English 101 Exam Review

Rhetorical Distance

By contrasting his position in jail with the audience's freedom as well as the message's topic (freedom), MLK, Jr. creates ________________.

sincere

Research begins with __________ questioning

Established community

Rhetorical research allows you to enter an

other voices

Rhetorical research allows you to recognize motives of

Modality

how we sense something (visual, eyes, oral, ears)

verbal

words spoken, sung, handwritten, or typed.

paraphrase

original not long, language not unique, identical length, your own language and sentence structure

rhetorical genre

arise from particular needs or patterns of activity. Can enact certain cultural values and beliefs. shape how their users see the world.

summary

original passage long, language not unique, shorter than original, your own language and sentence structure

Comma Splice

two independent clauses (complete sentences) incorrectly joined together with just a comma

Run On

two independent clauses (complete sentences) incorrectly joined together with no conjunction or punctuation

Vacuum

The rhetorical triangle (audience, message, communicator) is a good beginning for rhetoric, but only considering these three elements misleads people into believing rhetoric occurs within a ________________.

Rhetoric

The wide array of communicative devices humans have at their disposal to create effects on each other.

Two

There are _________ basic types of evidence for support.

Auditory

spoken language, song, music, or ambient noise

claim

A ___________ is a condensed version of your overall argument, the basic message that you want to convince your audience of.

A summary of the original work the writer is responding to

A key component of any response paper that's not common for the standard academic essay is _________________.

Scope

A primary objective for an introduction is establishing the essay's ______________.

Exigency

A recent natural disaster prompted the Governor to declare a state of emergency, enabling state agencies to respond faster to aid its citizens. In this example, the natural disaster is the _______________.

character

Ethos is an appeal to ____________.

False

Genres are concrete, static forms of communication.

A clear discussion of both sides, documenting the strengths of each without taking a clear stance.

In "A Call for Unity," the clergymen issued a public statement. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of that genre?

Grammar

Mechanical accuracy and reliability

PIE

Point, Illustration, Explanation

signal tags, ending citations, work cited entries, and SOIs

Quotes, summaries, and paraphrases all require what?

True

T/F All writers do NOT follow the same writing process.

False

T/F Communicators should reach the drafting stage BEFORE considering who their audience will be

True

T/F Ethos in rhetorical acts comes from two places: from sources external to the message and from the message itself.

True

T/F If a source has no author listed, you can use the first words of the work's title as part of the in-text citations

False

T/F In text citations should appear for quotations and paraphrases, but not summaries

Claims

Though "A Call for Unity" is concise, there are many ____________ provided within the statement.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is an example of ethos that is externalto the message? - A pediatrician writes a blog post informing parents that extensive screen-time (television, tablets, phones) increases the likelihood of health problems later in life. - A single mother working full-time and taking college courses in the evening writes an article about the challenges of parenting while pursuing a bachelor's degree. - The former police chief for a small, rural town writes an op-ed piece arguing for better pay and health-care for first-responders in that locale.

Kairos

is not a rhetorical appeal, timeliness of your actions

haptic

sense of touch and where or how the body is positioned in relation to the communication

genres

somewhat stabilized yet flexible forms of communication that have developed over time and in response to all these other rhetorical factors: purpose, audience, context, exigence, modalities, media, and circulation.

visual

still and moving images, color, written text, gestures, or facial expressions.

Medium

the channel which we were given (television, sit com, magazine, radio)

Exigency

the problem, what needs to be dealt with

Rhetoric

the wide array of communicative devices humans has at their disposal to create effects on each other.

Ethos

an appeal to the writer's credibility (Aristotle says this is the most important)

Fragment

an incomplete thought (not a complete sentence)

All of these are points made.

Which of the following is a point made in "A Call for Unity?" - Though the demonstrations were peaceful, they incited hatred and violence. - They called attention that demonstrations were creating tensions and led by outsiders. - They commended local officials and law enforcement for their restraint.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a potential purpose for a response argument? - Show the original argument is flawed in logic. - Expand the original work to a new area not considered yet. - Clarify the work's importance needs more attention and why.

Mode

Which of the following refers to the basic sensory means by which communication happens (i.e. verbal, auditory, visual, haptic)?

Primary

Which type of evidence refers to evidence gathered directly about the topic through observation and include interviews, experiments, and surveys?

All of the answers are correct.

Why is genre awareness important to not just academics but our daily lives? - We become better participants in the communities we inhabit. - Knowing generic characteristics improves our understanding of not just the content but the means and purpose behind its delivery. - It informs how we might respond to it with our own rhetorical action.

False

You cannot make changes to a quote

Kairos

______________ refers to the timeliness of rhetorical action or the communicator's ability to act quickly and decisively in the moment.

Pathos

an appeal to emotion

Logos

an appeal to reason or logic

Primary Evidence

A student is doing research on college student eating habits and decides to survey 100 of his peers. This survey would be considered a ____________ if used as support in an essay.

Primary Evidence

A student writing a paper on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s rhetoric and plans to analyze two of his sermons. Those sermons would be considered __________.

secondary Evidence

A student writing a paper on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s rhetoric wants to include a journal article that analyzes the rhetoric of his sermons. This source would be considered __________.

Sports Equipment

In class, what examples did we use to better understand genres?

means of communication

Modality, medium, genre, and circulation encompass the ___________________.

How and why we use sources

Rhetorical research allows you to increase awareness of

True

T/F MLK, Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" wasn't published in its entirety until nearly a full year after he wrote it.

False

T/F Medium and Mode are the same elements in a rhetorical situation.

False

T/F Parenthetical citations provide ALL of the identifying information for a source

False

T/F Persuasive media such as advertisements, opinion pieces, and grant proposals are considered rhetorical; however, physical spaces such as hospitals, classrooms, and public monuments are not.

True

T/F Summarizing the paper's main points and thesis in the conclusion is a common strategy; however, it is not the most resonant, powerful method.

False

T/F You only need to provide in text citations to avoid plagiarism

quote

Use sparingly, unique/notable, identical language, quotation marks

Tait

Wednesday's Genre readings by Tait (Pandemic shaming) and Edwards (Urban Safety): Because of its genre, which work included more direct quotations and examples from both sides of the issue?

Exigency

Wednesday's Genre readings by Tait (Pandemic shaming) and Edwards (Urban Safety): Both of their works clearly identified a(n) _____________ within the first two paragraphs.

Presented key quotes from the work as centered text.

Wednesday's Genre readings by Tait (Pandemic shaming) and Edwards (Urban Safety): In what way do we see the textbook publisher altering the presentation of both articles and present us with the textbook-essay genre?

Argument culture

What does Deborah Tannen call the unpleasant public discourse where every issue has only two sides and participants shout each other down with logical fallacies and troublesome tactics?

Purpose

What the communicator or hopes to achieve with this rhetorical action, is often multilayered.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following are true? - Genres arise from particular needs or patterns of activity. - Genres can also shape how their users see the world. - Genres can enact certain cultural values and beliefs.

Ethos

Which of the following did Aristotle consider to be the most important rhetorical appeal?