endocrine quiz

When educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. The best time to perform a blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be:

06:00 to 08:00 AM

Which of the following clinical manifestations would support the medical diagnosis of Cushing syndrome? Select all that apply.

(1) "Buffalo hump" on back, (2) Blood glucose level in 200 mg/dL range, (3) Excessive facial hair growth

Which of the following comorbidities represent the greatest risk for the development of foot ulcers in a diabetic client? Select all that apply.

(1) Bilateral distal loss of pain sensation, (2) Motor neuropathy related to improperly fitted shoes, (3) Smoking history averaging 2 packs/day

A student nurse is taking a test on the endocrine system. From the following list of clinical manifestations, she needs to select the ones she would see in hypothyroidism. Which answers should she select? Select all that apply.

(1) Coarse brittle hair, (2) Weight gain despite loss of appetite, (3) Puffy face with swollen eyelids

Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"?

A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.

Which of the following residents of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

An 80-year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite and often complains of feeling cold

Which of the following individuals displays the precursors to acromegaly?

An adult with an excess of growth hormone due to an adenoma

The results of a 44-year-old obese man's recent diagnostic workup have culminated in a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes underlies the client's new diagnosis?

Beta cell exhaustion due to long-standing insulin resistance

A client with type 1 diabetes has started a new exercise routine. Knowing there may be some increase risks associated with exercise, the health care provider should encourage the client to:

Carry a snack with carbs to prevent profound hypoglycemia

Impaired and delayed healing in a person with diabetes is caused by long-term complications that include:

Chronic neuropathies

A client tells his health care provider that his body is changing. It used to be normal for his blood glucose to be higher during the latter part of the morning. However, now his fasting blood glucose level is elevated in the early AM (07:00). The health care provider recognizes the client may be experiencing:

Dawn phenomenon

Which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena may result in a diagnosis of Cushing disease?

Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor

Diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of acquired blindness in the United States, is characterized by retinal:

Hemorrhages

While working on the med-surg floor, the nurse has a client who is experiencing an insulin reaction. The client is conscious and can follow directions. The most appropriate intervention would be:

Immediately administer 15 g of glucose (preferably via oral route if the client is alert enough to swallow) and wait for 15 minutes. Then repeat this if necessary.

The immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol cause:

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

Which of the following pregnant women likely faces the greatest risk of developing gestational diabetes? A client who:

Is morbidly obese defined as greater than 100 pounds over ideal weight

A diabetic client was visiting the endocrinologist for annual checkup. The client's blood work reveals an increased level of which lab result that reveals early signs of diabetic nephropathy?

Microalbuminuria

A hospital client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been administered a scheduled dose of regular insulin. Which of the following effects will result from the action of insulin?

Promotion of glucose uptake by target cells

A client who has been taking 80 mg of prednisone, a glucocorticoid, each day has been warned by his primary care provider to carefully follow a plan for the gradual reduction of the dose rather than stopping the drug suddenly. What is the rationale for this directive?

Stopping the drug suddenly may cause acute adrenal insufficiency.

When describing to a newly diagnosed diabetic client how insulin is regulated, the nurse will draw upon her knowledge of which hormonal regulation mechanism?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system