Endocrine System: Review Questions

What is the term that describes the rate most hormones are taken up and degraded by the liver and kidneys? A- Metabolic Clearance Rate B- Hormone Half Life C- Hormonal Removal Rate D- None of the above

A

Which of the following is true about the thyroid gland? A- It is composed of follicular cells which secrete 80 micrograms of TH daily. B- It only produces the two hormones Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine C- The thyroid is unique and releases hormones both into the blood stream and through nervous axon endings. D- The thyroid receive the least amount of blood flow per gram of tissue in the endocrine system.

A

Which of these is true of LH or Luteinizing hormones? A- LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone B- LH secretes sperm production in the testes C- LH's target organ is the Adrenal Cortex D- Both A and B

A

Which of the following hormones are considered hypoglycemic hormones A- Insulin B- Growth Hormone C- Corticosterone D- Both A and C

A: Insulin is hypoglycemic because it lowers blood glucose levels

Childbirth stimulating the release of oxytocin is an example of what kind of stimuli A- Neural B- Hormonal C- Humoral D- None of the above

A: The receptors in the uterus during childbirth are nerve receptors, therefore making the release of oxytocin caused by the release of hormonal stimuli.

The hypothalamus is an example of a A- Endocrine Gland B- Neuroendocrine Gland C- Exocrine Gland D- None of the above

B

Which of the following are the primary adrenal sex steroids A- Estrogen B- Androgens C- Cortisol D- Estradiol

B

Which of the following glands produces epinephrine? A- Hypothalamus B- Adrenal Medulla C- Adrenal Cortex D- Pancreas

B

Which of the following is true of second messenger systems? A- They stay in cells for prolonged amounts of time B- They ultimately lead to the activation of enzymes C- Its receptor activates adenylate cyclase which then activates the G protein that produces cAMP D- Both A and B

B

Which of these is true of TRH? A- It is produced by the Anterior Pituitary B- It is a tropic hormone C- It promotes the secretion of TH D- All of the above

B- It is a tropic hormone

What is the hypophyseal portal system? A- Nervous connection between the Hypothalamus and the Posterior Pituitary B- The system used to control the anterior pituitary C- A system of blood capillaries used to transport hormones from the Anterior pituitary to the rest of the body D- None of the above

B- The system used to control the anterior pituitary

Which of the following describes when the uterus produces more oxytocin receptors to prepare itself for the surge of oxytocin that will occur during childbirth? A- Down-regulation B- Up-regulation C- Signal Amplification D- Cascade effect

B- up regulation

The process of TH's release and inhibition of TRH is an example of A- Neuroendocrine reflex B- Carbohydrate Metabolism C- Negative Feedback Loop D- Positive Feedback Loop

C

What kind of effect occurs when Estrogen creates a uterine mucosa that allows for progesterone to bind to it? A- Synergististic effect B- Energistic Effect C- Permissive Effect D- Anatogistic Effect

C

Place the following steps in order A: cAMP activates protein kinase B: Enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions C: Hormone receptor binding activates G-Protein D: Adenylate cyclase is activated and produces cAMP E: Enzymes are activated

C,D,A,E,B

What is not true of receptors? A- They are located on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, and in the nucleus B- They are the receptor for only one kind of hormone and will not bind to others. C- Receptors can take in as many hormones as possible, creating a greater effect. D- None of the above are true

C- Receptors can take in as many hormones as possible, creating a greater effect.

Which one of these is not a mechanism of Growth Hormone? A- Enhancing Amino Acid Transport into cells B- Stimulating adipocytes to catabolize fat C- Stimulate the corpus luteum to provide energy for growing tissue D- Mobilizing fatty acids and reducing the dependence of most cells on glucose

C- The corpus luteum does not provide energy for growing tissue

Which of the following is not a characteristic of transport proteins? A- Prolonging hormone half-lives B- Protecting hormones from being broken down C- Filtering hormones out of the blood through the kidneys D- All of the above are true

C- transport proteins prevent hormones being filtered out of the blood.

The rising blood glucose concentration stimulating the release of insulin is an example of what kind of stimuli? A- Neural B- Hormonal C- Humoral D- None of the above

C: It is a blood-borne stimuli

Due to TH's effect on the metabolic rate of cells, which one of these is likely a direct cause of TH? A- An increase in calcium level B- Bone deterioration C- Hair loss and aging D- Raised oxygen consumption

D

How long does it take for the endocrine system to respond to a stimulus? A- A few seconds B- A few hours C- A few days D- All of the above

D

The liver is an example of a A- Endocrine Gland B- Neuroendocrine Gland C- Exocrine D- Both A and C

D

What kind of gland is the Pancreas? A- Neuroendocrine B- Endocrine C- Exocrine D- Both B and C

D

Which of the following types of hormones require a transport protein? A- Steroid Hormone B- Hydrophobic Hormones C- Lipophilic Hormones D- All of the above

D

Baroreceptors detecting a falling blood pressure would trigger the release of what hormone A- LH B- Inhibin C- Cholecalciferol D- Aldosterone

D- Aldosterone, it stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium and maintain blood volume and pressure.

Which of the following are metabolic effects that may be caused by a second messenger system? A- Smooth muscle contraction B- Protein Synthesis C- Mitosis D- All of the above

D- All of the above

What hormone requires a second messenger system? A- Lipophilic Hormones B- Hydrophobic hormones C- Bound hormones D- Free hormones

D- Free hormones; they are lipophobic and hydrophilic

Which of the following hormones are considered free hormones A- Thyroid Hormone B- Hydrophobic Hormone C- Lipophilic Hormone D- None of the above

D- None of the above

True or False: The Pancreas is the largest adult gland.

False, its the thyroid gland

True or False: The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary work together in the production of hormones

False, they work separately

True or False: Parathyroid Hormone and Thyroxine have antagonistic effects.

False- They do not, however PTH and Calcitonin have antagonistic effects.

True or false: Aldosterone, a glucocorticoid, is produced only by the zona fasciculata

False: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid and is produced by the zona glomerulosa.

True or False: Steroid Hormones are hormones that are derived from Proteins.

False: Steroid Hormones are derived from cholesterole.

True or False: The posterior pituitary produces the two hormones OT and ADH

False: The posterior pituitary is not a true gland and while it stores and releases these hormones it does not produce them.

True or False: The thymus plays a role in the endocrine, lymphatic, and nervous system.

False: The thymus does not play a role in the nervous system, however it does play a role in the immune system.

True or False: Endocrine glands secrete their products through ducts into the bloodstream.

False; endocrine glands do not contain ducts exocrine glands do.

True of false: Melatonin secretion is dependent on the circadian rhythm and may impact jet lag.

True

True or False: Both the Ovaries and the Testes produce Inhibin.

True

True or False: Hormones have the ability to affect countless tissues and cells.

True

True or False: The main purpose of hormones of the Adrenal Cortex is to cope with stress.

True

True or false: Glucocorticoids have an anti-inflammatory effect which can cause to suppression of the immune system.

True

True or false: Organs can be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

True

True or False: The body sensing a need for water triggers the neuroendocrine reflex.

True, the neuroendocrine reflex is the bodies ability release hormones in response to nerve signals

True or False: It's possible for endocrine organs to shrink or grow.

True: The shrinkage of an organ is called involution.

True or False: The adrenal cortex consists of three layers of tissue.

True: The zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis