Enska -munnlegt próf
A bird came down the walk by Emily Dickinson Victorian age
-the poet sees a bird in a path , he ate angelworm and drank a small drop of water, the bird moved to side to let a beetle pass, the bird seemed frightened , the poet offers him a bread but the bird flew away -graphic actions: he bites an angleworm in halves and ate the fellow raw personification: like beads, -the feathers are like velvet - when it refers to the poet bc it is more poetic -The sky is softer for him bc the bird can fly in the sky without any danger - silver air superior to ocean of the water, the poet sees the bird flying away in the air but the bird sees himself flying away in the water, it´s like a mirror -plashless: doesn´t make as much sound when pronounced
Base details by Siegfried Early 20th century and modernism
He imagines to be a major 1, ill-health:Short of breath Intimidating:petulant Old: bald Food and drink:guzzling and gulping in the best hotels -his task would be to speed the heroes up to the line to death -he would go home and die(sleep) in his bed -scrap (little fight): that it was just a little fight where many people died base details: to the major the soldiers were unimportant to him and to the soldiers th major was uninportant bc he didn´t have to fight or do anything
A farewell to arms 1929 by earnest hemingway Early 20th century and modernism
Lieutenant Frederic Henry(american), driver with the italian army fighting on the austrian front, falls in love with an english nurse Catherine, she becomes pregnant. henry desides tto desert and go to switzerland with catherine, they live happily together for a few months but then she and the baby die during childbirth - lying on the floor of the carriage, Frederric felt cold and hungry and was wet, -he was pleased with his knee bc he had had knee surgery and the doctor did a good job - he did not want to think about catherine to much bc then he would get crazy knowing he would maybe not see her again - He compares losing his cars and men to a floorwalker losing the stock of his department in a fire → If they shot floorwalkers after a fire in the department store because they spoke with an accent they always had, then certainly the floorwalkers would not be expected to return when the store opened again for buisness. -he stopped being angry when he stopped having obligation -he did not resent the men in the front, called them the brave and good ones -the news of his disappearance would be reported by Piani who would tell them that Henry had been shot -when he and catherine would be reunited they would have to find a place to go to His immediate surroundings: Car HIs physical state: Hungry, His emotional state: lonesome, felt like it wasn´t his knee rain represents death
David Copperfield 1849 - 1850 by Charles Dickens Victorian age
Story about a young boy named David Copperfield. Following his fathers death, his mother Carla remarries to a cruel man named Mr.Murdstone. David is left in his and his sister Mrs. Murdstone care after his mother dies. 1. His mother, mr. and Miss. Murdstone are present in the parlour while David recites his lesson. It has a disturbing influence on him bc he gets stressed and he hesitates a lot and says the words in a confused way 2. Clara is nice and wants to help her son by whispering the words to him but Miss Murdstone tells her to be firm with David and to give him the book back and make him know it 3. In second try, David is less successful and thinks about Miss Murdstone´s cap or the price of her dressing gown or just anything else 4. Carla tries to give David the cue by the motion of her lips 5. After his lesson David has to do a math project which is buying five thousand double Cloucester cheese at fourpence-halfpenny each. 6. If the murdstones hadn´t been at his lesson it would have gone well and he would have been calm and gotten the words correct 7. The Murdstones didn´t approve of David playng with other children bc he had to exercise or work and the children would have contaminated him 2. The narrator uses present tense and it makes the narration more vivid and dramatic 3. Clara is intimidated by the murdstones, she follows their instructions. David is not critical of his mother behavior 4. a) David thought of the murdstones as snakes who were trying to attack him(simile that suggests the evil&predatory nature of their behaviour) b) Miss Murdstone enjoys when David is punished which suggests that she derives sadistic pleasure from tormenting David c) Murder & Stone are associated with the name Murdstone 5. David &Clara: loving and understanding David & Mr. Murdstone: Formal and detached 6. The status of men and women was not equal, women didn´t inherit nothing in the victorian age
Araby by James Joyce Early 20th century and modernism
Story of a young boy who becomes in love with his friend´s sister -former tenant of his house was a priest but he died in the back drawing room. -He found paper covered books( The Abbot, The Memoirs of Vidocq) in the kichen, in the garden he found the formers tenant´s rusty bicycle pump - When the kids saw the narrators´s uncle coming, the kids hid in the shadow -if Margan´s sister came out on the doorstep to call him in for a tea, the kids could come from hiding - Every morning the narrator laid on the floor in front of the parlour watching the sister´s door. - on saturday evening the narrator had to go with his aunt to carry some of the parcels and he imagined that he was walking with his chalice threw a throng of foes. -Mangan´s sister could not go bc there was a retreat that weekend in her convent, the narrator promised her to bring sth for her from the baazar -the narrator neglected his school work bc he could only think of the girl -while he was waiting for for his uncle he passes time by going room to room singing,when Mrs Mercer left he began walking up and down the room ,clenching his fist. his uncle let him go bc the aunt said him to do so bc he had been waiting for so long -He went after 9 o clock at nighttime, he paid with a silling bc he could not find a sixpenny and feared that the baazar would be closed. He did not buy anything bc the baazar was closing and was angry bc of that religion:christian brothers school,priest negligence: musty hung in all the rooms enclosure: brown imperturbable faces tension,sensuousness desire,suffering
Charles Dickens
- Most popular Victorian novelist - Born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England -His father was irresponsible with money so the life of the huge Dickens family was consequently difficult -At 12 years old, his father was imprisoned for debt and Charles was sent to work in awful conditions in a factory -Memories of this traumatic period inspired much of his later writings e.g. in David Copperfield - Charles education was neglected but he was a good reader - Became a reporter of debates in the house of parliament for a London journal - in 1833 he began writing essays of London life and manners under the pen name Boz - The Pickwick Papers 1837, his first novel, one of the supreme comic novels in english history - In april 1836 Charles married and in 1837 the first of his 10 children was born - Between 1837 and 1843 he wrote Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity shop and A christmas carol. - in 1842 he toured America and spoke in favour of abolition of slavery and demanded that international copyright laws be passed - 1850s David Copperfield, Bleak house, Hard times, Little Dorrit & A tale of two cities - Founded newspaper and a theatrical company and did charity work - His personal life was not happy and he got divorced in 1858 Some of his best work: Great Expectations and Our mutual friend - In june 1870 he died of a stoke at the age of 58 - Themes: urban decay and negative aspects of Victorian times, poverty and despair, social issues - Was not a radical thinker - Often compared to Shakespeare in his ability to capture the essence of a personality in just a couple of lines - Dicken´s plots often seem artificial and contrived. - Greatest of all novelists in the english language
The soldier by Rupert brooke Early 20th century and modernism
- the corner of some foreign field would become england if brooke should die bc he died fighting for his country -the hidden dust(his ashes) is richer than the surrounding earth bc his country benifited from his death -england has given brooke life and love -once an english man always an english man - he will feel blessed dying for his country - patriotic and Triumphant - a sonnet (14 lines)
Because I could not stop for death by Emily Dickinson Victorian age
-Death in a form of a gentleman suitor and the poet are in the carriage and it seems as if the death is polite and charming - the carriage passes by school,the fields of gazing grain, the setting sun, a house -the poet is wearing a dress of a very thin material(nighting gown?) -the house barely had a roof(its her grave) - centuries have passed personification: death stoppes fer her - she is not afraid of dying - she gave up thinking of work and play - gazing grain: her teens, grown but not ready to cut -setting sun: she is old - 4th stanza she is cold, she wasn´t prepared for death -5th stanza: she is looking at her grave -she is dead. time doesn´t matter bc she has lived a full life and was ready to die
Emily Bronte
-Emily (1818)and her sister Charlotte were born in the small isolated village of Haworth on the Yorkshire moor, where they lived with their father(local vicar),their mother, three sisters and a brother. -When Emily was 3 years old she lost her mother and was sent to an orphanage as well were her siblings. -Her father brought them back home due to harsh conditions - The Bronte children were avid readers of Shakespear,Milton,Byron, the classics and the Bible. They showes an early gift for writing and wrote miniature books about fantasy worlds. - Emily attended the schhol were her sister Charlotte taught for a short period but soon returned home suffering from homesickness -The sisters opened a school but the project failed bc there were no enrolements -in 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne published a selection of their poems under the male pen names Currer(Charlotte), Ellis(Emily) and Acton(Anne)Bell. -Despite non -existent public response they continued writing and Charlotte´s Jane eyre, Emily´s Wuthering Heights and Anne´Agnes Grey were all accepted for publication again under the male Bell pen names. All of the novels were well received - The sisters spent the following years taking care of their alcoholic brother, who died 1848. The same year Emily died of tuberculosis. Wuthering Heights shocked contemporary readers for its portrayal of intense and negative passions such as hatred and revenge and its depiction of wild outbursts of violence. The loss of Catherine pushes Heathcliff, the dark brooding hero of the novel into a spiral despair and violence. It contains gothic elements such as sinister atmosphere of the house and Catherine´s chost.
Midnight´s Children 1981 by Salman Rushdie the contemporary age
-Salem was born at the exact moment India becomes independent in the 15th of august 1947. He and all the 1001 children who were born at the same time are called midnight children. -581 were still living -420 had died but bc of malnutrition, this number is associated with fraud and trickery, maybe the missing infants were eliminated bc maybe they weren´t the true midnight children -birth rates were higher than death in india by 687 an hour -Saleem is the narrator -the midnight children were magical(had preternatural power) and assorted freaks -everyone fell in love with the twin girls, they had a strange power over men -when salem had a bicycle accident he became aware of the all, as the result of a jolt -a boy claimed he was the reincarnation of a famous poet Rabindranath Tagore -children with two heads sometimes one human and one animal and some had bullock horns - saleem was not aware of what was happening in pakistan -in 1957 the children were aware of each other and were very ignorant magic realism obstructive narrator is one who interupts the reader directly
Robert Louis Stevenson
-Was born in 1850 in Edinburgh into a middle class family. -As first a student of science and then of law at Edinburgh University, he rebelled against his conservative and authoritarian family and started showing unease with the inflexibility of Victorian age - He started out writing brief book reviews and articles and experimenting with short stories - His first published works, An inland Voyage and Travels with a Donkey were travel tales with reflections on life and society. -In 1880 he married a divorcee who was 10 years older than him and had 2 children. Bc the english climate was unsuitable for his health(he had undiagnose tubercolosis) from 1880 to 1887 he travelled in Europe and spent the winters in southern france. -Treasure Island 1883 marked the beginning of his popularity which was followed by Kidnapped and The strange case of Dr. J and Mr. H - in 1887 he lived for a year in Usa (always looking for the rigt climate for his health) and then he decided to settle in South pacific Island of Samoa -He continued to write but then died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 44 -He wrote poems, literary,biographies, children´s stories, horror tales and travel essays -The master of ballantrae where the main theme was troubled relationship between a son and his father -The beach of falesa and the Ebb-Tide -As a poet--> A child´s garden of verses, fears and simple joys of childhood
Oscar Wilde
-Was born in Dublin in 1854 into an upper middle class family. -He was educated in Dublin and at Oxford were he excelled as a student. At Oxford he came under the influence of Walter Pater -Considered eccentricity to be the outward apperance of genius -He became a celebrity long before he wrote a single word -in 1882 he went on a lecture tour on the aesthetics in usa and canada and played the role of the Aesthete and the english decadent. He became famous for his outrageous and witty remarks "Nothing but my genius" -in 1884 Wilde got married , they had 2 children - in 1888: The happy prince and other Tales (fairy stories - Dorian grey is his only novel -became editor of a magazine and published more fairy stories -then he turned to playwriting- produced hilarious comedies - in 1891 he met Lord Alfred Douglas and they had a homosexual relationship -Wilde was prosecuted and sentenced for hard label for 2 years for homosexual acts - Everyone rejected him, even his family - he went to europe under a false name, borrowing money. - He died a lonely death of cerebral meingitis in Paris at the age of 46 (1900) -wild´s literary career began 1881 with a collection of poems. he returned to poetry just before dying, writing The Ballad of reading Gaol in appeared under the name of wild´s prisen number C33 because his name was unaccapteble in England - Dorian grey is based on the myths of Narcissus and Faust - plays: the importance of being earnest -most quated author after shakespear -his name has become synonymous with witty dialogue and aphorisms - he challenged victorian society with his wit and cynical views
Salman Rushdie
-born in Bombay,India into a muslim family -educated in english school and public school in england -read history at cambridge and received MA with honours in 1968 -worked briefly as an actor in london and the a freelance copywriter -first book: Grimus 1975 -second: Midnights children-awards at the booker prize -The satanic verses-indian immigrants in england -Fury(2001) -
William Golding
-born in Cornwall in 1911 - he was educated at Oxford where he studied english literature -worked in a small theatre companies as a writer,actor and producer while supporting himself by teaching -served in the royal navy during the ww2 including normandi -his traumatic war experience darkened his view on human nature and deeply influenced his writing -returned to teaching -9 more novels nobel prize for literature -was knighted by the queen in 1988 -died in 1993 while working on his last novel, which was published after his death -his novels explore the darker side of human nature -the spire,rites of passage, fire down below -in all his novels he deals with individuals or groups that find themselves in extreme circumstances which strip them of the trappings of civilisation. -the intrinsic cruelty of a man is a theme in most of his novels
Wilfred Owen
-born in Oswestry, england into a devout Anglicaan family -studied at london university before going to france to teach -he could not decide whether he should enlist or not to the army but enrolled in 1915 -He fought in the battle of the somme but suffered from shell shock and was sent to war hospital in scotland where he met siegfried sassoon - he encouraged him to write poetry as a form of therapy . -nightmares of exerperiences in the war -in 1918 he returned to the battle front and was awarded the military cross for his bravery. he was killed in action on november 4th -shows the realistic image of war and was not popular right away bc people wanted to read romantic patriotism of rupert - today he is regarded as one of the greatest war poets
Margaret Atwood
-born in Ottowa, canada -educated at the university of toronto and Harvard univ. -original she was a poet, collection of poetry:the circle game -first novel: the edible woman, the handmaids tale -cat´s eye nominated for the booker prize -considered to be one of canada´s major contemporary novelists -the blind assasin
James Joyce
-born near Dublin in 1882 and was the eldest of 10 children, he grew up in a middle class catholic family -he was educated by the jesuit and graduated from University collage 1902. Brifely studdied medicine in Paris -left ireland after his mother´s death -had two children with Nora and married her in 1933 -First work Dubliners(15 stories) took him 10 years to get it published, Ezra pound helped him to get his next work published, A portrait of a young man(1916) -his book ulysses was banned in english speaking countries bc he was prosecuted for printing obscene material -not happy life, suffered from glaucoma(eye condition) , finances was not good -last novel finnegans wake 1939-negetive reviews -died in january 1941 at the age of 58 -his innovative literary techniques make him one of the most influential writers of the 20th century
Siegfried Sassoon
-came from a rich jewish family and was educated at the best schools but did not graduate -enlisted in the army and sent to france -was shot in the chest by a sniper -awarded the military cross for bravery which he laterr threw away -shell shocked and sent to a war hospital end met wilfred owen -sent a statement to his commanding officer criticed the war (later made public) -published a collection of anti war poems Counterr attack where he describes the horrors of the war -returned briefly to the battlefront in 1918, was again wounded and sent home. -wrote a three volume autobiography -died in 1967
Rupert Brooke
-educated at Rugby school and at King´s collage, Cambridge. Then he travelled to germany and wrote his first collection of poems called Poems in 1911 -joined the Royal Naval division as an officer when the ww1 broke out -on leave december 1914 he wrote the five War sonnets who made him famous -died of blood poisening during the war
Break,break,break 1842 by Alfred Tennyson victorian age
-the poet is addressing a friend he has lost -the poet is unable to express his thoughts and feelings - the fisherman´s boy is shouting and playing and the sailor lad is singing -the poet longs for the touch of his lost friend and hearing his voice again -there´s a sad atmosphere, he can´t say the words he want to say like the sea crashes heavy on the stones. He is frustrated that he can´t make a sound bur the sea can -the poet envys the people' s happiness and carefree spirit -the image of the ships reaching their haven contract the poets situation bc the ships come back but his friend doesn´t - when he talks about the touch of a hand he is expressing that he misses his friend metaphor: he uses day who is passing and won´t come back again as a metaphor for his friend iambic trimeter: he uses an extra iambic foot in lines 11 and 15 bc in the those line he is talking about someone who isn´t coming back and wants to and wants to emphasize those lines repetition: break, break, break rhyme alliteration internal rhyme he feels at one with the eternal world bs no one feels the same way as him, they are just living their life, being happy
Alfred Tennyson
-was born in Lincolnshire in 1809, and was educated by his father at home who was a rector and a scholar, - had 11 siblings -in 1827 , Alfred went to Trinity collage,Cambrige where he met the poet Arthur Hallam, they became good friends and Hallam encouraged Alfred to write poetry -first work: Poems,Chiefly Lyrical in 1830 before he left Camrbridge without a degree. -Hallam died suddenly in Vienna at the age of 23 and Alfred was deeply affected by that. -He wrote Memoriam A.H.H. (132 lyrics and records) where he expresses his grief, it took him 17 years to complete it -Another collection: Poems which established his reputation as the leading poet of the age, he was granted an annual government pension and appointed Poet Laureate in 1850 -Married Emily Sellwood and moved to the Isle of Wight -he was very shy - In 1884 he was made a baron(Lord) by Queen Victoria and was the first english man to receive the title for literary merit alone. - He died at the age of 83 and was buried in Westminster Abbey -Break, break, break, Morte´d Arthur, Ulysses in the collection Poems with two volume collection -His work express the national pride, love of order,sentimentality and optimism - Captures the spirit of his age -Accused of lack of depth, meaning and originality
Dulce et Decorum est by Wilfred owen Early 20th century and modernism
-when they realise that there has been a gas attack they try to put their gas masks or helmets on but some didn´t make it in time and are shouting bc their lungs are on fire bc of the gas -in his dreams the gas smoke plunges at him and chokes him -they flung the victims of the gas attack behind a wagon -he adresses god as his friend? -the old lie is that its sweeat and proper to die for your country similies:Drunk with fatigue Like a man in fire or lime, As under a green sea It highlights the man´s extreme suffering -a distinctly musical rhyming scheme would not suit the theme and mood of the poem - Assonance- hálfrím- blind-behind Onomattopoeia - hljóðlíking- hoots
Picture of Dorian Grey 1891 by Oscar Wilde The victorian age
Dorian Grey is an extraordinarily handsome young man. Encouraged by his friend Lord Henry Wooton, he has his portrait painted by Basil Howard. Dorian can see his own soul in the painting and through it he realises he can achieve eternal youth, whille the painting ages, he stays the same. Knowing that he will always be young and handsome he leads a life of debauchery without any moral restraints for many years. The portrait seems to represent the degradation of Dorian´s soul. Dorian ends up stabbing the portrait and turns into an old man and dies -Lord Henry tells Dorian to sit in the shade bc he doesn´t want his beautiful face to get sunburnt and his complexion to be ruined and then Basil will never paint Dorian again -According to Lord Henry, youth is the only thing worth having - Lord Henry believes that Dorian will realise that when he is old,wrinkled and ugly - Lord Henry thinks beauty is higher than genius bc it needs no explanation, it´s a great fact like sunlight and spring time - Lord Henry thinks thought is more superficial bc beauty is the wonder of wonders -According to Lord Henry, time is the enemy of youth and beauty and trying to improve the hopeless failure and giving away your life to the ignorant, the common and the vulgar are false ideals of their age - Lord Henry thinks Dorian should always search for new sensations - Youth and beauty differ from the elements of nature bc the hill flowers will blossom again but we will never get our youth back. the physical degeneration caused by ageing: wrinkles, ugliness , lips branded with its hideous fires the psychological anxiety of ageing: you will feel terrible , you won´t smile anymore personification: time is jealous metonymy: youth is called ugly - Seeing his painting again after years have passed, Basil felt disgusted and hatred and felt like his blood had changed from fire to sluggish. He didn´t recognise the painting first - Dorian watched Basil reaction with a strange expression on his face - Basil says that the reason for the transformation is that the room was humid when he painted the portrait and mildew must have got into the canvas and the paints he used were awful. -Basil says that his life must be terrible. -Basil thinks that the both of them have committed a sin, Basil worshipped Dorian too much and Dorian worshipped himself too much
The strange case of dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde 1886 by Robert Louis Stevenson The victorian age
Dr Jeckyll believes that man is a mixture of good and evil and carries out experiments to separate one from the other. He eventually develops a drug that transforms him into mr.hyde who represents pure evil. Mr, hyde seems to take all power over Jeckyll, who cannot control the transformations. Hyde commits vicious murder and in order to avoid arrest and disgrace he commits suicide Dr. Lanyon reveived a strange letter from Dr. Jeckyll where he asked him to break into his house and take a chemical compound and bring it to his own house and give it to a man who would come and get it in the evening -Before the visitor enters the house his behaviour is suspicious bc he moved suddenly and more quickly bc of the police man. -The visitor was very excited and was hysteric -When the visitor touched Lanyon, Lanyon took his hands back of him and felt pain - Lanyon shows the guest the drawer when he seess that the visitor is fighting against the approaches of hysteria -The visitor cried of relief when he saw the contents -The guest offers Lanyon the choice of leaving without witnessing what is about to happen or stayng and witnessing a prodigy, Lanyon decides to stay bc he had gone too far in the way of inexplicable services to pause before he saw the end. -When the visitor drank the potion his face became suddenly black and the features seemed to melt and alter. -Lanyon spung to his feet and leaped back against the wall and screamed O god again and again when he saw that the visitor was Henry Jeckyll it takes place at midnight which creates a scary setting for the story the mixture was reddish, then dark purple and then watery green -Dr. Jeckyll discovered that the man is not truly one but truly two, good and evil - He predicts that in the future it will be discovered that the man is like society in which many different inhabitants live. - when he discovered the duality of man he dreamed of the separation of the two elements,that it would be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable. - He first saw dr.hyde when he looked upon the ugly face in the glass after he drank a potion he made with a particular salt and other elements - When he saw the reflection he was happy -when other people saw dr. hyde none could come near him without a sense of fear and disgust.
Cat´s eye 1989 by Margret Atwood the contemporary age
Elaine is a successful middle aged painter who after many years has returned to Toronto, the city she grew up in. It brings up her memories of the bad friendship between her an her "best friend" Cordelia who bullied her. the novel tells a story of Elaine´s life though flashbacks. she finally exorcises the memory of her tormentor when she goes back to her old school. 9 years old: -she sits with her knees up, as close to her body as she can. She is peeling the skin off her feet and worries about what she has said today, how she walks, just everything she does bc these things need improvement -Cordelia says that she is not normal and not like other girls -it will be hard for her when it´s time to eat bc she will have trouble eating, her stomach will contract and it will be difficult to swallow,her hands will get cold -she thinks about putting her finger in the toaster to delay time so she won´t have to go and meet Cordelia and the girls(Grace and Carol) -Carol´s job is to report to Cordelia what Elaine does and says -they don´t criticise Elaine in public, it´s a secret -if she would tell someone she would be making a sin and be casted out forever -she considers Cordelia her friend bc she wants to help her and she likes her, she has never had any friends before and doesn´t want to lose them -Elaine is absent from the events Hatred would have been easier,she could have known what to do, hatred is clear, one handed unlike love dramatic,humerous
Wuthering Heights 1846 by Emily Bronte The victorian age
Story of uncontrollable,almost demonic love and passion -Wuthering heights is owned by the Earnshaws and Thrushcross Grange is owned by the Lintons. - Much of the story is narrated by Nelly Dean (housekeeper at WH). - Heathcliff is found on the streets of Liverpool as a child by Earnshaw, who raises him as his own child. He is mistreated by Earnshaw´s son Hindley. -Heathcliff is very fond of Catherine, Hindley´s sister but she decides to marry Edgar Linton. -Heathcliff marries Edgar´s sister, Isabella -Heathcliff disappears for number of years but returns to get revenge on those who mistreated him and snatch Catherine from Edgar. -Nelly doesn´t believe that Catherine is in love with Edgar and she is angry and aggressive towards Catherine -Nelly lies about Heathcliff not being present in the room -Nelly seems to side more with Heathcliff -Nelly´s personality:Realistic,rational, spiteful - Catherine goes into defense and is naive by Nelly´s questioning -Catherine marrying Edgar is based on practical necessity and not love - Catherine´s face grew sadder and graver and her clasped hands trembled. - Marrying Linton will not solve her problems and will lead to her tragic downfall( she will not be happy) -Catherine says that her and Heathcliffs souls are the same (soulmates) -Linton is compared to moonbeam and frost which stands for coldness -Heathcliff is compared to lighting and fire which stands for passion -Catherine´s love for Heathcliff is compared to the eternal rocks, a source of little visable light but neccessary qualities for the rock:neccessary anf eternal -Catherine´s love for Linton is compared to the foliage in the woods:time will change it, as winter changes the trees. The day after Linton´s funeral, 18 years since Catherine´s death. -Heathcliff bribed the sexton to pull Linton´s corpse away when Heathcliff is laid there and slide his corpse out too. - Seeing Catherine again gave him some ease - On the evening Catherine was burried Heathcliff went to the churchyard and began to dig up her grave and he scraped her coffin but the spirit of Catherine stopped him - Catherine´s spirit led Heathcliff home - Heathcliff didn´t see Catherine but he felt her presence but he was sure that he should see her - Heathcliff thought that he would meet Catherine when he was sat in the house with Hareton, when he walked on the moors he should meet her coming in, when he was walking home he though he must meet her somewhere at the Heights - Catherine had slowly been killing Heathcliff for 18 years with the spectre of a hope.
Earnest Hemingway
american -born in 1899 in chicago -played football and boxed -worked as a junior reporter -during the ww1 he volunteered as an ambulance driver for the red cross, he was sent to the italian front where he was severely wounded. he was treated in a hospital in milan where he fell in love with a nurse , this inspired his novel Farewell to arms -after the war hemingway returned home as a war hero and was decorated for courage, then he returned back to journalism for a canadian newspaper -1 marriage:3sons , married 4 times -the sun also rises -AFTA movie rights were sold for a lot of money -green hills of africa -the snows of kilimanjaro(most famous short story by him) -for whom the bells tolls -was a work correspondent -Old man and the sea(nobel prize) -heavy drinker , physiscal and mental health problems -commited suicide june 2nd 1961 at the age of 61 -one of the greatest american literary icons -as a writer he drew heavily upon his own personal experiences , his characters are often like himself -defeat
Walt Whitman
american -was born in 1819 into a working class family on Long Island, New York -he finsihed his institutional education at the early age of 12 and worked as an office boy, a printer´s apprentice and a wandering school teacher -then he became the editior of two local newspapers and began writing short stories and poetry - his opposition to slavery became an issue of friction with the owners of a newspaper in new orleans and therefore ended his work for them -influenced by the vastness of American nature, the variety of its people and Ralph Waldo Emerson - Leaves of Grass (the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom) (first 12 then 400 poems) -served as a volunteer nurse in military hospitals during the civil war, his experience of the wounded inspired him to write Sequel which included O Captain, my Captain. - in 1873 he suffered a paralysing stroke and continued to add to Leaves of Grass up until his deaath in 1892 -was the first distinctly American voice in poetry style: free of restrictive rules and repression, he used long , loosely rhytmic lines unlike his contemorary poets -man of the common people, avoiding metaphors and similes theme: American landscape and people, openess about sexual matters shocked -half a century before his time -father of American poetry
Emily Dickenson
american -was born in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1830 -her father was a successful lawyer and raised his children according to austere Puritan principles -Emily was witty and sociable in her earlier years but from her mid twenties she began to withdraw from the outside world -by the age of 30 she had been living her life in a total isolation -for over 20 years she never left her fathers house, only wore white and received very few guests -she was reffered as the myth by townspeople - she was an avid reader and exchanged letters with many people - She published some of her 2000 poems but only 7 were published in her lifetime -the civil war 1861-1865 had no impact on her -her sister found her poems after her death and the first volumes of her poetry was published in 1890 and 1891 -love,nature,religion and mortality , her treament on these subjects are highly original, the language is cryptic and dramatic -Early publishers corrected her eccentric punctuation -reveals painful inner struggle that may have been caused by religious doubt -she was considered to be a minor poet but today she is considered to be one of the outstanding poets of the 19th century and a major influence on the poets of the 20th century
O captain! My captain by Walt Whitman victorian age
is about Abraham lincoln and his death - The captain gets shot and dies -the bells i hear and the people are exulting while follow eyes of stable boat rhyming scheme: a-a,b-b, c-d repetition: o captain, my captain fallen cold and dead , for you, hear the bells stock expression: closed and done, safe and sound rhyme:near-hear, trip-ship alliteration: flag is flung? -makes the poet more immediate and dramatic
Lord of the flies 1954 by William Golding The contemporary age
their plane has been show down over the pacific ocean, a group of boys find a refuge on a desert Island. Ralph is the leader and gets mad at Jack for putting the fire down, all the boys except Piggy side with Jack. Simon and piggy get killed and Jack becomes chief -jack does not have regret on putting the fire out, he is happy - he justifies taking the twins on the hunt by saying that otherwise the wouldn´t been enough for a ring -jack is happy bc he killed a pig and says that ralph should have seen the blood -there was a ship there but jack let the fire out, they could have gone home,piggy began to cry -everyone understood the terrible truth that they could have gone home if they hadn´t gone with jack on the hunt - piggy´s crying and the agreement from some of the hunters drove jack to violence - jack hit piggy in the stomach and head, his glasses flew off and made a light ringing sound, that made piggy cry out in terror -simon finds the glasses for him -piggy only got one eye bc his glasses broke on one side and therefore he can only see with one eye - the boys didn´t want to listen to piggy -zup sound: someone throwing stones -ralph could not make himself heard bc jack was shouting -piggy is killed by a rock who is thrown at him -jack didn´t feel bad that piggy was dead, he said this is what you would get and that he was the chief - the conch(magic shell) is symbol of civilization and order, only the person who holds i is allowed to speak -the group is reffered as a tribe which implies that is barbaric
