EMT Written Final

Your patient is an approximately eight year old female that has been hit by a car. Upon arrival PD directs you to the patient who is supine on the ground and unresponsive. There is no parent on scene. What should you do? Have PD place the child into protective custody so you can begin treatment. Quickly check the child for an emergency contact number. Treat and transport the patient under implied consent. Treat and transport the patient under 401.445.

Treat and transport the patient under implied consent.

Your patient is a 45-year-old man who is suffering from chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient is pale, sweaty, and seems short of breath. The patient is angry with his daughter for calling 911. He says that he had some spicy sausage for breakfast and has indigestion. Which of the following is an appropriate means of getting the patient the care he needs? Try to find out why the patient does not want to go to the hospital. Call the patient's neighbors and tell them that you have been called to the patient's house but he is now refusing care. Inform the patient that if he does not agree to treatment, you will have to take him against his will because he has a potentially life-threatening problem. Tell the patient that his chest pain is most likely caused by his diet, have him take an antacid, and go to bed.

Try to find out why the patient does not want to go to the hospital.

Which system is responsible for the removal of bi-products of metabolism? Respiratory Cardiovascular Urinary Digestive

Urinary

What is the name for a balance between the circulatory system and ventilation? V/Q match C/V match C/Q match A/C match

V/Q match

The structures within the lung that allow exchange of gases with the bloodstream bronchioles. pleura. alveoli. carina.

alveoli.

The method of taking blood pressure by using a stethoscope to listen to the characteristic sounds produced is called: auscultation. articulation. palpation. pulsation.

auscultation

The point at which the trachea divides into the two mainstem bronchi is called the: carina. sternal notch. xiphoid process. hypopharynx.

carina.

Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called: vital capacity. bronchial air. tidal volume. dead air space.

dead air space.

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: failure. hypoxia. distress. arrest.

distress.

You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 17-month-old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should: visually examine the airway. tilt the head back further. perform chest thrusts. ease the head forward a little.

ease the head forward a little

A written authorization for an EMS provider to perform a particular skill in a specific situation is a(n): on-line protocol. standard of care. direct medical order. standing order.

standing order

You are preparing to transport the above patient to the hospital. Dispatch then advises that you may wish to change to another destination because the hospital's CT scanner is out of service. Why is this important? The patient will need to have a heart exam to rule out any cardiac problems. People that have strokes may also have fractures from falls. A CT is required to see which side of the body is being affected. A CT will help determine if it's an ischemic (blockage) or hemorrhagic (bleed) stroke, which are treated differently.

A CT will help determine if it's an ischemic (blockage) or hemorrhagic (bleed) stroke, which are treated differently.

In which of the following situations should the EMT consult the North American Emergency Response Guidebook? A chlorine gas leak at a public swimming pool A domestic disturbance with the potential for violence A patient with a suspected infectious disease Downed power lines at the scene of a vehicle collision

A chlorine gas leak at a public swimming pool

Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver? A 35-year-old diabetic woman found unresponsive in the driver's seat of her vehicle in the parking lot of her apartment complex A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders A 50-year-old woman who choked on a piece of food while dining in a restaurant and slid out of her chair A 25-year-old man who is still unresponsive after a grand mal seizure

A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders

Which of the following patients should NOT be transported in a stair chair? A patient with difficulty breathing A patient who is nauseated A patient with a suspected spinal injury A patient found lying in bed

A patient with a suspected spinal injury

Patients in which age group tend to be very concerned with body image? School age Adolescence Middle adulthood Early adulthood

Adolescence

Which of the following factors should be considered before lifting any patient? The weight of the patient Your physical limitations Communications All of the above

All of the above

While caring for a trauma patient who is in late adulthood, you must be concerned with which of the following? Decreased ability to perceive pain Physical traits that make it difficult to spinally restrict Medications that may hide symptoms All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following techniques is used when formulating the general impression? Detecting odors Listening for unusual sounds Looking for visual clues All of the above

All the above

A patient that is considered a threat to themselves or others may be transported to the hospital under the ______ Act Myers Marchman Baker Good Samaritan

Baker

You are called to a farmhouse on a sunny spring afternoon. Upon arrival, a frantic mother tells you that her 3-year-old daughter was playing in the yard, accidentally stepped on a hornets' nest, and was stung repeatedly. The patient is alert, screaming and crying, and can follow her mother's commands. Her arms and legs are swollen and show the marks of several stings. Her body is covered in hives. Her vital signs are blood pressure 90/40, pulse 110, respiratory rate 24, and oxygen saturation 99 percent. Her lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her mother states she put "nox-a sting" on the bites but the bites only seemed to get worse. What condition is the patient suffering from? A minor anaphylactic reaction A moderate anaphylactic reaction An allergic reaction from the hornets' stings An anaphylactic reaction from the 'nox-a-sting' swabs

An allergic reaction from the hornets' stings

During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked? At the radial artery At the femoral artery At the brachial artery At the carotid artery

At the radial artery

Once you have established with reasonable certainty that your patient is suffering from a behavioral emergency, which of the following is the best course of action? Establish the best way to restrain the patient before he has the opportunity to become violent. Begin intense individual counseling with the patient. Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior. There is no need to assess for medical conditions if the patient does not have a history of past medical problems.

Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior.

Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses? Contractility Conductivity Automaticity Irritability

Automaticity

The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur? Breathe slower and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become pale Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become warm Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and slower, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale

Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale

Which of the following BEST defines inadequate breathing? Wheezing noises when breathing Breathing that is insufficient to sustain life Breathing slower than normal Breathing faster than normal

Breathing that is insufficient to sustain life

Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the EMT to take when caring for a patient with an AICD who goes into cardiac arrest? The AED should be applied and used, but CPR should not be started while on-scene or transporting the patient. No action beyond transport is required since the patient already has an implanted defibrillator. CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient. CPR should be started, but the AED should not be used while on-scene or transporting the patient.

CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient.

You and your partner arrive on the scene of a 400-pound patient lying in bed. He complains of nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. When he tries to sit up, he gets very dizzy and has a syncopal episode. Realizing that he cannot assist you in getting on the stretcher, you decide to do which of the following? Use the patient's sheets to slide him over to the stretcher. Place the patient on a backboard to provide better gripping points to move the patient. Use the power lift technique to carefully and safely lift the patient to the stretcher. Call for additional manpower to move the patient

Call for additional manpower to move the patient

You are standing by at the scene of a house fire. The fire crew brings you a patient that was found inside the house. The patient is a 70 year old male complaining of nausea, vomiting, and a severe headache. He appears confused. His vital signs are 160/90, 110, and 24. Skin is warm, dry, and normal color. He has mild dyspnea. Pupils are PERRL, and he has normal PMS all four extremities. The pulse ox reading is 100%. What condition are you suspecting? Carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon dioxide poisoning CVA Congestive heart failure

Carbon monoxide poisoning

What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine? Sacral and coccygeal Cervical and thoracic Cervical and lumbar Lumbar and sacral

Cervical and lumbar

The regulations that govern EMS in Florida that require approval by the legislature are: Chapter 911 Chapter 401, Florida Statutes 64J, Florida Administraive Code Marchman Act

Chapter 401, Florida Statutes

A patient that is unable to make an informed decision about their health care due to a medical condition affecting their judgement may be transported against their will under the ______ Act. Good Samaritan Marchman Baker Chapter 401.445

Chapter 401.445

You are treating a patient in cardiac arrest. You have delivered a shock and have now completed two minutes of CPR. You are able to locate a carotid pulse. What is your next action? Resume compressions Push analyze on the AED Check for respirations Disconnect the AED pads

Check for respirations

Your patient is a 65 year old male complaining of difficulty breathing. Your general impression shows a patient with a thin build and a barrel chest. He is sitting in a tripod position using accessory muscles to breathe. His respiratory pattern shows a quick inspiration and a long expiration. Lung sounds are clear but diminished. There is no cough and the patient is not bringing up any sputum. On expiration the patient appears to be forcing the air out through pursed lips. Based on his appearance, what medical condition may you suspect? Pulmonary edema Congestive heart failure Chronic bronchitis Emphysema

Emphysema

While transporting a patient in cardiac arrest to the hospital, you are performing CPR with the assistance of a fireman. When should your reassessment be performed? Every 2 minutes Every 10 minutes Every 15 minutes With return of spontaneous circulation

Every 2 minutes

You are moving an elderly patient down the stairs using a stair chair. The patient is alert and very anxious. What should you do prior to moving the patient to prevent her from grabbing the railing and causing you to fall? Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her. Gently tie the patient's hands together until you are downstairs to prevent her from unconsciously grabbing the railing. Use a strap to safely secure the patient's arms to the chair without causing any loss of circulation to the patient's extremities. Place the patient on oxygen during the move to calm her down.

Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her.

You are moving an elderly patient down the stairs using a stair chair. The patient is alert and very anxious. What should you do prior to moving the patient to prevent her from grabbing the railing and causing you to fall? Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her. Gently tie the patient's hands together until you are downstairs to prevent her from unconsciously grabbing the railing. Use a strap to safely secure the patient's arms to the chair without causing any loss of circulation to the patient's extremities. Place the patient on oxygen during the move to calm her down.

Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her.

Which type of consent must be used by the EMT when seeking to treat a mentally competent adult? Unconditional consent Expressed consent Conscious consent Implied consent

Expressed consent

You are on the scene with a 72-year-old male patient with chest pain. The patient is complaining of shortness of breath but also refuses to go to the hospital, even after multiple attempts urging him to go. Which of the following should you do next? Stay with the patient until he loses consciousness. Fully inform the patient about his situation and the implications of refusing care. Inform the patient that he is having a 'heart attack' and must be taken to the hospital for evaluation. Contact medical direction for orders to restrain the patient.

Fully inform the patient about his situation and the implications of refusing care.

You arrive on scene to find a 22 year old female who has ingested drain cleaner in an apparent suicide attempt. She is awake, alert, and somewhat agitated. Your assessment reveals no immediate life threats. Your system has standing orders for the use of activated charcoal. Your treatment should be: Have the patient drink 25-50 grams of activated charcoal in a covered container if possible. Have the patient drink a mild acid such as vinegar to neutralize the alkali in the drain cleaner. Have the patient drink Syrup of Ipecac and be prepared for vomiting. Have the patient drink water or milk to dilute the poison.

Have the patient drink water or milk to dilute the poison.

You are responding to an unresponsive person. Upon arrival you find an approximately 30 year old male slumped over under a tree. He is responsive to verbal stimuli but cannot answer questions. Bystanders state that they observed him jogging around the park. His skin is cool, pale, and moist. Vital signs are 100/70, 120, and 24.Lungs are clear bilaterally, no evidence of trauma noted. What condition are you suspecting? Asthma Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Allergic reaction

Hypoglycemia

You have a 38-year-old who has fainted. Following your local protocol you use a light wave device to determine the SpO2. As the EMT, you attach the device on the patient's finger, which gives you a reading of 91. What does that reading indicate? Significant hypoxia Severe hypoxia Normal results Hypoxia

Hypoxia

You arrive on the scene of a shooting. You are cleared to enter the scene by law enforcement. You are directed to an approximately 20 year old male that is face down on the pavement in a puddle of blood. You hear gurgling respirations. What is your next priority? Immediately roll the patient over and begin a rapid assessment. Immediately take c-spine control and check for pulse. Immediately take c-spine control, roll the patient on his back, and assess the airway. Immediately take c-spine control, assess the back, then roll the patient onto a long spine board.

Immediately take c-spine control, roll the patient on his back, and assess the airway.

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? Insert the proper venture to receive the correct oxygen concentration. Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and observe for the heart rate to slow. Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 200 psi in the tank. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration

Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration

You arrive on the scene of an unresponsive person. Family members describe witnessing seizure type symptoms. Which of the following is NOT an important question to ask? Was the patient complaining of anything before it happened? Can you describe what it looked like? How long did it last? Is there a history of seizures in the family?

Is there a history of seizures in the family?

Which of the following BEST defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function. It is the form of energy produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function. It is the form of energy that is produced in the nucleus from glucose and other nutrients. It is the form of energy that is produced in the mitochondria from glucose and DNA.

It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function.

Why is inhalation described as an active process? It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure.

It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

What should you NOT do when using a stair chair? Lean forward from the hips. Keep your knees straight. Lean forward from the waist. Flex your knees.

Lean forward from the waist.

You are on the scene of a "sick case" call. The patient is a 26-year-old, 250-pound male patient who suddenly becomes violently angry. Everything you say to the patient only makes him angrier. Offended by your questions, he screams that he is going to "cut your tongue out" and hurries into the kitchen. What should you do? Radio for police and then calmly walk out of the house, being sure to take all of your medical equipment. Tackle the patient before he can get a kitchen knife to stab you. Radio for police and relay to dispatch important scene information until they arrive. Leave immediately to a safe area and then call for police assistance.

Leave immediately to a safe area and then call for police assistance.

You are assessing a female patient with depression. She tells you that her psychologist said that she is dealing with "empty-nest syndrome." What age group is this associated with? Middle adulthood Middle-aged adulthood Late adulthood Early adulthood

Middle adulthood

You respond to the scene of a two-vehicle T-bone motor collision. The driver's side door is smashed shut and will not open. The front passenger door will open. The front passenger is stable and complaining of severe head and neck pain. You suspect that he has a potential spinal injury. The driver is unresponsive, in critical condition, and has gurgling respirations. You should extricate the passenger by which technique? Carefully move the patient using full c-spine precautions. Take extra care to protect the passenger's neck with a KED board or short spine board because of the injury. Move the patient out of the car as quickly as possible, in the direction of the long axis of the body. Move the patient as quickly as possible so he can get to a hospital before paralysis sets in.

Move the patient out of the car as quickly as possible, in the direction of the long axis of the body.

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? Regular chest movements Nasal flaring Equal expansion of both sides of the chest when patient inhales Typical skin coloration

Nasal flaring

When covering a patient's mouth and nose with a mask of any kind, which of the following is the primary risk? Causing or exasperating respiratory illnesses Interfering with patient communication Upsetting the patient because of the social stigma Obstructing the ability to visualize and protect the airway

Obstructing the ability to visualize and protect the airway

You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first? Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen. Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver. Apply high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask. Insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway.

Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver.

You are called to the scene of a possible overdose. The patient is a 16 year old male supine in bed. The airway is open, but respirations are slow and shallow. Skin is warm and dry and slightly cyanotic. Pulse is normal in rate but a little weak. A quick check finds no needle marks on the arms or legs. Pupils are pinpoint. The mother is unable to provide any information on what type of drug was ingested. What type of medication are you suspecting was taken? Meth Opiate Volatile chemical Alcohol

Opiate

Which of the following is meant by the "1 Percent Rule" of aging? Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30. We lose about 1 percent of our memory capacity every year beginning at age 50. About 1 percent of the population older than age 65 has significant organ function decline. About 1 percent of the population makes it to their 85th birthday

Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30.

When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex? Sucking reflex Palmar reflex Rooting reflex Moro reflex

Palmar reflex

To exhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process? Inspiration Active Passive Respiration

Passive

A fellow EMT is talking with the Medical Director at a staff meeting. The EMT states that the neighboring ambulance service is carrying special clotting bandages for serious bleeding wounds. The special bandages cost five times as much as the regular bandages, but the EMT claims they work ten times better. The EMT wants the Medical Director to approve the bandages for use in their ambulances. The Medical Director responds to the EMT by saying he will not approve the bandages until he can prove they are worth the additional cost. How can the EMT best do this? Have a member of the other ambulance service call the Medical Director to provide firsthand information on how the special bandages are much better. Call the manufacturer of the special bandage and request literature to give to the Medical Director. Perform a literature search to see what studies have been done on the special bandages and report the findings to the Medical Director. Order a small number of the special bandages and compare them side by side to the regular bandages.

Perform a literature search to see what studies have been done on the special bandages and report the findings to the Medical Director.

You are performing CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. As you prepare to place the pads on the chest you notice a small square lump under the skin near the right clavicle and a long scar the length of the sternum. The patient's wife tells you he has had open heart surgery and has a pacemaker. What should you do next? Place the pad over the lump. It will not cause any damage. Place the pad several inches away from the lump but as close to the proper location as possible. Reverse the pad placement and put the upper pad on the left side of the chest. Do not use the AED since it will damage the pacemaker.

Place the pad several inches away from the lump but as close to the proper location as possible.

You are preparing a mother for delivery of her child. You note that on the next contraction you can see the umbilical cord protruding from the vaginal opening. Your next step should be: Elevate the mother's head and prepare to transport immediately. Elevate the mother's hips and have her bring her legs together. Place your gloved hand inside the mother and gently push the baby's head off of the cord. Form a "V" with your fingers around the baby's mouth to allow it to breathe.

Place your gloved hand inside the mother and gently push the baby's head off of the cord.

A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components? Plasma Corpuscles Platelets White blood cell

Platelets

You arrive on the scene of a 55-year-old male patient. The patient's wife called 911 because he is having chest pains. The patient is very angry with his wife for calling 911 because he states he only has heartburn and adamantly refuses any treatment or transport. After signing the patient refusal form, the patient collapses and goes into sudden cardiac arrest. The wife is crying uncontrollably and begging you to do something. What should you do? Respect his legal right to not have any treatment, regardless of how much the wife begs you to help. Explain to the wife that her husband signed a legal document refusing care, and if you intervened to help him now, you would be breaking the law. Provide emergency care for the patient only if his wife signs a document stating they will not sue the EMS service. Provide emergency care under implied consent.

Provide emergency care under implied consent.

Your patient is a 68 year old male complaining of gradual onset of difficulty breathing. Upon arrival the patient is sitting up in obvious respiratory distress. He denies any chest pain. He is having a productive cough with pink sputum. His ankles are notably swollen. He has a history of an AMI two years ago. His lungs sounds show heavy ronchi. What condition would you suspect? CVA AMI Hypertension Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema

What are some positive ways to help deal with stress? Caffeine to 'get up and go' Regular physical exercise Adding workload to a busy regular schedule Drinking alcohol to 'unwind'

Regular physical exercise

You respond to a laceration call. When you arrive on-scene, you walk into the house and find a person suffering from a severe wrist laceration from a broken window. Without thinking, you immediately grab the wrist and apply direct pressure to the wound. You then realize that, in your hurry to save a life, you forgot to put on your gloves. You look down to see your hand is covered in blood. When practical, you immediately wash your hands thoroughly. What is your next best action? Report the exposure incident because it is the law and you could be fined a large sum of money for failing to report the exposure. Report the exposure so you can protect yourself from any accidental infection. Report the exposure. Failure to report the exposure may result in you not receiving financial compensation for a potential line-of-duty injury. If your hands had no open wounds, it is not required to report the exposure as there is no risk of infection, and you could get in trouble at work for failure to follow policy.

Report the exposure so you can protect yourself from any accidental infection.

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae? Right ventricle Left ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Right atrium

Which of the following is NOT a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood? Self-destructive behaviors Concern about death and dying Financial burdens Issues of self-worth

Self-destructive behaviors

You are assessing a 6-month-old female patient who, according to the parents, is not acting normally. At this stage of development, the patient should be able to do which of the following? Sit alone on the floor Sit upright in a high chair Pull herself up to a standing position Respond with the word 'no'

Sit upright in a high chair

Which of the following describes Fowler's position? Lying flat on the back Lying on the side Lying on the stomach Sitting upright with the legs straight

Sitting upright with the legs straight

The patient was the driver of a vehicle struck in the driver's side. He is complaining of pain in his upper left quad and showing signs of shock. What organ is located here that can have a massive hemorrhage from trauma? Spleen Liver Stomach Pancreas

Spleen

The application of oxygen for a patient who is short of breath without having to contact the physician in the emergency department is an example of which of the following? On-line medical direction Standards of care Standing orders Breach of duty

Standing orders

Which of the following BEST describes the anatomical position? Supine with arms crossed over the chest and knees slightly bent Standing, facing forward, with arms raised above the head Standing, facing forward, with arms at the side, palms forward Standing in profile with the hands on the hips

Standing, facing forward, with arms at the side, palms forward

Which of the following terms is best defined as "a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus"? Homeostasis Distress Stress Eustress

Stress

You are transporting a 50-year-old male patient whom you successfully defibrillated at the scene. You are 5 minutes away from the hospital when the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the best course of action? Analyze the cardiac rhythm and deliver shocks as necessary. Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary. Tell the driver to stop and assist you with CPR, and request another unit for assistance. Initiate CPR and continue transporting.

Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary.

Two EMTs respond to the scene of a syncopal episode. They evaluate a 50-year-old male patient who passed out and cut his upper lip. The EMTs examine the patient and his vital signs are normal. The EMTs talk the patient out of an expensive ambulance ride and suggest he will save money by driving himself to the urgent care clinic for stitches for his lip rather than waiting all night in the emergency department as a nonemergency patient. The patient signs the EMS refusal form. The patient decides to see his own doctor the next morning but dies at his house from sudden cardiac arrest an hour later. Which of the following statements is true? The EMTs are not negligent because the patient signed the refusal form. The EMTs are negligent because the patient died. The EMTs are negligent because there was proximate causation. The EMTs are not negligent because the EMTs have no control over the patient's medical condition.

The EMTs are negligent because there was proximate causation.

Which of the following groups is credited with developing the earliest documented emergency medical service? The Spanish The Egyptians The Mayans The French

The French

What is the name of the federal act that mandates a procedure by which emergency healthcare providers can find out if they have been exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases while on the job? The Communicable Disease Notification Act The EMS Personnel Health Protection Act of 1991 The Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Act The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act

Your patient is showing possible signs of a stroke. As part of your examination you ask the patient to hold their arms out in front of them then close their eyes. If the patient is having a stroke, what result would you expect to see? The arm on the same side of the stroke would drop The arm on the opposite side of the stroke would drop Both arms will drop Both arms will not drop

The arm on the opposite side of the stroke would drop

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway? The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum. If a water-soluble lubricant is not available, a silicon spray can be substituted. It can only be placed in the right nostril. The length of the device is not as important as it is with oropharyngeal airways.

The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that an AED may indicate that there is "no shock advised"? The patient's heart has no electrical activity; he is 'flat line,' or in asystole. The patient's heart rhythm is normal. The patient has organized electrical activity in the heart but no pulse. The patient is in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

The patient is in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

You have arrived on the scene of a call for a possible stroke. On your arrival, the patient denies signs and symptoms, is alert and oriented, and moves all extremities well. Her husband states that before you arrived the patient could not move her right arm and the left side of her face seemed to be "slack." Which of the following has most likely occurred? The patient suffered a cerebral vascular accident. The patient is suffering from aphasia. The patient has had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack.

The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack.

You and another new EMT are studying your local protocols. The other EMT notices that you may give oral glucose without utilizing on-line medical control, but you must get an on-line order from a physician before assisting a patient in taking his nitroglycerin for chest pain. The EMT asks you why some drugs require on-line medical control while others do not. What is the best answer to give him? Glucose is only sugar so it cannot hurt the patient. The physician does not trust EMTs. The patient's nitroglycerin might be expired. The physician wants to be sure it is appropriate for the patient.

The physician wants to be sure it is appropriate for the patient.

You and another new EMT are studying your local protocols. The other EMT notices that you may give oral glucose without utilizing on-line medical control, but you must get an on-line order from a physician before assisting a patient in taking his nitroglycerin for chest pain. The EMT asks you why some drugs require on-line medical control while others do not. What is the best answer to give him? Glucose is only sugar so it cannot hurt the patient. The physician does not trust EMTs. The patient's nitroglycerin might be expired. The physician wants to be sure it is appropriate for the patient.

The physician wants to be sure it is appropriate for the patient.

You have just come on duty. The EMT on the previous shift complains to you that the QI manager was giving him grief because he did not document three sets of vital signs on the patient record. The EMT is angry and does not understand why documenting three sets of vital signs is so important. What is the best answer you could give him? Vital signs are something you have to fill out because the state requires it. The recording of three sets of vital signs demonstrates that you were trending the patient's condition. It is important you show the QI manager that you are a team player. The report looks better when all the boxes are filled out.

The recording of three sets of vital signs demonstrates that you were trending the patient's condition.

Which of the following statements concerning people who have made prior suicide attempts is true? They are at an increased risk for a subsequent successful suicide. They do not require psychological counseling like a person who is truly depressed. They should be allowed to sign a release if their injuries are not serious. They are usually just making a cry for help but do not want to die.

They are at an increased risk for a subsequent successful suicide.

What would be the most appropriate treatment for this patient? Breathing treatment Epi-Pen High flow oxygen with non-rebreather mask Titrate oxygen administration based on pulse oximetry

Titrate oxygen administration based on pulse oximetry

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of the modern emergency medical services (EMS) system? To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the scene, during transport, and at the hospital To have trained personnel capable of assessing and caring for injured and ill patients on the scene To have trained personnel understand the limitations of their training and 'do no harm,' while providing prompt transport to the hospital To have trained personnel knowledgeable in all aspects of prehospital care

To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the scene, during transport, and at the hospital

Which of the following is a role of the EMT in the quality improvement process? Taking responsibility for the actions of one's partner Writing complete patient care reports Critiquing performance of one's partner Assuring personal safety

Writing complete patient care reports

You are providing care to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. The patient asks to speak to you privately. He tells you he is taking Cialis® for erectile dysfunction and his wife does not know he is taking it. He does not want his wife to find out. As you are putting the EMS bags back in the ambulance, the wife corners you and insists that you tell her what her husband said. What should you do? You should tell her. As his spouse, she is legally entitled to know his medical information. You should not tell her. There is no reason to humiliate your patient by disclosing his embarrassing condition. You should tell her. He may be having an affair without her knowledge and she needs to be tested for sexually You should not tell her. By law, your conversation with your patient is confidential.

You should not tell her. By law, your conversation with your patient is confidential.

For the last few days, your regular EMT partner has been having trouble sleeping, has been on edge, and has trouble concentrating on his job during EMS calls. Luckily, your call volume has been low with no serious calls since the infant cardiac arrest you both worked last month. You ask him if anything is bothering him and he states he is fine in every way. He states that he has been going to the bars lately to relax and invites you to come along for some drinks after work. Choose the best answer for this situation. Your partner is suffering from acute stress reaction and you should recommend to him that he seek professional counseling. Your partner is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and you should go to the bar with him to provide moral support and talk with him. Your partner is suffering from a delayed stress reaction and you should recommend that he seek professional counseling. Your partner is suffering from a cumulative stress reaction. This is a natural response and he should be fine in a few days.

Your partner is suffering from a delayed stress reaction and you should recommend that he seek professional counseling.

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle crash to find a middle-aged man on a long spine board being cared for by first responding firefighters. He appears to be bleeding from his head and he is unconscious. You should check the car for: a bent steering wheel or starred windshield. insurance information or identification. personal items too valuable to leave on-scene. a deployed passenger-side air bag.

a bent steering wheel or starred windshield.

The "Stress Triad," or the body's response to a stressful stimulation, is known as general ________ syndrome. incident resistance reaction adaptation

adaptation

Your 4-month-old patient is reported to be irritable and lethargic after feeding poorly for two days. One method for assessing the patient's level of hydration is to gently palpate the soft spots on the surface of the skull. These soft spots are also known as the: fontanelles. acromion process. mandibles. carpals.

fontanelles

A 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school. She's taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the __________ in her blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain. plasma hemoglobin white blood cells albumin

hemoglobin

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: tape the dentures in place. remove the dentures. leave the dentures in place. use an infant mask over the nose.

leave the dentures in place.

Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as the: orbit. maxillae. manubrium. mandible.

mandible.

You have responded for a patient with shortness of breath. He reports that his breathing problems began this morning and have gotten worse over the last few hours. You ask if he has taken anything to help his symptoms and he tells you that he has used his inhaler several times in the last hour. The information you have just gathered can be classified as: the history of present illness. relevant past medical history. results of a rapid physical exam. part of the SAMPLE history.

the history of present illness.

Your 79-year-old female patient appears to show all signs and symptoms of a stroke. Her level of consciousness has rapidly deteriorated, she is now unconscious, and she can no longer control her own airway. While you intervene to manage her airway, the best position in which to keep fluid or vomitus from occluding her airway would be: the Trendelenburg position. the Fowler position. the recovery position. the prone position.

the recovery position

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: tidal volume. inhalation. respiration. ventilation.

ventilation.