ENG265 Final

Slave Narrative

(Similar to captivity narrative) - Emphasized the cruelty - Tried to invoke empathy, especially towards Christians. - From the reader's side, there was curiosity similar to captive narratives.

Themes of Rip Van Winkle (3)

- *Old America vs new America*, colonial vs new nation, nostalgia for old America, Dame was a stand in for government, Rip was the free spirit ahead of his time, Rip turned failure and laziness into success, - *Importance of the natural world* (almost becomes a character) a reality that can't be avoided has somewhat of divine quality. - Rip becomes a storyteller and is rewarded with alcohol. In a broad sense he is dabbling in literature and some success. Some say this is a reflection of Irving. *Irving is saying we need a national literature*.

Themes of Sleepy Hollow

- A lot of description - War and battle. Placed just after the revolution, a lot of battle references: spies, etc. This ran parallel to Ichibad's battle for Katrina, the battle for love. - Greed and avarice. An appetite that Ichibad has. From a physical perspective he consumes a lot. Rather than being a impoverished school teacher he decides to engage the community, this is where we see his lust. - Supernatural. What is real? What is imagined? What can be explained from a scientific perspective. Natural world is at the center. Headless horseman at the center of this. Ichibad likes the ghost stories, but he is very impressionable and fearful. Maybe if Ichibad could have known maybe the horseman was Brom. - Storytelling. Irving showing that people like stories. Irving thinks it is important for the country to embrace storytelling, similar to Rip Van Winkle.

What were some subjects that literary critics deemed worthy of writing about?

- Avoid writing about Europe - Write about the colonial past - Native American Legends - Fiction about the revolutionary war and the heroes

Themes of "Rapaccini's Daughter"

- Good vs Evil - Voyeurism (Giovanni looking out over the garden) - Reality vs Fantasy. Leads him to Beatrice and somewhat of an accomplice to her death. - Conflict between the head and the heart. It is evident that Giovanni questions whether he wants to go farther, but his heart tells him to go further even though there is warning.

Name three things found in Hawthorne's writings

- Guilt and sin - Allegory and symbolism - Moral aspects of human character in a world that is Calvinist

Themes of "The Tell-Tale Heart" (5)

- Love and hate and how close they are to each other. - We don't know much about the narrator, he is afraid of the eye, something is wrong psychologically. - Sanity and insanity, what this does to the narrator and the narration. This is what makes it unreliable. - Tendency to rationalize behavior and ourselves. - The power of the dead over the living, the narrator is haunted by the eye when he is alive and haunted by the heartbeat when he is dead.

Formula for Slave Narrative

- Starts in a state of innocence. Perhaps as a child of a benevolent caregiver. - There is recognition of their condition as a slave - The dehumanization of others, family, friends, - A sense of hopelessness arises - At some point something happens that makes the writer to be resistant. Like the fight with Covey - There are attempts at resistance, quest for freedom

What are themes of "Life in the Iron-Mills"? (5)

- The evils of industrialization. The founding fathers were a bit concerned about this. - Immigration. Most of it coming from Ireland out of the potato famine. They were thinking there were riches to be had, but they ended up somewhere that was worse than what they left. - Women aren't equal. Seen as inferior. Debra got a lesser of a sentence. - Class structure. Relies on exploitation. Hardy Davis suggest that this is not Christian. - Yearning for what America seems to offer and finding that the hope in immigrants is dashed. The great dream isn't there to be had.

List 4 components of the Allegory in "Rapiccini's Daughter"

- The garden is after the fall of grace. Crumbling fountain - Rapaccini is Satan - Baglioni, is a complicit god. An old testament God. - Beatrice is eve and Giovanni is adam

Themes of Douglas's Slave Narrative

- The idea of knowledge and power. The owners using ignorance to keep the slaves powerless. Becoming Literacy - Slave owning is a like a cancer. The mistress starts treating him differently. - The text lacks God. It does talk about the evils of religion and how people use it to justify their actions. Douglas isn't an atheist, but he is wary of religion. - Rural vs. Urban. Isolated, fewer eyes vs. populated makes people more decent because of shame. - Racism is rampant in the text. Not only in the South. When he comes up North racism takes on a different guise. He has a hard time gaining employment. - Coming of age story. Starts as a child and becomes a man as the founding fathers intended. - Stories of friendships. - Violence. A device used to garner readers and elicit them to act accordingly.

Themes of Self-Reliance (5)

- Trust thyself - Non-conformity - Originality rather than imitation - Optimism - Egalitarianism (Equality for all)

What are the necessities of life according to Thoreau? (4)

1- Food - He thinks the most basic foods are adequate. He suggests that elaborate meals are unnecessary. He is worried about money. 2- Shelter - He has a small house on Emerson's ground that people help build. He suggest that college students should also learn how to build houses. He sees practical application as a good thing. The study of one subject isn't the best way to go. He believes people have large houses to store stuff in. 3- Clothing - He is perplexed by fashion. He sees it as wasteful. He thinks it is weird that things come in and out of style. 4- Fuel - Aboriginals don't require much heat. We need much more. Aborginal people are closer to nature whereas the civilized person is more detached. He thinks we waste a lot.

What does Rip Van Winkle first notice when he wakes up?

1- His dog is gone 2- His gun is rusted 3- He can't find the spot where he was. This might be a parallel of the American political reality, because it was a confused time.

List four themes of "Walden, or Life in the Woods"

1- How government relates to the individual. The conscience is important, if we allow are commonality of humanity then this will make us better. Unfortunately, government suppresses this. There is a constant tug-o-war. The rule of the majority is corrupt because it is manipulated by the government. 2- The simple life vs. a life of materialism. This is the life that has great virtue. This is the life that allows us to change things both personally and socially. When there is a lot to lose it is harder not to be manipulated. 3- Mexican war was an insiders game. The use of the standing army, the evils of the standing army. A standing army with a corrupt government puts us in unfortunate situations. Also, costs money. 4- About the abolition of slavery. Doesn't narrowly define the issue of slavery. It broadens the issue of slavery. No one escapes unscathed. He isn't allowing anyone to pretend as if they aren't a part of the problem.

In "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" what do the lilac, star and thrush represent?

1- Lilac (typically purple, thought of as passion, crucifiction) 2- Star - This is venus, goddess of love. Connected Whitman 3- Thrush - The bird singing in the swamp. Important part of the poem, the thrush delivers the insight to Whitman the speaker. Talks about how he going to live his life with what's happened (Lincoln's death)

What are themes of Emily Dickinson's Poems?

1- Loss. Particularly the loss of loved ones. Her family experienced several deaths. Is there meaning to the loss. 2- Transcendentalist view of nature coupled with the view that there is a cruel side to nature. Beautiful and hazardous. 3- Ecstasy and danger found in romantic love. Doesn't write about this often. 4- The issue of faith and doubt. How she manages to understand the meaning of faith and questions faith. Even though she questions and doubts a lot she never comes to a conclusion. 5- Human suffering and pain connected to death.

7 Unique Aspects of Whitman

1- Poets are devious, don't just say what they mean. Don't usually know who is speaking, might be a persona. Whitman doesn't do this, he is straightforeward. *Him Speaking* 2- He has a tenderness and wears his heart on his sleeve without being to saccharine or sappy. He has a sense of honesty about him. 3- Moves freely in and out of form, *disregards tradition*, uses blank vers. 4- He *finds greatness in American democracy and the American ideal*. Although isn't propagandist. He is critical of the country. 5- He *loves geography and landscape*. He can be longwinded in his descriptions of the landscape. 6- He loves the *urban landscape* such as factories, commerce, smokestacks. Most other poets like the natural and rustic scenes, which he also likes. 7- During his lifetime, what bothered people was that *he had a love of the human body*, both male and female. Wasn't interested in prudery. Not much shame about the body.

Themes of "Bartleby, The Scrivener" (4)

1- Protest story - Bartleby is working against society as an individualist, a non-conformist. Says enough to this mind numbing stuff, but loses. The lawyer is a representative of that reality. Bartleby has a passive resistance (people in the office start to speak in the same way) 2- Does the employer owe anything to the employee? Since the employee is doing the work that makes the money. Where does the employers responsibility end? The employer in this story seems to more than most employers. 3- Some would say that Bartleby is a Christ figure. He is looking for unconditional love. He doesn't live up to this even though the attorney tries. 4- Rather postmodern. This story is just about ambiguity. Bartleby is just a random blip. There is no deep meaning. Some survive and some don't. Points to chaos. Does Bartleby stand for anything or he just a footnote? The reader is always looking to relate the character and story to his or her own life.

What are themes of "Resistance to a Civil Government" (5)

1- Self-Reliance 2- Self-Realization 3- Simplicity 4- Anti-materialism 5- Anti-federalist

What were Thoreau's opinions on The Mexican War and Slavery?

1- The Mexican War - because it was put on by a few men instead of the many. When a gov pays for an army, they use it. He suggests maybe we shouldn't use it. He views this war as corrupt. 2- Slavery - He sees all states as active player in slavery, even Massachusetts up north. Much of the investments came from the North.

What two places does Rip Van Winkle escape to?

1- The Tavern 2- Kaatskill Mountains

Themes of "The Purloin Letter"

1- There are rules and order to go about business 2- There are other rules like Dupont apply, he able to act outside of what is acceptable if he has results. That is, it is because of his success that he is able to get away with breaking and bending rules. Two final ideas The American writer is not generally supportive of the class system such as the Monarchy in England. Here we have Dupont as a friend of the Queen. But the Queen is corrupt. The Minister was also seen as corrupt as well as the upper class. The idea of *money and power*. There are issues around gaining money through power. The minister seems not to want money but retain the power. Dupont uses the power of *intellect* to get money.

What did Washington Irving's writing introduce?

1. He spends a lot of time describing the setting 2. No didacticism, no moral to learn 3. A lot of architectural detail, ties setting to history. 4. Vivid characters 5. Humor 6. The stories are complete, beginning middle end

American Themes by Emerson

1. Reliance on the self 2. America offers the possibility of redemption for everybody 3. Belief that Americans should have an intimate connection with the natural world 4. Americans have the right to build our own world, free of the past, of everything. 5. There is a conflict between empirical knowledge and intuition. Go with intuition. Worried that empirical knowledge will interfere with intuition.

What are the Four Premises of Transcendentalism?

1. The *individual is part of the spiritual center of the universe* 2. The *structure of the universe is connected to the individual*. We can look at the universe and find that in us. We find in the natural world the path back to God. One needs to open up to the natural world. 3. We can look at the universe and find that in us. *We find in the natural world the path back to God.* One needs to open up to the natural world. 4. Your happiness, your success, your virtue, your enlightenment depends on understanding the first three concepts. Battle between the individual and the transcendent experience of embracing the cosmos.

Name four components that make up American Romanticism

1. The interest in *Individualism* (writers were concerned people were losing individual tendencies) 2. *Emotionalism* (viewed as a good thing, the outward expression of your feelings) 3. An interest in the *American past*, the historical past 4. A new found interest in the value of the natural world in a spiritual sense. The *spiritual value of the natural world*.

Poem 359 "The Worm Poem"

About beauty and danger.

Poem 591 "Fly Poem"

About the speakers death. There is awareness still left, she is looking for the king (God). The fly distracts her from God.

What two writers started American Writing?

Charles Dickens and Walt Whitman

Poem 479 "Unexpected death"

Death comes swiftly, but it is friendly.

Who wrote "The Purloin Letter" and who are the characters?

Edgar Allan Poe Characters: C. Auguste Dupin Dupin is a young, French, private detective, and the star of "The Purloined Letter." He's from a wealthy family but apparently dropped most of his inheritance on poker and loose women. (Okay, we do... Monsieur G— Monsieur G— is the prefect, or head, of the Paris police. Like Dupin and the narrator, he's in all the three of the Dupin tales of detection. And, like both of them, he's a pretty familiar figure... The Narrator The narrator is Dupin's friend and roommate. Like Dupin and G—, the narrator is in all three of the Dupin tales. We're just going to say it: he seems really unimportant. He hardly says anything;... The Minister D— The minister D— is the official villain of the piece. Just to point out: "Minister" here isn't religious but political; he's a high-ranking public official of some sort. We can assume that he's s... The Royal Lady The royal lady is the victim, right? It's her letter that's stolen; she's the one being blackmailed.Well, let's not take it for granted.Most people assume she represents a queen of France sometime... The Other Royal Person Okay, so here we're going to have a clear victim. The other royal person is the guy being lied to and deceived, and he doesn't even get the dignity of a consistent name. He's called "a third person... S— S— is one of the biggest mysteries of the story. This whole mess begins when he sends the royal lady a letter. We deduce that this person has a name that begins with an "S" because the purloined...

Who wrote the "Tell-Tale Heart" and who are some of the characters?

Edgar Allan Poe Characters: The Narrator Our narrator is such a wreck, it's hard not to feel sorry for him. He's nervous ("very dreadfully nervous"), paranoid, and physically and mentally ill. He doesn't know the difference between the "r... The Old Man The old man is even more of a mystery than the narrator, partly because we only see him through the narrator's skewed perspective. We know he has money (the narrator shows the old man's "treasures"... The Three Policemen The three policemen don't really have any characteristics. Yet, they play a major role in driving the plot of the narrator's story, so we should at least consider them. They seem to be conscientiou.. . A Neighbor The neighbor plays a small but important role in the narrator's story. As noted in the old man's "Character Analysis," the neighbor shows us that the narrator and/or the old man are alienated from...

Who wrote "The Cask of Amontillado" and who were the characters?

Edgar Allan Poe Montresor Montresor (if that's his real name), our narrator, is Mr. Sinister. He's the guy you don't want to meet in an underground graveyard, or anywhere else. He's a cold and ruthle... Fortunato At first glance, Fortunato seems easier to identify with than Montresor. It's much simpler to relate to the victim than to the victimizer. But, in some ways, he seems even more foreign to the... Luchesi Luchesi isn't really a character. He's more of a plot device. He helps drive the action. Luchesi is Fortunato's rival in wine tasting. Montresor doesn't really need to bring... The Montresor Family When Fortunato comments on how big the catacombs are, Montresor implies that all the bodies in the place are dead members of the Montresor family. There seem to be quite a lot of them. This is befo...

Who wrote "Resistance to Civil Government" and "Walden, or Life In The Woods"

Henry David Thoreau

Who wrote "Bartleby, The Scrivener?" and who are the main characters?

Herman Mellville Characters: Bartleby Ousted from a clerkship at the Dead Letter Office in Washington, Bartleby becomes a conscientious, almost robotic law copyist who works for four cents per folio or every hundred words copied. His work suffers from the onset of a mental aberration which causes him to decline direct instructions from his employer, then lapse into periods of nonconformity and self-isolation. His lean face and calm gray eyes reveal no agitation — only the intransigence that leads to the story's conflict. At the time of his death, forlorn and solitary, he rejects food and normal human interaction. The Lawyer A complacent, self-satisfied professional "conveyancer and title hunter," the narrator of the story, who is nearly sixty years old, refers to himself as "rather elderly." Imbued with the philosophy that the "easiest way of life is the best," he enjoys the rewards of the office of Master in Chancery along with property and some distinction among his Wall Street peers. Overly fastidious in matters of controversy, his usual methods of dealing with adversity are reason, monetary bribes, and withdrawal. Ginger Nut The twelve-year-old office factotum, Ginger Nut, ambitious son of a van driver, runs errands, sweeps, and, for a dollar per week, performs other tasks common to office boys, including purchasing cakes and apples for the copyists. The Grub-man An unctuous opportunist who provides quality food to people who can afford to pay for something better than ordinary prison fare. Nippers A sallow-skinned, bewhiskered, dyspeptic malcontent of twenty-five, Nippers is neat, well dressed, and swift at his copying. He grinds his teeth and hisses over his work, frequently halting to readjust the height of his work table. His agitation subsides after the noon meal. A small-time ward politician, he does business at the justices' courts and the steps of the Tombs. Turkey A sixtyish, corpulent Englishman, Turkey is gray-haired, short of stature, and red of face following his noon meal. A valuable copyist, he approaches a rebellious state every afternoon until around six o'clock by becoming reckless, combative, and messy in his columns. His clothing, like his work, reflects oily spills and the smell of restaurants.

Is Thoreau more practical or idealistic in his approach to Transcendentalism than Emerson?

More practical

Is "Life in the Iron-Mills" more realism or transcendentalism?

More realism although it has hint of transcendentalism.

Who wrote Rapaccini's Daughter and who are some of the main characters?

Nathaniel Hawhorne Characters: Dr. Giacomo Rappaccini - Renowned but sinister Padua physician who cultivates highly poisonous plants in his garden with the help of his daughter. He then attempts to extract medical cures from the poisons. Giovanni Guasconti - Handsome Neapolitan student enrolled in the medical curriculum at the University of Padua. He lives in an apartment overlooking Rappaccini's garden and makes the acquaintance of the doctor's daughter, whose beauty and mysterious powers fascinate him. Beatrice Rappaccini - Daughter of Dr. Rappaccini. Over the years, her father has exposed her to toxins in his plants and flowers as part of his experimentation. As a result, she becomes poisonous like the flowers, capable of killing an insect or an animal merely by breathing on it. However, she herself is immune to the effects of the toxins. She lives a life of isolation in the doctor's house and garden. Dr. Pietro Baglioni - Professor of medicine at the University of Padua to whom Giovanni Guasconti reports with a letter of introduction from his father, a friend of the professor. Baglioni and Dr. Rappaccini are professional rivals and bitter enemies, one striving to outdo the other in medical achievements. Old Lisabetta - Housekeeper in the mansion where Giovanni Guasconti rents an apartment. She shows Giovanni through corridors that lead to a secret entrance to Dr. Rappaccini's garden.

Who wrote The Birth-Mark? Name some characters

Nathaniel Hawthorne Characters: Aylmer - A brilliant yet misguided scientist and the protagonist of the story. Aylmer's experiments and creations have made him famous in the scientific community. He has investigated volcanoes, mines, and clouds; bottled the world's most delicious scents; created a powerful poison; and made a potion capable of erasing physical flaws such as freckles. Although his intentions are good, Aylmer is a selfish and cruel man whose delusions ultimately kill his wife. Georgiana - Aylmer's wife. A beautiful, intelligent, and caring woman, Georgiana is physically and spiritually lovely. Her only flaw is a small red birthmark shaped like a tiny hand on her left cheek. Georgiana worships her husband and submits to his unreasonable demands, despite her suspicions that they will kill her. Aminadab - Aylmer's assistant. A hulking, strong, grubby man, Aminadab is an able helper but simultaneously disgusted by Aylmer's desire to erase Georgiana's birthmark. Because Aminadab represents the physical side of existence, his disgust is a strong indictment of Aylmer. Ironically, Aminadab feels more compassion for Georgiana than her own husband does.

Who wrote "Young Goodman Brown" and who are some of the main characters?

Nathaniel Hawthorne Characters: Goodman Brown - A young resident of Salem and the story's protagonist. Goodman Brown is a good Christian who has recently married Faith. He takes pride in his family's history of piety and their reputation in the community as godly men. His curiosity, however, leads him to accept an invitation from a mysterious traveler to observe an evil ceremony in middle of the forest, one that shocks and disillusions him. Faith - Goodman Brown's wife. Faith is young, beautiful, and trusting, and Goodman Brown sees her as the embodiment of virtue. Although Goodman Brown initially ignores Faith's claims to have had disturbing nightmares, seeing her at the evil ceremony in the forest prompts him to question his wife's righteousness. The Old Man/Devil - The man, possibly the devil, who tempts Goodman Brown into attending the ceremony in the forest. The man intercepts Goodman Brown in the middle of the dark road, then presides over the ceremony. He sees through the Salem villagers' charade of Christian piety and prides himself on the godly men he has been able to turn to evil. The devil looks like the grandfather of young goodman brown. Goody Cloyse - A citizen of Salem Village who reveals herself to be a witch. Goody Cloyse is a Christian woman who helps young people learn the Bible, but in secret she performs magic ceremonies and attends witch meetings in the forest. Goody Cloyse was the name of an actual woman who was tried and convicted of witchcraft during the historical Salem Witch Trials of 1692; Hawthorne borrows her name for this character. The Minister - The minister of Salem. The minister, a respectable pillar of the community, appears to be a follower of the devil. Deacon Gookin - A member of the clergy in Salem who appears to be a follower of the devil. The deacon is an important man in the church of Salem, and Goodman Brown thinks of him as very religious.

Is Hawthorne a Calvinist?

No, he is critical of Calvinism and is somewhat of a Transcendentalist.

Who wrote Self-Reliance and who were some of the main characters?

Ralph Waldo Emerson Characters:

Who are the two main writers of transcendentalism?

Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau

Who wrote "Life in the Iron-Mills" and who were some of the characters?

Rebecca Harding Davis characters: Hugh Wolfe - 19 years old, furnace tender, born into poverty, mill worker since childhood, Deborah gives him stolen money, arrested for theft and sentenced to prison and commits suicide - kind & rebellious - Deborah is his cousin, poor, undernourished, commits suicide Deborah Wolfe - Hugh's cousin, steals money and gives it to Hugh, goes to jail, does her your time in jail, gets taken by quaker woman - thief & kind - Hugh's cousin, give him stolen money Mitchell - Deborah steals money from him, Rich, tours building, calls Dr. May out & tells him to give the guy money to help him & Dr. May says no, Kirby & Mitchell are in-laws - understanding & fair - Kirby and him are in-laws, Deborah steals from him, calls Dr. May out Dr. May - gets called out by Mitchell since he wouldn't give someone money, Rich, on tour of the mill - prejudice & selfish - called out by Mitchell, touring with Mitchell through the Mills, the town physician Kirby In-laws with Mitchell, son of the factory owner/Clarke Kirby, Kirby is factory owner, doesn't like the workers - young - in-laws with Mitchell Quaker Woman - Takes away Deborah, takes Hugh's body to make sure he has proper burial, takes care of Deborah - kind & caring - takes care of Deborah and Hugh's body The narrator The narrator - an unnamed individual of unspecified gender, obviously a member of the privileged class. For some reason, this person has settled in a working-class area of a mill town, in the house where the two protagonists of the story once lived. He or she owns the statue of the "korl woman." Janey - is a young child whose father is drunk and in jail and stays with the Wolfes.

What is a common misunderstanding about Thoreau?

That he thinks government is evil. He thinks governments are necessary, we just need to watch out for their encroachment.

What is the bird singing in the swamp trying to tell in the poem?

The bird says those who have died have reached peace. But it is those who are left behind that suffer.

What is Transcendentalism? Who were transcendentalist? Where did they live?

The connection of the natural world to the divine. The power of the natural world connected to human beings. The idea that at one point in time we were all a part of the oversoul (god, divine). Overtime we have been separated from the oversoul, leaving a piece of the divine inside of us. Main goal is finding your way back to the oversoul. They think society and institutions get in the way of this goal. - A movement of New England, a lot of educated people involved especially writers. Many are preachers, and are questioning orthodoxy. They are young and full of questions. - Transcendentalism arose after the erosion of Calvinism. - The enlightenment is challenging religious thinking by way of science. - They see Industrialism all around them. Don't want to end up like England. Troubles transcendalists are worried about this because it takes away from nature. An impediment to self-enlightenment or awareness. - Problems: slavery, womens-rights, poor education

What is the main point of "Crossing The Brooklyn Ferry"

The ferry moves people shore to shore and Whitman's poem is transporting from person to person. The clever thing is how the poem transcends time.

Why were most writers from the New England area in the 19th century?

This is where most of the printing presses, ports, schools and populated areas were.

Poem 124 The Sleeping

This poem is about dead Calvinists. She isn't convinced they had answers. They are oblivious of the world around them now and probably in the past.

Who wrote "Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry" and "When Lilacs in the Dooryard Bloom'd"

Walt Whitman

Who wrote Rip Van Winkle and who are some of the main characters?

Washington Irving Characters: Rip Van Winkle, Dame Van Winkle (his wife), Wolf (his dog), Rip Van Winkle -who falls asleep in the Catskills one day and wakes up twenty years later to find the world changed. Dame Van Winkle - Rip's nagging wife. Judith Gardenier - Rip's daughter, who takes him in after his return to the village. Peter Vanderdonk - the eldest man in the village and the only one to recognize Rip. Nicholas Vedder - the leader of the village, known for smoking his pipe. Diedrich Knickerbocker - an old gentleman who tells the story of Rip Van Winkle. Henry Hudson - famed namesake of the Hudson River.

Who wrote Sleepy Hollow and who are some of the main characters?

Washington irving Characters: Baltus Van Tassel - also known as Balt, is a thriving and contented farmer, father of Katrina, who is perfectly happy within the confines of his farm. He lives abundantly but not proudly. Brom Van Brunt Brom, short for Abraham, is Ichabod Crane's greatest rival in the fight for Katrina's hand. He is boisterous, burly, and the hero of the area, known for his heroics and feats of strength, for which he earns the nickname Brom Bones. He is especially for skilled on horseback. He is mischievous, but he is often motivated by goodwill. He is most likely the one in disguise as the Headless Horseman. Hans Van Ripper Hans Van Ripper is a choleric old farmer who is housing Ichabod Crane at the time of the Van Tassels' party. He lends Ichabod the horse on that fateful night. Ichabod Crane A native of Connecticut, Ichabod Crane comes to Sleepy Hollow to work as a schoolteacher and singing master. His erudition and skill at singing are disputed only by the narrator. He is tall and extremely thin with a huge appetite and a certain amount of greed. He uses the rod as his preferred method of disciplining his students—but only on those strong enough to bear it. He is especially interested in ghost stories and the supernatural, because he believes in it. His attempt to woo Katrina Van Tassel fails just before he meets the headless horseman, who is most likely Ichabod's primary competition in disguise. Katrina Van Tassel The only child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel, Katrina is eighteen and universally known for both her beauty and her riches. She is also a flirt, and she always dresses to show off her best features. She is one of Ichabod Crane's singing students, and she is the object of his desires. Just at the point when Ichabod thinks he has won her over, the narrator suggests that an undisclosed attempt was unsuccessful, which means that Ichabod must leave her house dejected and susceptible to his worst fears. The Headless Horseman - a Hessian soldier rumored to haunt Sleepy Hollow.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. Main characters?

William Lloyd Garrison A leading abolitionist in the North, and Douglass' patron. Garrison and his followers advocated the abolition of slavery on moral grounds but did not support armed resistance. Wendell Phillips Another leading figure in the abolitionist movement. After the Civil War, Phillips supported Douglass' position regarding the enfranchisement of freed slaves. The Phillips-Douglass alliance was in direct opposition to Garrison and his supporters, who advocated a slower pace of reform. Harriet Bailey Douglass' mother; little is known about her. Years after her death, Douglass learned that she was a literate slave. He was never able to determine, though, how a field hand had the opportunity to learn to read. Captain Anthony Douglass' first master and possibly his father. Captain Anthony was Colonel Lloyd's clerk and superintendent. His children were Andrew, Richard, and Lucretia. Colonel Lloyd Lloyd was reportedly the richest slave holder in Talbot County, Maryland. The Lloyd family had been in Maryland for over two hundred years, and many of its members were politicians and prominent people in Maryland society. Colonel Lloyd behaved almost like a feudal lord of the region. Mr. Severe A cruel and profane overseer; his early death was considered an act of divine providence by the slaves. Mr. Gore Another exceptionally cruel overseer; he had no qualms about executing a slave who disobeyed him. Mrs. Lucretia Auld Daughter of Captain Anthony. In The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Douglass describes Lucretia as a kind woman who protected him from being beaten by Aunt Katy, another slave. In his old age, Douglass became a good friend of Lucretia's daughter, Amanda Auld. Lucretia had died when Amanda was still a child. Thomas Auld Upon the death of his wife, Thomas took control of all of her property, including Douglass. Douglass recalls him as a hypocritical and cruel master. Thomas loaned Douglass to his brother Hugh Auld in Baltimore, as well as to Covey, a slave-breaker. On his death bed, Thomas asked to see Douglass. Hugh Auld A ship-builder in Baltimore. Douglass portrays him as a greedy slave master who exploited Douglass as a day worker. Hugh prohibited Douglass from learning to read because he felt a knowledgeable slave was a dangerous one. Sophia Auld The wife of Hugh Auld. At first, she was exceedingly kind to Douglass, but owning slaves corrupted her and eventually led her to treat him as mere property. Edward Covey Thomas Auld loaned Douglass to Covey, a poor farmer famous in Talbot County as an unparalleled breaker of slaves. Covey's duty was to crush Douglass' rebellious spirit. In return, Covey acquired free use of Douglass for a year. Covey was sneaky and cruel, nicknamed "the snake" by his slaves. Eventually Douglass successfully confronted Covey and was never whipped again. Sandy Jenkins A superstitious slave who showed Douglass how to protect himself from Covey with a magical root. Following Jenkins' instruction, Douglass found himself able to confront Covey. This is a puzzling episode because Douglass does not really explain whether he believed the magical root worked or whether it simply gave him a psychological boost. .(my notes) Lived with Captain Auld, then Thomas Auld, goes back to Baltimore to live Captain Auld sister. Then starts speaking, with Garrison. One of the most important characters in the abolitionist movement. (my notes) Comes in contact with William Freeland. Douglas regards him as a fine southern gentleman because he gives them enough food and the proper tools to work with.

Is Thoreau Jeffersonian?

Yes

Is Dickinson similar to Whitman?

Yes, she is confessional too. But she isn't interested in the human body like Whitman.

Great Awakening

characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase of interest in religion, a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected, an increase in evangelical church membership, and the formation of new religious movements and denominations

What does the contrast of village and forest represent in "Young Goodman Brown"?

o Village represents safety, goodness, self-control. Everyone is watching everyone else and this is what keeps people in line. Panopticism. Feigned goodness. Forest is gloomy, Goodman is in a moral peril, native americans are here, satan is here. Satan was with Goodman Brown's father and grandfather. Everyone has original sin, probably isn't anything like the Elect in Calvinism.