Physics Exam Review
An absolute temperature of 110 K is the same as what Celsius temperature?
-163 degrees Celsius (110-273=-163)
The unit for unit of specific heat is _______.
J/kg * K
Which of the following is a unit of work?
Joule
Which scientist accurately determines the speed of light and won a Nobel Prize for the work?
Michelson
Mix some 70 degree water and some 40 degree water and you'll get water at ________.
a temperature depending on the masses (or volumes) of the water
A primary pigment and its complement _______.
absorb all light
Which wave is the shortest in the electromagnetic spectrum?
gamma rays
When a club hits a golf ball, the change in velocity of the ball is _____ that of the club.
greater than
If the momentum of an object changes and its mass remains constant, ______.
its velocity is changing, it is accelerating, and there is a force acting on it (all of the above)
The rate at which light energy is given off is luminous flux measured in _____.
lumen
An object that emits radiation is ________.
luminous
The temperature of a system ______ when heat energy is added.
may change phases
What is not an external force?
molecular force
Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of ________.
more entropy
Skelly the skater traveling at high speed needs a certain amount of force to stop. More stopping force will be needed if he has _______.
more mass, more momentum, and/or less distance in which to stop (all of the above)
The main problem with the Electromagnetic Theory of Light is _________.
photoelectric theory
When you throw a ball into the air, the total energy of the ball at any point in its flight can be expressed as kinetic ___ potential energy.
plus
What produces 3-D vision?
polarization
Work is not done when you _______.
support the box on your shoulder
When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in its _________.
temperature AND internal energy
The lowest possible temperature in nature is _________.
-273 degrees Celsius
How much heat must be removed from 0.15 kg of water to cool it from 95 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius? The specific heat capacity of water is 4182 K/kg * K.
-44000J (Q=m*c*triangle T Q= (.15)(4182)(25-95))
A person prevents a 7500 N car with its brakes released from rolling down the hill by pushing with a force of 250 N. How much work has the person done?
0 J
The kinetic energy of an object weighing 50 N perched on the edge of a cliff 25 m high is _____.
0 J
A baseball of mass 0.14 kg is thrown at a velocity of 40 m/s. Its kinetic energy is ___.
110 J (.5*.14*40)
The gravitational potential energy of an object weighing 450 N located 3 m above the ground is _____.
1350 J (450*3=1350)
The temperature of a 2kg metal block rises by 10 degrees Celsius when 8000 J is supplied to it. What is the specific heat of the metal?
400 J/kg degrees Celsius (Q=m*c*triangle T 8000=(2)(10)(c))
Covert 173 degrees Celsius to kelvins.
446 K (173+273=446)
Mix a liter of 70 degree water with 2 liters of 40 degree water and you'll have 3 liters of water at _______.
50 degrees (70+40+40=150/3=50)
If 1375 J of work is done on a mass of 20 kg, it can be raised _______.
7 m (1375=20*9.8*d 7=d)
Glass is transparent to visible light, but not to ______.
BOTH ultraviolet AND infrared light
Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?
Celsius
Impulse can be represented by _________.
F*t
The unit for Kelvin is _____.
K
The unit for heat is _____.
Q
Who first determined the speed of light?
Roemer
The unit for entropy is _____.
S
What is true of blackbody radiation?
Stars are good examples of blackbody radiation.
The greatest change in momentum will be produced by __________.
a large force acting over a long time
The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has ________.
a low specific heat capacity
Light exhibits ______.
additive properties
In a gas kept at constant temperature, all molecules move with _____ speed.
average
Temperature is related to the _________.
average molecular kinetic energy in a substance
If a red book is viewed in blue light, it would appear ____.
black
Getting burned by a hot stove is _______.
conduction
Weather patterns are ______.
convection
The pigments required for printing full color pictures are ___________.
cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
Holograms on a credit card are a result of _________.
diffraction
Any object that has energy has the ability to ______.
do work
An internal force _______ the total momentum of the system.
does not change
What is light?
dual nature
Heat is the ________.
energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference
Two moving objects collide and move apart on paths that are 120 degrees apart. The total momentum of the objects after the collision is ________ the total momentum before the collision.
equal to
When a golfer hits a golf ball, the change in momentum of a golf ball is _____ the change in momentum of the club.
equal to
When a golfer hits a golf ball, the force exerted by the ball on the club is ____ that exerted by the club on the ball.
equal to
A moving freight car runs into an identical car at rest on the track. The cars couple together. Compared to the velocity of the first car, the velocity of the combined cars after collision is _______.
half as large
Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules would have ________.
high specific heat capacities
The momentum change of an object is equal to the _____.
impulse acting on it
According to Julius Sumner Miller, the two basic types of machines are _________.
inclined plane and lever
As a system becomes more disordered, entropy _______.
increases
The color voted out of the spectrum is _____.
indigo
Which is not a unit of power?
kilowatt hour
A hot object has more thermal energy than a similar cold object only because of greater _____ & _____ energy.
kinetic & potential
An object has energy caused by its motion. This is ______.
kinetic energy
Compared to the average speed of light in air, the average speed of light in water is ______.
less
If an object with a velocity of 50 m/s has the same momentum as that of a 10 kg mass having a velocity of 20 m/s, the mass of the object is _______.
less than 10 kg
If an object moving at 20 m/s collides with a stationary object and the two objects move away together, the velocity of the combined objects will be _______.
less than 20 m/s
Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy _______.
needed to change the temperature of one gram of substance one degree
A system is said to be closed if _________.
no net external force acts on it
Getting a sunburn is ______.
radiation
Heat travels from the Sun to the Earth by ______.
radiation
Which color of light has the longest wavelength?
red
The total amount of energy in an isolated, closed system ____.
remains constant
The reason the sky is blue is that air molecules _______.
scatter blue light
Entropy is closely related to the ________.
second law of thermodynamics
What is not needed to find the kinetic energy of an object?
shape
What is not an electromagnetic wave?
sound
Which property of light causes shadows?
straight line propagation
Entropy measures ________.
temperature as volume increases and messiness
The reason that solar eclipses are seen less commonly than lunar eclipses is that _________.
the Earth's shadow on the moon is larger than the moon's shadow on the Earth
Which has more momentum, a large truck moving at 30 mph or a small truck moving at 30 mph?
the large truck
Albert Einstein earned a Nobel Prize in physics for studying __________.
the photoelectric effect
A ping-pong ball gun is fired. Compared to the impulse on the ball, the amount of impulse on the gun is ______.
the same
The entropy of a system measures __________.
the state of disorder of the system
If no net force acts on a body, __________.
the velocity of the body is constant
A lamp shade is considered to be _________.
translucent
Electromagnetic waves are ______ waves.
transverse
The unit for energy change is _____.
triangle E
The unit for temperature change is _____.
triangle T
Compared to a sports car moving at 30 mph, the same sports car moving at 60 mph has _______.
twice the momentum
The medium through which light will travel but not sound is ______.
vacuum
Momentum can be calculated by multiplying mass by ____.
velocity
Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or sand?
water
The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one season to the next is that __________.
water has a specific heat capacity
What determines the color of light?
wavelength
Electric bills are paid on the basis of the kilowatt-hours of electricity used. The kilowatt-hour is a unit of _____.
work
The temperature of a bottle containing water rises when it is shaken vigorously since ______.
work is done
When red and green light shine on a white paper, the resulting color is ______.
yellow
The human eye is most sensitive to _________.
yellow-green
If two polarized filters are held with their axes at right angles to each other, the amount of light transmitted is ________.
zero
