EMT- Special Populations Exam

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at?

7:57

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with?

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would most likely have to?

place blankets behind the patient's head.

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should?

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

When assessing an 8 year old child, you should?

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that?

the injury might have been preceded by a medical condition.

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth.

15-30 seconds

during the natural process of aging comma the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases comma resulting in?

A decreased ability to cough.

In contrast to a living will, a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order becomes valid when?

A patient develops cardiac arrest.

Term gestation?

A pregnancy that has reached full term.

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular, and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing?

A subdural hematoma.

An 84 year old female fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today she presents with an altered mental status. Her skin is pale and cold and her respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect?

A systemic infection.

Define multigravita

A woman who has had previous pregnancies.

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they?

Are taking blood thinning medications.

What are the components of APGAR score?

Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration

A 70-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should?

Administer high flow oxygen.

According to the emergency, medical treatment and Active Labor Act:

All health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patients ability to pay.

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious but diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should suspect?

An aortic aneurysm.

What are the three elements of the pediatric assessment triangle?

Appearance, work of breathing and circulation to the skin.

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should?

Only have 1 EMT talk to the patient at a time.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's?

Belly Button

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the?

Birth Canal

Which of the following findings is least suggestive of child abuse?

Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver.

What is an indication of an imminent birth?

Crowning of the baby's head.

An elderly patient might understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because?

They fear hospitalization.

What are the signs and symptoms in the infant or child with meningitis?

Headache and fever, A stiff or painful neck, altered mental status.

The son of an 88 year old patient states that he told his mother to double the dose of her antibiotics so she would get better, faster. This represents a problem given that the elderly have a?

Decreased liver and kidney function.

After a baby is born, it is important to?

Ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed.

A 75-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following findings should alert the EMT to the possibility of a pulmonary embolism?

Hx of DVT

You are assessing a 70 year old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads high. She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92 / 52 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 BPM and week, Her respirations are 22 breaths a minute and shallow. The patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with?

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

What is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

Increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that?

Is wrapped around the baby's neck.

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called?

Kyphosis

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

Physical

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would most likely predispose the older patient to?

Pneumonia.

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called?

Polypharmacy

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to?

Prevent access cerebral spinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should?

Provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

Three days after delivering a baby, a 30 year old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing period. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardiac. The EMT should suspect?

Pulmonary embolism.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the?

Start of one to the start of the next.

When assessing a 91 year old female who fell, what assessment finding should concern the EMT? Most?

Sudden onset of confusion.

What immediately happens after ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation.

What observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

Define placenta previa

The placenta develops over and covers the cervix.

Define Abruptio placentae

The placenta separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus.

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

Uterus

Osteoporosis is defined as?

a decrease in bone mass and density.

Define Eclampsia

a severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures.

Define primigravida

a woman who is pregnant for the first time

What are the common causes of depression in elderly patients?

alcohol abuse and dependence. chronic medical conditions. prescription medication use.

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by?

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should?

attempt to resuscitate the patient.

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is most important for the EMT to?

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

The only indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are?

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

Syncope in the older patient is?

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is most important to?

determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. You should?

determine the patient's baseline mental status.

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving, and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should?

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.

EMTs are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old woman who is ill. The patient's daughter states that her mother almost fainted after going to the bathroom and that her pulse was very slow. The patient's pulse rate is 80 beats/min and irregular, and she is conscious and alert. The EMTs should suspect that the patient?

experienced a vasovagal response.

Define preeclampsia

hypertension diagnosed during pregnancy + proteinuria, usually during the 3rd trimester.

The term primigravida refers to a woman who?

is pregnant for the first time.

CPR is in progress on a pulseless and apneic 29-year-old woman who is 37 weeks pregnant. When treating this patient, the EMT should?

manually displace the patient's uterus to the left.

In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa?

might present without significant abdominal pain.

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her?

on a firm surface with her hips elevated two to four inches.

The umbilical cord carries?

oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to?

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

Eclampsia is most accurately defined as?

seizures that result from severe hypertension.

The third stage of labor begins when the?

the baby is expelled from the vagina.

During delivery, it is most important to position your partner at the mother's head because?

the mother might become nauseated and vomit.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that?

the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.

After delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because?

the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction.