female patient informs you that she is anemic and short of breath. What concerns do you have during transport? - she may require more oxygen than normal during transport - must lie her supine during transport - administer narcan at 1/2 dose - she may require less oxygen during transport
she may require more oxygen than normal during transport
Body substance isolation (BSI) consists of all of the following except? Hand washing Showering Gloves and eye protection Mask and gowns
showering
You respond to an 88 year old female with abdominal pains. Vital signs are stable and your physical assessment reveals a distended abdomen. Patient claims she has not defecated in two days. Her temp is 98.6 and she appears pale. What medical condition is your patient most likely presenting with? evisceration diverticulitis pancreatitis small bowel obstruction
small bowel obstruction
Which of the following three structures are located in the upper airway. Choose three. soft palate epiglottis bronchiole alveoli vocal cords
soft palate epiglottis vocal cords
all of the following are found in your right upper quadrant (RUQ) EXCEPT: liver gallbladder part of the large intestine spleen
spleen
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he is a barrel shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breast sounds, and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition? - rupture of the diaphragm - exacerbation of the COPD - acute pulmonary embolism - spontaneous pneumothorax
spontaneous pneumothorax
What is the standard that states: similarly qualified practitioners would have managed the patient's care under the same or similar circumstances. Standard of Care Standard of Consent Standard of Assumption Standard on Neglect
standard of care
all of the following are solid organs EXCEPT: liver spleen stomach pancreas
stomach
A 71-year-old male is unconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There was vomitus on his face and he is breathing with shallow, slow respirations. The most appropriate initial airway management for this patient is to: - insert a nasopharyngeal airway - assist breathing with BVM - suction airway - apply oxygen via non-rebreather mask
suction airway
A patient is ejected from his vehicle during a high-speed rollover crash. There is blood in his airway and he has gurgling respirations that are slow and shallow. You note paradoxical movement of the right and anterior chest wall, and unstable pelvis, and an open femur fracture. You should first: - stabilize the flail chest - ventilate with a bag valve mask - suction the airway - manually stabilize the pelvis and femur
suction the airway
You come across a scene where the patient appears to be in respiratory distress and is making a gurgling noise. You immediately know that you need to: place a king airway in this patient suction the patient immediately log roll the patient perform chest thrust on the patient
suction the patient immediately
The unit responsible for distributing the medical materials and equipment necessary to render care is called the _____ unit. staging supply extrication triage
supply
You respond to an assault, upon arrival you find a 33-year-old male patient who was hit in the chest with a golf club. He presents with; jugular venous distension, respiratory distress, and hypotension. What do you suspect as the injury? - rib fractures - subcutaneous emphysema - sucking chest wound - tension pneumothorax
tension pneumothorax
Which of the following is NOT a true statement? - The oropharyngeal airway should be selected for an unconscious patient - the oropharyngeal airway is a better choice for a patient who is having seizures - a conscious patient is likely to experience the gag reflex with the use of an oropharyngeal airway - the nasopharyngeal airway is less likely to stimulate the gag reflex
the oropharyngeal airway is a better choice for a patient who is having seizures
Which of the following would be considered an indicator of adequate ventilation? - the patient's skin has a bluish tinge - the patient has a heart rate of 120 bpm - the patient has a distended abdomen - the patient is being ventilated at minimal 12 breaths per minute
the patient is being ventilated at minimal 12 breaths per minute
A 66-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and nausea. She has a history of hypotension and occasional depression. When caring for this patient, you should be most concerned with: - the possibility that she may vomit - determining the origin of her pain - the emotional effects caused by the pain - an acute rise in her systolic blood pressure
the possibility that she may vomit
You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Initial management for this patient should include: - assisting her ventilations via BVM - thoroughly suctioning oropharynx - performing a rapid medical assessment - request a paramedic to give her atropine
thoroughly suctioning oropharynx
Your patient has heart failure and presents with edema in her legs. What is the cause of her edema? not enough water in teh body too much water in the body dehydration increased cardon dioxide
too much water in the body
A system used for sorting patients to determine the order in which they will receive medical care or transportation to definitive care is called staging triage assessment treatment
triage
Your patient presents complaining of cloudy, foul-smelling urine, pain with urination, and left flank pain. Which of the following is most likely cause of the symptoms? - kidney stones - peritonitis - urinary tract infection - kidney failure
urinary tract infection
Your patient was involved in a skill saw mishap which amputated is left hand. Upon arrival your patient appears to be in shock. What is happening to the blood vessels in his body? they constrict they dilate they became over extended vessels lose ability to constrict and dilate
vessels lose ability to constrict and dilate
You are on scene at a building collapse. Your 21 year old patient is pinned under a beam. Your partner asks how the patient's tidal volumes looks to you. What does tidal volumes refer to? patients pulse assessment cyanosis volume of air in and out of lungs estimated respiratory rate
volume of air in and out of lungs
your patient has hematemesis. what does this mean? nose bleed coughing up blood blood in urine vomiting blood
vomiting blood
a flail segment occurs: - when initiated by paradoxical motion - with fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places - only from bullet or knife wounds after a pneumothorax
with fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places
Questions 1-5 pertain to a bus accident involving twenty injured children and 20 injured adults. You continue to triage patients and notice a 31 year old male patient with a broken ankle and a two inch laceration to his left hand. What category would you place this patient? green yellow red black
yellow
