Endocrine System

Changes in the endocrine system caused by aging

*decreased glucose tolerance, and increased blood sugar level *increased levels of parathormone *decreased vaginal secretions *decreased metabolic rate due to changes in the thyroid

Common Warning Signs of hypoglycemia

1. Hunger 2. Weakness 3. Trembling, shakiness, dizziness, faintness 4. Irritability, anxiety 5. Confusion, disorientation 6. Changes in Vision 7. Unconsciousness 8. Headache Hypoglycemia must be corrected quickly as it can lead to coma or death. Hypoglycemia is also known as 'insulin shock' and tends to have a sudden onset. Hyperglycemia tends to have a gradual onset.

Type one diabetes

Most often in children and young adults. Pancreas does not produce insulin. Treatment is daily insulin injection.

How hyperthyroidism affects the body

Overactive Thyroid Gland. Too much thyroid hormone. Body's function speed up.

Skin/ foot care required by those with diabetes

Regulate foot care. Prevent blisters since they can cause infection and cut nails carefully.

Pancreas

Special cells in the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans produce two hormones; insulin and glucagon. These hormones regulate blood sugar.

Thyroid gland

The thyroid gland is located in the neck, in front of the larynx. This gland produces two hormones. Thyroxine, which helps regulate metabolism Thyrocalcitonin, which helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood

Adrenal glands

There are two adrenal glands, one locate on the top of each kidney. Each gland is composed of two seperate segments that secrete different hormones. Two of these hormones are adrenalin (epinephrine) and cortisone. In general, the adrenal hormones: control the release of energy in emergency situations control water and electrolyte balance in the body secret small amounts of male and female sex hormones

Treatment of diabetes

There is no cure. It can be managed with diet, exercise, oral medications, blood sugar monitoring insulin.

Parathyroid glands

These are several tiny glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland. They produce a hormone called parathormone which helps the body use calcium and phosphorus.

Gonads

They are the sex glands. Female gonads are the ovaries. Male gonads are the testes. The ovaries are located within the pelvis on either side of the uterus. When stimulated by the pituitary gland, they produce: progesterone, which helps to maintain pregnancy estrogen, which s responsible for the development of female characteristics The testes are located outside the body in the scrotum. The testes produce a hormone called testosterone which is responsible for the development of male characteristics. The male and female gonads also produce ovum and sperm that unite during conception to form a human embryo.

Pineal gland

This small gland is located in the brain near the pituitary gland. The pineal gland secrets serotonin and melatonin. It communicates information about lighting levels of various part of the body and plays a role in sleep/ wake cycles. It also plays a role in sexual maturation.

Treatment for hypothyroidism

Thyroid supplement

Describe how HYPOthyroidism affects the body

Underactive thyroid. Decreased thyroid hormone. Body processes are slowed down.

Common Signs Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Weight gain. Impaired memory. Memory. Fatigue. Sluggishness. Irritability. Constipation. Slower heart rate.

Common Signs Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Weightloss. Increased hunger. Hyperactivity. Palpitations. N/V. Irritability. Depression

6 complications of diabetes

blindness kidney disease nerve damage sexual dysfunction circulatory disorders amputation

7 common sign/ symptoms of diabetes

increased thirst frequent urination constant hunger unusual weightloss extreme fatigue dry itchy skin blurred eye sight It is important to remember that people with type two diabetes sometimes have symptoms that are so mild tha they go unnoticed and undiagnosed. If diabetes is not controlled, the high levels of sugar in the blood cause serious complications and slowly damage the blood vessels.

Risk factors of diabetes

obesity family history age ethnicity

The endocrine system consists of seven distinct glands

pituitary gland pineal gland adrenal gland gonads (ovaries/testes) thyroid gland parathyroid gland pancreas These glands produce chemicals called 'hormones' which are secreted into the bloodstream. The hormones regulate body activities and body chemistry.

5 causes of hyperglycemia

undiagnosed diabetes not enough insulin or diabetes medications overeating, or eating the wrong foods too little exercise stress- physical or emotional

Diabetes -Endocrine disorders result in hormone levels that are too high or too low. The most common disorder of the endocrine system is diabetes. Describe how diabetes affects the body

Body cannot produce or use insulin properly. Insulin is needed for proper use of sugar. Your pancreas doesn't function properly.

Type two diabetes

In adulthood obesity is a risk. Pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. You can manage it with Diet, exercise, medication.

Gestational diabetes`

Develops when you are pregnant. Leaves once baby is born. Can be at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Treatment for hyperthyroidism

Surgical removal of some of all thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine to reduce or destroy some thyroid cells. Medications that inhibit the productions of thyroid hormone.

Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is located deep within the brain in a region behind the eyes. it secretes more than one hormone and is sometimes referred to as the master gland. The hormones secreted by this gland control: growth urine reproduction reproductive activity blood chemistry the activity of most of the other glands