ENTMLGY 5609 Final

Non-target insecticide studies in turf have found that arthropod populations are often in this magnitude: 20 to 50 thousand arthropods per meter. 50-100 arthropods per meter about 5,000 per meter more than a million per meter!

20 to 50 thousand arthropods per meter.

The arachnid order ESTIMATED/PREDICTED to be the largest is the: Acarina (mites and ticks) Araneida (spiders) Scorpionida (scorpions) Opiliones (harvestmen - daddy-long-legs)

Acarina (mites and ticks)

An ornamental plant given lots of fertilizer: Tends to make fewer protective chemicals. Can actually cause pests to grow more rapidly. Usually makes more leaves than roots. All of these!

All of these!

Chilopods: Are fierce predators. All of these! Have only one pair of legs per trunk segment. Have the first pair of legs modified into fangs.

All of these!

The biggest difference between an insect nymph and larva is that the larva: Usually lives in a different habitat than the adult. Doesn't look like the adult. Usually eats different foods than the adult. All of these!

All of these!

The landscape maintenance industry in the United States: Is mainly run by small, local businesses. Has a high economic value, even higher than most field crops. All of these! Employs over a million workers.

All of these!

The typical arthropod circulatory system has: An open haemocoel (i.e., no arteries, capillaries and veins) A dorsal pumping vessel All of these! Blood cells, but not red blood cells.

All of these!

Ticks: Take blood from host animals. Are also mites. Have a non-segmented abdomen. All of these!

All of these!

An easy field feature that helps identify mandibulates is: Five pairs of legs. Antennae, one or two pair. Compound eyes. Tagmata arrangement.

Antennae, one or two pair.

Most borers attack plants that: Are in poor health or have damage. Are grafted stock. Naturally grow slowly. Have been over fertilized.

Are in poor health or have damage.

Because of their mouthparts, chelicerates: Have to live in humid environments. Can only eat solid foods. Are all terrestrial. Can only ingest soft foods or liquids.

Can only ingest soft foods or liquids.

The main difference between a sowbug and a pillbug is that pillbugs: Are able to respire using trachea. Have no obvious antennae. Have elongate cerci. Can roll the body into a ball.

Can roll the body into a ball.

Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. This also makes them dangerous to humans because: They inhibit nerve transmission and we go into a coma if exposed. We use an alalog of acetylcholine esterase in our nerve synapses. Correct Answer We also use acetylcholine esterase. They are easily absorbed through our skin.

Correct Answer We also use acetylcholine esterase.

A recent wind storm caused a big maple tree to get blown over. It was apparent that the big roots of this tree had considerable rot in them, but some really big, fat, "worm like" larvae were also found. They were kind of strange in that the "worms" didn't have legs or prolegs. These were most likely: Correct One of the Prionid beetle larvae. Green June beetle grubs. Maple clearwing larvae. Carpenterworm larvae.

Correct One of the Prionid beetle larvae.

Using the average degree-day method, how many degree-day units were accumulated when the daytime temperature had a high of 80 degrees, a night-time temperature of 60 degrees and the lower threshold is 50 degrees? 30 90 Correct! 20 70

Correct! 20

The vast majority of foliage-eating caterpillars have how many pairs of prolegs? 7-9 3 2 Correct! 5

Correct! 5

Walk-behind, wheeled, rotary spreaders are mainly used for turf maintenance. In flower beds, a better granule applicator would be: Shaker jar. Granule mist blower. Hand tossing. Correct! A "belly grinder."

Correct! A "belly grinder."

A friend sent this image of a strange gall on a red oak branch. She said that her car kept getting all this sticky sap on it when she parked under the tree and these galls must be doing it! What are these? Correct! A Kermes scale of some sort. Bullet galls. Red oak grape galls. Oak felt scale.

Correct! A Kermes scale of some sort.

According to your instructor, one of the easiest and effective ways to apply root-absorbed, translocated systemic insecticides is to use: Correct! A basal drench simply using a bucket of the insecticide mix! Fill one of those trickle watering bags with the insecticide mix and attach it to the side of a tree. Trunk sprays. A soil injector applying injections about 12-inches away from the trunk and spaced about 6-inches apart.

Correct! A basal drench simply using a bucket of the insecticide mix!

Flea larvae need this in order to pupate: A high carbohydrate diet. Correct! A blood meal. Some of their host's feces. They need to eat a flea egg.

Correct! A blood meal.

What kind of insect is this? Leaf beetle larvae - Coleoptera A sawfly - Hymenoptera Correct! A caterpillar - Lepidoptera A oak maggot larva - Diptera

Correct! A caterpillar - Lepidoptera

Our current understanding as to how "hopperburn" occurs, it is: Mainly a salivary toxin. Correct! A combination of leafhopper salivary secretions and the physical action of stylet penetration. A virus that only locally infects vascular bundle nurse cells. Mainly thick salivary secretions used to clog phloem bundles.

Correct! A combination of leafhopper salivary secretions and the physical action of stylet penetration.

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) of honey bees is currently thought to be primarily caused by: Correct! A complex set of diseases, pest control chemicals, poor care and habitat diversity. Neonicotinoid insecticides. Migratory bee keepers who are "abusing" their colonies. Nosema disease.

Correct! A complex set of diseases, pest control chemicals, poor care and habitat diversity.

Callery pear flowers have a rather foul fragrance. Their most likely pollinator is: Solitary "trash" bees. Honey bees (because what we smell isn't what the bees smell!). Correct! A fly or beetle. Native carpenter bees.

Correct! A fly or beetle.

Ambrosia beetle larvae eat: Phloem and cambium tissues. Correct! A fungus cultivated by their mother in the burrow. Xylem tissues. Bacterial "ambrosia" that grows on the sap exuded into their chamber.

Correct! A fungus cultivated by their mother in the burrow.

Ambrosia beetles are borers that bore into the xylem where they lay eggs. Their larvae eat: The starches and resins embedded in the xylem fibers. Frass pellets left behing by the female. Chewed tissues made by the female. Correct! A fungus that grows in the burrow.

Correct! A fungus that grows in the burrow.

The larch casebearer makes its case using: A silk bag covered with pieces of larch needles. Larch seed cone flakes. Larch bud caps. Correct! A hollowed out larch needle tip.

Correct! A hollowed out larch needle tip.

From this image alone, what type of nest maker is this pest? Correct! A leafroller. A leaftier. A sawfly. A webworm.

Correct! A leafroller.

A growing degree-day is: The amount of energy needed to heat your home. The time that a plant, animal or fungus begins to grow. Correct! A measure of heat-driven physiological development. The amount a plant grows every day.

Correct! A measure of heat-driven physiological development.

When searching for a snail and slug bait, you are technically looking for: A pesticide that you need a special license for. Correct! A molluscicide. A growth regulator. All of these.

Correct! A molluscicide.

In true bugs, the labium part of the piercing-sucking mouthparts acts as: The salivary canal. The food canal. Correct! A sheath to surround the stylets. Piercing stylets.

Correct! A sheath to surround the stylets.

What would be the best identification of this "bug?" Fulgorid. A bug-like Auchenorrhyncha Correct! A true bug, Heteroptera. A bug-like Sternorrhyncha

Correct! A true bug, Heteroptera.

What are these? Tortoise scale and nymphs. Fig wax scales. Correct! A wax scale and settled crawlers. White terrapin scales.

Correct! A wax scale and settled crawlers.

These larvae were found on a cherry branch and they had eight pairs of prolegs! What do you suspect that they could be? Fall webworms. Striped webworms. Correct! A webbing sawfly. Black cherry leaftier.

Correct! A webbing sawfly.

When you encounter irregularly notched leaves on a tree or shrub, the most likely pest will be: Correct! A weevil adult. A leaf beetle adult. A sawfly. A caterpillar.

Correct! A weevil adult.

The eastern juniper bark beetle rarely causes much damage, even when red cedar and eastern white cedar are under stress, but these beetles can often cause tree death by: Accidentailly introducing Cytospora spores. Transmitting blue stain bacterial that clog the phloem. Having overlapping larval burrows. Correct! Accidentally introducing a fungus disease in their nuptual chambers.

Correct! Accidentally introducing a fungus disease in their nuptual chambers.

Virtually all systemic insecticides that are capable of translocation have this subtype translocation: Correct! Acropetal. Phloemal. Translaminar. Basipetal.

Correct! Acropetal.

Pales weevil larvae only attack recently killed pine or spruce, but they can still be a major pest of living conifers because: Correct! Adult maturation feeding can cause branch flagging. The adults accidentailly transmit fungal diseases to healthy trees. The adults are quarantine pests and should not cross state lines. The adults carry a nematode that clogs vascular bundles.

Correct! Adult maturation feeding can cause branch flagging.

The willow and poplar weevil is really difficult to manage because: Larvae only feed in freshly killed branches where there is no vascular flow. Correct! Adults and larvae can be present during the entire season. The larvae feed only in the xylem. The adults are only out during a two week period in the summer.

Correct! Adults and larvae can be present during the entire season.

Black vine weevils commonly overwinter as: Correct! Adults and larvae. Eggs in the soil. Prepupae. Pupae.

Correct! Adults and larvae.

The tarnished plant bug overwinters as: Fourth instar nymphs. Only in southern states as eggs in plant leaves. Eggs in host plant stems. Correct! Adults.

Correct! Adults.

Most "cool-season" spider mites spend the summer as: Correct! Aestivating eggs. Hibernating larvae. Any of the stages hiding in leaf litter. Inactive adults hiding under flaps of bark.

Correct! Aestivating eggs.

A landscape manager mixed up a flowable insecticide in the truck's 100 gallon spray tank. After going to lunch that took 45 minutes, what should she do? Correct! Agitate the tank mix to pick up the settled insecticide particles. Go back to the garage, empty the tank and refill as the pesticide likely was lost in that amount of time. Agitate the mix to re-emulsify the insecticide that floated to the top of the tank. Just drive to the next customer and begin to spray.

Correct! Agitate the tank mix to pick up the settled insecticide particles.

Gypsy moth defoliation is most lethal when this occurs: This may be the second or third year of complete defoliation. Heat and drought conditions are present at the time of defoliation. Correct! All of these together! Older trees are being defoliated.

Correct! All of these together!

Ornamental plants provide this/these lifestyle benefits: Reduces personal stress and calms people. Reduces violence. Correct! All of these! Provides exercise and increases attention.

Correct! All of these!

Root eating pests of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers are difficult to manage because: They are difficult to detect. Correct! All of these! being in the soil, it is difficult to get insecticides to them. Their damage usually shows up as slow growth, then sudden plant death

Correct! All of these!

Spider mites in the landscape can suddenly appear on a plant that has never been infested before! These mites get to the plants by: Hitching a ride on birds. Hitching a ride on flying insects. Ballooning. Correct! All of these!

Correct! All of these!

The pine false webworm: Is a sawfly larva! Correct! All of these! Eats pine needles! Is rarely even noticed!

Correct! All of these!

When trying to identify a skeletonizer when you don't have the insect, you need to know: Is the upper or lower leaf surface skeletonized? The host plant and time of year. How fine is the skeletonization? Correct! All of these!

Correct! All of these!

In general, white grubs in landscapes eat: Plant roots. Soil organic matter. Correct! All of these. Thatch and mulch.

Correct! All of these.

In order to confirm if a borer in a dogwood tree is the dogwood borer or one of the longhorned beetles or other caterpillars, you are able to find a larva and you need to check: Correct! All of these. See if it has spots or other patterns on the abdomen. Check the shape and form of the crochets. To see if it has prolegs or not.

Correct! All of these.

In order to conserve naturally occurring biological control agents in a landscape, the landscape manager should: Learn how to identify the common predators, parasites and insect diseases. Correct! All of these. Avoid spraying broad-spectrum pesticides to the entire landscape. Encourage the client to use nectar-producing flowers.

Correct! All of these.

Most armored scales can be identified by knowing the host plant and the shape, form and location of the: First exuvium Secretionary cover. Correct! All of these. Second exuvium.

Correct! All of these.

Most landscapes already have plenty of pest predators, parasites and diseases. The best way to use these biological controls is to: Only apply pesticides to the plants that need treatments. Provide food and water for predators and parasites. Allow some pests to be present. Correct! All of these.

Correct! All of these.

Periodical cicadas have broods that: Take 17 or 13 years to complete. Emerge somewhere in most years. Consist of several species. Correct! All of these.

Correct! All of these.

Phenological Calendars are useful because: They can accurately predict pest activity in different locations. Plant "events" are easy to observe. Correct! All of these. They don't require keeping growing degree-day records.

Correct! All of these.

Sap suckers: Eat insects attracted to their holes. Correct! All of these. Are protected by law. Often make rows of holes in the bark of trees.

Correct! All of these.

Sexual morphs of most aphids are: The ones that lay eggs on overwintering plants. Correct! All of these. Usually alates. Asexually produced in the fall.

Correct! All of these.

The benefit of mapping a landscape is (are): Helps the manager identify Key Plants that need frequent inspections and treatments. Correct! All of these. Determine if any Key Pests are likely. Help create a management schedule for a season.

Correct! All of these.

The flatheaded appletree borer: Attacks a wide range of deciduous hardwoods. Has a wide, flat prothorax, not a wide, flat head! Correct! All of these. Makes an oval adult emergence hole.

Correct! All of these.

The key to successful armored scale control with "soft" insecticides like horticultural oil is to: Make sure that contact is made with the insects. Correct! All of these. Apply when crawlers have just settled. Spray the plants until they are completely wet with the spray.

Correct! All of these.

The thorn treehopper female: Protects her eggs that are inserted into tree stems. Acts as a decoy to protect her nymphs after they hatch. Produces honeydew. Correct! All of these.

Correct! All of these.

What is usually the main cause(s) for newly established lawns and landscapes to have pest-ridden plants that often fail (i.e., die) or have significant pest problems for the first four to five years? The lanscapes often have inverted soil profiles with no topsoil. The plants and turf were not properly cared for after putting them into the landscape. Correct! All of these. The plants were poor selections and likely came with pests on them.

Correct! All of these.

When a home constantly gets ground beetles, millipedes and spiders coming inside, this indicates: It is probably getting hot and dry outside. Door seals and basement window frames have gaps in them. Correct! All of these. The habitat around the home is providing food.

Correct! All of these.

When a bunch of landscape plants have their leaves displaying small, irregular notches, the most likely pest is the: Rough strawberry root weevil. Strawberry root weevil. Black vine weevil. Correct! All or any of these.

Correct! All or any of these.

What kind of borer caused this? Clearwing borer. Correct! Ambrosia beetle. Bark beetle. Leopard moth.

Correct! Ambrosia beetle.

Which of the following borers usually has two generations per season? Eastern pine shoot borer. Zimmerman pine moth. Correct! American plum borer. European pine shoot moth.

Correct! American plum borer.

The maple shoot borer caterpillar overwinters as: Eggs attached to shoots. A second instar larva that has burrowed into a bud. Correct! An adult. A nearly mature larva.

Correct! An adult.

Where do the male and female jumping gall wasps come from? From galls located on the stems. Correct! An asexually produce generation located on early season oak leaves. They have overwintered from the previous season in leaf litter. Their alternate host, grass root galls.

Correct! An asexually produce generation located on early season oak leaves.

Many small, active insect and mite pests of urban landscapes are difficult to identify in the field. The best way to collect these to take them back to be inspected under a microscope is to use: An insect net. Correct! An aspirator. Your hands. Sticky tape.

Correct! An aspirator.

What common name would be more appropriate for spittlebugs? Honker-bugs. Correct! Anal-bubblebugs! Tar-bugs Honeydew bugs.

Correct! Anal-bubblebugs!

In most cases, the thing that inhibits natural controls of aphids is(are): The aphid honeydew makes things too sticky for natural controls to function well. The aphids constantly moving from one plant to another. Correct! Ants. Excessive pesticide use.

Correct! Ants.

Which of the following would NOT produce a tarspot as its excrement? Plant bug. Lace bug. Oak spider mite. Correct! Aphid.

Correct! Aphid.

Certified organic means that a pesticide is: Correct! Approved, and has the OMRI certification. All of these. Derived from biological organisms. Has a "practically non-toxic" designation by EPA.

Correct! Approved, and has the OMRI certification.

Sooty mold: All of these. Infects leaf epidermis. Can kill leaves that it coats. Correct! Are fungi that feed on sugars on sufaces.

Correct! Are fungi that feed on sugars on sufaces.

The western conifer seed bug and brown marmorated stink bugs are similar in that they: Both produce copious honeydew. Can bite humans. Cause speckles to form on plant foliage. Correct! Are nuisance home invaders.

Correct! Are nuisance home invaders.

Many of the tussock moth larvae have stinging hairs, and the adult females are unusual because most: Also have stinging hairs. Correct! Are wingless moths! Migrate for miles before laying eggs. Continue to produce silk.

Correct! Are wingless moths!

The aster leafhopper overwinters: As eggs inserted into the stems of perennials. Correct! As eggs inserted into grasses in southern states. As adults in forest leaf litter (which allows them to maintain aster yellow pathogens!). Adults living in Mexico that ride jet steams north in the spring.

Correct! As eggs inserted into grasses in southern states.

How would you best describe the pest figured below. It is two aspen leaves stuck together with silk. Aspen skeletonizer. Correct! Aspen leaftier. Aspen webworm. Aspen leafroller.

Correct! Aspen leaftier.

When were the first synthetic organic insecticides discovered? Correct! At the end of World War II. When microbial diseases were discovered in the 1920s. During World War I. After the Korean War.

Correct! At the end of World War II.

Bagworms often show up on a plant that wasn't previously infested. They usually do this by: Early instar larvae hitching a ride on bird feet. Correct! Ballooning first instar larvae. Mature larvae walking to new plants after defoliating an original plant. Females laying eggs on new plants.

Correct! Ballooning first instar larvae.

Gypsy moth is an introduced pest that has spread over much of northeastern North America. The primary method of spread is: Correct! Ballooning of the early instar larvae. Local storms picking up the adults and blowing them some distance away. Egg masses attached to trucks and trailers. Females flying considerable distances.

Correct! Ballooning of the early instar larvae.

What is the best method for sampling for spruce spider mites? Measuring the amount of bronzing observed. Correct! Bang board and streak test. Inspecting needles with a hand lens. Yellow sticky card.

Correct! Bang board and streak test.

Which of the following aphids doesn't undergo the typical alternation of spring to summer hosts? Woolly apple aphid. Green peach aphid. Correct! Beech blight aphid. Black bean aphid.

Correct! Beech blight aphid.

Using the phenological calendar developed by Dr. Dan Herms, the time that pine needle scale eggs would hatch and crawlers would be active is: Correct! Between common lilac first bloom and Vanhoutte spirea first bloom Unknown, as this scale was not on his list! Between the time that black locust begins to bloom and mountain-laurel first bloom. When black cherry is in full bloom

Correct! Between common lilac first bloom and Vanhoutte spirea first bloom

How would you characterize the mine figured below? Serpentine. Comma. Correct! Blotch. Stellate.

Correct! Blotch.

Round-headed borers that attack living trees generally: Often girdle their host trees in the second year. Make D-shaped emergence holes. Transmit a fungal or bacterial disease. Correct! Bore in the xylem and cause structural damage.

Correct! Bore in the xylem and cause structural damage.

Occasionally, the honey locust plant bugs will defoliate their host trees in the spring. This can often lead to what problem? Honey locust yellows. Formation of witches-brooms - bushy growth. Sudden death of small branches. Correct! Borer and canker disease attack.

Correct! Borer and canker disease attack.

A landscape manager had a customer that had several dwarf Alberta spruces that kept loosing needles in July. The manager treated the trees in July and again in August for two years in a row for spider mites, yet the trees kept getting worse. His mistake was: Lack of good coverage of these dense trees. Using the wrong pesticide. The most likely pest was the spruce rust mite that isn't affected by miticides. Correct! Both spruce rust mites and spruce spider mites are cool-season mites!

Correct! Both spruce rust mites and spruce spider mites are cool-season mites!

Both broad mite and cyclamen mite damage is usually mistaken as: Bacterial wilt. Correct! Botrytus fungus. Rust mite activity. Twospotted spider mite activity.

Correct! Botrytus fungus.

The rose scale is also common on: Any plant in the Rosaceae family. Blueberry. Euonymus. Correct! Brambles - blackberry and raspberry.

Correct! Brambles - blackberry and raspberry.

Cytospora canker infections in large conifers often cause dripping pitch masses to form on the bark of infected trees. To determine if pitch nodules are possibly a caterpillar borer and not this disease, you would look for: A white caterpillar under the pitch mass. Correct! Brown inclusions in the pitch. A pink to purple caterpillar under the pitch mass. What? You can't tell if the pitch mass is from a disease or caterpillar, just by looking at it!

Correct! Brown inclusions in the pitch.

Iris borers are first detected by looking for: Frass pellets arising from a hole in the stem. Correct! Brown streaks in leaf folds. Flower stalks suddenly wilting. Sap flow arising from a hole in the stem.

Correct! Brown streaks in leaf folds.

Most butterfly enthusiasts talk about the monarch butterfly as being the major migratory species. Another common migratory species that feeds on common plantain is the: Blue hairstreak. Correct! Buckeye butterfly. Tiger swallowtail. Mourning cloak butterfly.

Correct! Buckeye butterfly.

This white grub was found in the mulch around a bunch of perennial flowers. It had a really unusual behavior! It crawls on its back. What grub is this likely to be? Correct! Bumbling flower beetle grub. Oriental beetle grub. Japanese beetle grub. Upside-down grub.

Correct! Bumbling flower beetle grub.

How are the three Hemiptera suborders primarily characterized: By molecular-genetic features. Correct! By the location of their mouthpart attachment to the head. By the wing venation. By their life cycles and foods.

Correct! By the location of their mouthpart attachment to the head.

Which of the following images has a lace bug nymph? A B D Correct! C

Correct! C

The multiple psyllids that attack hackberry trees: Have very different life cycles. Correct! Cause aesthetic but insignificant damage. Slow the growth of the trees. All of these.

Correct! Cause aesthetic but insignificant damage.

Borers that feed in the xylem generally pose this risk to the plant: Suddenly girdle and kill the plant. Correct! Cause structural damage so the plant will break. Transmit vascular diseases. Block water transport.

Correct! Cause structural damage so the plant will break.

The most recent invasive thrips species (detected in Florida in 2005) that has the potential to damage landscape, field crop and vegetable plants across North America is the: Correct! Chilli thrips. Redbanded thrips. Garlic thrips. Leaf-gall thrips.

Correct! Chilli thrips.

It appears that the periodical cicadas' primary survival strategy is to: Have females scatter their eggs over a wide territory. All of these. Use black and orange as alarm colors. Correct! Completely overwhelm predators through mass emergences.

Correct! Completely overwhelm predators through mass emergences.

When we say that "IPM is a Process," the process is: Rotating between cultural, biological and chemical controls. Making regular insecticide and miticide applications on regular intervals. Visiting the lanscape every three weeks to sample for pests. Correct! Constantly making decisions based on pest monitoring.

Correct! Constantly making decisions based on pest monitoring.

Carbaryl insecticide will quickly kill an insect when a droplet of the spray mix lands on the insect's body. It will also kill insects a few days later if they eat some leaf tissues onto which the insecticide was sprayed. The "mode of transmission" (how the insecticide affected the pest) is called: Correct! Contact and stomach. Stomach and inhalation. Acute and delayed. Systemic and stomach.

Correct! Contact and stomach.

Which of the following adelgids usually alternates between two hosts in North America? Eastern spruce gall adelgid. Correct! Cooley spruce gall adelgid. Pine bark adelgid. Hemlock woolly adelgid.

Correct! Cooley spruce gall adelgid.

The one structure that should tell you that an insect is an aphid is: Antennae. Wing veins. Correct! Cornicles. Oval body

Correct! Cornicles.

A friend in southern California called to complain about these strange mealybugs he had found on his lemon tree! They were fairly large, made a lot of honeydew and they had these strange white masses trailing behind them and each white mass had distinctive lines in it! From this description, the pest is most likely the: Citrus mealybug. Cottony citrus scale. Felt scale. Correct! Cottony cushion scale.

Correct! Cottony cushion scale.

This large soft scale was found on a red maple leaf. It has obvious ovisacs. This scale is most likely the: Cottony cushion scale. Maple mealybug. Correct! Cottony maple leaf scale. Cottony maple scale.

Correct! Cottony maple leaf scale.

Magnolia scales are often poorly controlled when insecticides are used in May through June. The reason for this is: Females have stopped feeding at that time. The females have already laid eggs but the eggs haven't hatched. The exoskeleton is too thick for the pesticide to penetrate. Correct! Crawlers emerge in August and September.

Correct! Crawlers emerge in August and September.

The elongate hemlock scale is especially difficult to control with insecticides because: The second instar nymphs and adults have extra thick tests. Crawlers emerge in May and again in September. Hemlock needles are hydrophobic so getting the insecticides to stick is difficult. Correct! Crawlers emerge over a long period of time.

Correct! Crawlers emerge over a long period of time.

Obscure scale are especially difficult to control, even when sprays are applied when crawlers are active. This is because: Crawlers settle on leaves, then move back to branches. Crawlers emerge over a two month period. Correct! Crawlers often settle under the old scale shells. This scale has natural resistance to insecticides.

Correct! Crawlers often settle under the old scale shells.

If you have a caterpillar on a branch and you quickly pull it off, you can easily damage the prolegs! This is because caterpillars have: More than five pairs of prolegs. Glands that produce a type of glue on the ends of the prolegs. Correct! Crochets or proleg hooks. Really soft proleg exoskeleton.

Correct! Crochets or proleg hooks.

This viburnum was found with a bunch of its leaves looking like these. What would be the correct name for this kind of damage? Shotholes. Notching. Correct! Crude skeletonization. Fine skeletonization.

Correct! Crude skeletonization.

The white pine weevil female has a unique way of ensuring success of her larvae. She: Correct! Cuts off the vascular system of the leader! Introduces a vascular-clogging fungus into the leader the fall before egg laying. Girdles the tip of a leader before inserting eggs. Follows a male around and inserts eggs into his feeding holes.

Correct! Cuts off the vascular system of the leader!

The most obvious symptom that defines an Agrilis borer is: Brightly colored, iridescent beetles. Correct! D-shaped emergence holes. Sap flow with frass pellets included. Sudden death of tree tops.

Correct! D-shaped emergence holes.

Around the world, the major impact of the grape phylloxeran is: Damage to grape leaves. Formation of sooty mold on developing grapes. Correct! Damage to grape roots. Transmission of a wilt disease.

Correct! Damage to grape roots.

A foliage-eating pest that eats the entire leaves off of a branch or plant is called a: Correct! Defoliator. Sketonizer. Critical Pest. Key Pest.

Correct! Defoliator.

A plant seemed to have to mites on it. One was a dark green color and moved very slowly, but the other one was orange and moved rapidly. The landscape manager should: Use a combination insecticide and miticide as the orange "mite" is likely one of the species that is only suscptible to insecticides. Use a broad-spectrum miticide as soon as possible. Correct! Delay treatments to see if the orange mites eat the green mites. Introduce mite predators

Correct! Delay treatments to see if the orange mites eat the green mites.

In general, pheromone traps that use the various sex pheromones of landscape plant pests are useful for: Eliminating the males, thus disrupting mating success. Lowering the pest populations. Correct! Detecting pest activity periods. Determining type of insecticide that will be needed.

Correct! Detecting pest activity periods.

Many eriophyid mites overwinter as female: Stem mothers. Heterogynes. Protogynes. Correct! Deutogynes.

Correct! Deutogynes.

Maple erineum mites, beech erineum mites, and maple bladdergall and spindlegall mites overwinter as: Eggs. Correct! Deutogynes. Protogynes. Protonymphs.

Correct! Deutogynes.

Which of the following is NOT a biological control of insects? Aphid wasp. Correct! Dipel, the Bacillus thuringiensis pesticide. Beauveria fungus. Lady beetle larva.

Correct! Dipel, the Bacillus thuringiensis pesticide.

The woolly apple aphid causes most of its damage by: Causing elm leaves to curl. Transmitting virus disease among apples. Twisting new growth each summer. Correct! Distorting roots.

Correct! Distorting roots.

In order to prevent getting Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or Lyme disease, you should: Apply DEET every three hours when you are in tick territory. Correct! Do not let a tick attach for more than 24 hours. Wear clothing that has been soaked in permethrin. Get one of the new vaccinations for these bacterial diseases.

Correct! Do not let a tick attach for more than 24 hours.

Which of the following clearwing borers prefers to feed in the phloem and cambium zone? Correct! Dogwood borer. Banded ash clearwing. Western poplar clearwing. Oak clearwing.

Correct! Dogwood borer.

The main reason why professional landscape managers are using fewer mist blowers and tall tree sprayers is: Potential for spills. Applicator safety. They are really expensive pieces of equipment. Correct! Drift.

Correct! Drift.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom that a purple-leaf plum has peach tree borers? Pupal cases protruding from the bark at the soil level in late May. Jelly-like goo with frass pellets at root flair. Correct! Dry sawdust coming from holes in the trunk. Soil around base of tree is darkened.

Correct! Dry sawdust coming from holes in the trunk.

A homeowner called in to complain that she had two kinds of caterpillars on her crabapple tree. There were some smaller ones that were orange with white stripes and some larger ones that were black with white stripes. These two caterpillars are most likely: Not to be identified. One has to actually see the caterpillars. The striped appleworm (a caterpillar) and striped sawfly larvae. Orange tussock moth and black dagger moth larvae. Correct! Early and late instar yellownecked caterpillars.

Correct! Early and late instar yellownecked caterpillars.

The main food of moles is: White grubs. Any insect that they can find. Correct! Earthworms. Plant roots.

Correct! Earthworms.

The main food of terrestrial flatworms is: Correct! Earthworms. Springtails. Anything they can subdue! Snail eggs.

Correct! Earthworms.

Iris borers kill iris by: Hollowing out the stems. Correct! Eating the rhizomes. Eating the phloem zone of the stems. Vectoring bacteria.

Correct! Eating the rhizomes.

Poplar petiole gall aphids overwinter as: Progrediens on poplar roots. Partially mature female aphids located at leaf buds. Correct! Eggs attached to poplar trees. Sexuals on the roots of cabbage plants.

Correct! Eggs attached to poplar trees.

Most aphid species overwinter as: Nymphs. Eggs attached to herbaceous perennials. Correct! Eggs attached to woody perennial plants. Eggs attached to grasses.

Correct! Eggs attached to woody perennial plants.

The white apple leafhopper overwinters as: Adults in leaf litter. Eggs inserted into leaf veins of fallen leaves. Correct! Eggs inserted into bark tissues. Adults in southern states that fly north in the spring.

Correct! Eggs inserted into bark tissues.

The fourlined plant bug overwinters as: Fourth instar nymphs. Adults. Eggs scattered in leaf litter. Correct! Eggs inserted into host plant stems.

Correct! Eggs inserted into host plant stems.

Removing bagworm bags in the fall and destroying them kills what stage? Prepupae. Correct! Eggs. Pupae. Larvae.

Correct! Eggs.

Bark beetles are also called: Ambrosia beetles. Cambium miners. Correct! Engraver beetles. Conifer shoot borers.

Correct! Engraver beetles.

Many IPM scientists are recommending only using native plants in our urban landscapes. You professor for this course recommends using this kind of plant instead. Pest free. Correct! Environmentally adapted. Agressive. Dwarf.

Correct! Environmentally adapted.

Asian ambrosia beetle traps are baited with: A blend of sex pheromones. Correct! Ethyl alcohol. Terpentine. Phenol oil.

Correct! Ethyl alcohol.

The leopard moth is a native of: Africa. North America. Correct! Europe and northern Africa. China.

Correct! Europe and northern Africa.

The rugose spiraling whitefly is so named because: The body of the adult whiteflies have bumps all over the exoskeleton. Correct! Females lay eggs in a spiral pattern. Adults twirl around when disturbed. The crawlers tend to line up in a spiral to feed side-by-side.

Correct! Females lay eggs in a spiral pattern.

Mimosa webworm infestations seem to keep getting worse on certain honeylocust trees. The most likely reason for this is: Correct! Females perfer to lay eggs on old mimosa webworm silk. Trees near buildings are generally infested more because of the warmth. Yellow-leafed cultivars are preferred. Certain trees are in poor health.

Correct! Females perfer to lay eggs on old mimosa webworm silk.

Which of the following thrips does NOT insert its eggs into leaf tissues? Western flower thrips. Redbanded thrips. Correct! Ficus leaf-gall thrips. Privet thrips.

Correct! Ficus leaf-gall thrips.

The hackberry nipplegall psyllid stage that initiates the gall is the: Correct! First instar nymph. Egg inserted into tissues. Feeding female. Egg-laying female.

Correct! First instar nymph.

Which of the following groups would NOT be a common skeletonizer? Leaf beetle larvae. Japanese beetle adults. Young, gregarious caterpillars. Correct! Flea beetles.

Correct! Flea beetles.

The Cuban laurel thrips protects its eggs and young by: Adults attack and bite predators. Spinning silk over the foliage. Attracting ants. Correct! Folding over fig leaves.

Correct! Folding over fig leaves.

In order to ship pine logs with bark from Ohio to Georgia, you must: Get permission from the Ohio Department of Forestry. Only ship from December to March when the pine shoot beetle is dormant. Correct! Follow the USDA-APHIS control procedures or have the logs inspected and certified. Debark the logs!

Correct! Follow the USDA-APHIS control procedures or have the logs inspected and certified.

The greatest damage done by the balsam woolly adelgid is: Correct! Formation of brittle wood in the branches. Early needle drop. Transmission of a virus disease. Bud dieback.

Correct! Formation of brittle wood in the branches.

The pine shoot beetle is actually a bark beetle that has larvae that feed in: Drought stressed, but living pines. Correct! Freshly killed pine stumps or logs. Pine and spruce leaders. Pencil-sized pine shoots.

Correct! Freshly killed pine stumps or logs.

Lace bugs, especially the oak lace bug, seem to do best in hot and dry weather. During humid and hot conditions, their populations often collapse. This is most likely due to: Bacterial diseases. Correct! Fungal pathogens. Parasitic wasps are more active. Predatory bugs are more active

Correct! Fungal pathogens.

Which of the following plant diseases NOT regularly vectored by hemipterans? Viral. Mycoplasma-like. Correct! Fungal. Bacterial.

Correct! Fungal.

A home gardener sent in an image of some daisy leaves that had suspicious, circular dead spots on them. She stated that there were these "little black beetles" that quickly jumped when she got close to the plants, so she didn't have a picture of them. Upon looking at the image, you seem some tiny, shiny black spots scattered around the circular dead spots. From this description the most likely pest would be: Spinach flea beetle. Cabbage flea beetle. Tarnished plant bug. Correct! Garden fleahopper.

Correct! Garden fleahopper.

Weevil and caterpillar leaf notchers are: Easily found during the day on their host plants. Considered to be Key Pests that usually warrant control. Correct! Generally aesthetic pests, at least in their notching stages. Commonly found on almost all ornamental plants.

Correct! Generally aesthetic pests, at least in their notching stages.

The function of a tree's cambium is: Transport water. Transport nutrients. Form bark. Correct! Generate new phloem and xylem layers.

Correct! Generate new phloem and xylem layers.

A landscape customer keeps complaining about millipedes that are getting into the house. In order for you to deal with this issue, you should: Spread insecticide granules around the outside of the house. Correct! Get a general pest control license. Use a bait that smells like mold. Spray the perimeter with a long-lasting pesticide.

Correct! Get a general pest control license.

A single bark beetle that has gained access to a plant rarely poses much problem, but mass attacks can: Provide too many openings for secondary diseases. Correct! Girdle the vascular system when individual burrows overlap all the way around the tree. Cause excessive sap loss as the tree tries to defend itself. What? Mass attacks only occur when the tree is dying anyway!

Correct! Girdle the vascular system when individual burrows overlap all the way around the tree.

Greenhouse whitefly pupae are easy to identify because they have: Rounded edges. A thick, white powdery coating. Four spots. Correct! Glassy spines.

Correct! Glassy spines.

A homeowner complained that their recently transplanted white oak had many branches dying back and they were worried that it hadn't survived the transplant! When the technician went to check the tree, she found these on the bark! What are they? Yellow felt scales. Correct! Golden oak scales. Obscure oak scale. False pit scales.

Correct! Golden oak scales.

Healthy plants can often heal borer damage, but this often causes ridges on or swellings of the bark. This is generally called: Callousing. Sluffing. Gnarling. Correct! Gouty growt

Correct! Gouty growt

This pest is on a grape leaf found in a back yard garden. Even though it isn't an ornamental plant, you should be able to identify it. The damage are these very precise ovals cut out of the leaves. The brown tissues appear to be from a leafminer. Correct! Grape shieldbearer. Grape holemaker. Grape skeletonizer. Grape leafcutter.

Correct! Grape shieldbearer.

A homeowner called his landscape care company to complain that the mowing crew keeps splattering his siding with little bundles of grass clippings. When the service manger checked out the problem, she found little bundles of grass attached by some silk! These are actually? Abbot's bagworm. Grass casemakers. Correct! Grass bagworms. Early instar bagworms.

Correct! Grass bagworms.

The main food for Canada geese is: Correct! Grasses. Bluegreen algae. Pond weeds. Insects.

Correct! Grasses.

Slow growing plants generally: Have lower photosynthetic rates. Make fewer defensive chemicals than fast-growing plants. Grow more leaves than fast-growing plants. Correct! Grow more roots than fast-growing plants.

Correct! Grow more roots than fast-growing plants.

According to your instructor, the best piece of application equipment to targeted IPM treatments is the: Correct! Hand-can. Backpack mist blower. 100-300 gallon pressure sprayer with long hose. Granule spreader.

Correct! Hand-can.

The mulberry whitefly pupa is easy to identify because it: Is covered with a waxy dust so that it looks like a cotton ball. Is a distinctive pink color. Correct! Has a fringe of white wax around the body. Has long glassy spines.

Correct! Has a fringe of white wax around the body.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eriophyid mites? Correct! Has four developmental stages - larva, nymph I, nymph II, adult Has male and female adults. Has only two pairs of legs Abdomen is annulated.

Correct! Has four developmental stages - larva, nymph I, nymph II, adult

The Nantucket pine tip moth is generally considered to be much more damaging than the European pine shoot moth. This is because the Nantucket pine tip moth: Burrows down last year's shoots, not just this year's buds and shoots. Correct! Has more than one generation. Attacks a wider range of pine trees. Also transmits a tip blight disease.

Correct! Has more than one generation.

True scales differ from whiteflies, primarily in that scales: Don't feed in the first instar. Produce more honeydew. Have crawlers. Correct! Have nymph-like females and winged males.

Correct! Have nymph-like females and winged males.

Both European corn borers and stalk borers are often found in thick perennial flower stems. The stalk borer larva differs from the European corn borer larva by: Having a brown head capsule rather than a black head capsule. Having brown, square spots rather than small round spots. Having only three pairs of prolegs compared to five. Correct! Having a dark band and stripes rather than rows of spots.

Correct! Having a dark band and stripes rather than rows of spots.

If a male bagworm was a human, he would be immediately arrested because: Correct! He mates with what is essentially an immature female! His aedaegus is especially long! He doesn't ask his potential mate if he has permission! He is lacking scales on his wings!

Correct! He mates with what is essentially an immature female!

A planting of blackeyed-Susan flowers had many of the flower heads neatly pruned off! What is the most likely culprit? Kids just snapping off the flower tops! Perennial flea weevil larva. Correct! Head-clipping weevil. The daisy looper.

Correct! Head-clipping weevil.

If you find a "sick" insect pest, it is full of tiny nematodes, and it has a distinctive red-brown color, which nematode is most likely involved? Steinermema. Correct! Heterorhabditis. Paranema. Can't tell from this description!

Correct! Heterorhabditis.

How can you confirm that a blotch on a leaf is a leaf mine and not a disease spot? Look for an opening with a hand lens. Pinch the spot with your fingers and listen for a pop. Look for fungal spores. Correct! Hold it up to the light to see if it has frass, or tear through the spot.

Correct! Hold it up to the light to see if it has frass, or tear through the spot.

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of sucking insect activity. Twisting of foliage. Bronzing. Tarspot. Correct! Holes in leaves.

Correct! Holes in leaves.

Honeylocust spider mite populations often explode when: Summer weather is especially hot and humid. Dormant oils are used to control scales. This is a known phenomenon, but nobody has figured out why! Correct! Honeylocust plant bugs have been sprayed in the spring with a pyrethroid insecticide.

Correct! Honeylocust plant bugs have been sprayed in the spring with a pyrethroid insecticide.

Fall webworm is best managed by: Setting the webbing nests on fire. Spraying with powerful, tall-tree sprayers. Correct! Ignoring them or removing the nests. Releasing predatory stink bugs.

Correct! Ignoring them or removing the nests.

The best place to use Japanese beetle pheromone traps is: Under a tree (i.e., in the shade). In the middle of a yard. At three to four locations scattered around the yard. Correct! In locations that the beetles are suspected, but not confirmed (i.e., for detection).

Correct! In locations that the beetles are suspected, but not confirmed (i.e., for detection).

The yellow popular weevils pupate: In cavities chewed in the tree bark. In the ground. Correct! In the mines. In crevices of the bark.

Correct! In the mines.

Carpenterworms are very difficult to kill in large trees. Surprisingly, one of the easiest way to kill the larvae is to: Squirt household ammonia down their burrows. Correct! Inject insect parasitic nematodes in their burrows. Scrape away their frass globs and poke the larvae with a coathanger. Don't bother, they don't cause much damage!

Correct! Inject insect parasitic nematodes in their burrows.

A master gardener called to report that a homeowner had stated that a bunch of the small tips of their juniper shrubs had suddenly turned brown in June. This was after a wet spring and the master gardener wondered what fungicide should be recommended for Phomopsis tip blight. You should say: Hold off, the damage may be by the juniper tip borer, one of the bark beetle species. The tips may have been girdled by the juniper looper. There is no fungicide for that disease! Correct! Inspect the tips for frass pellets before treating.

Correct! Inspect the tips for frass pellets before treating.

The eastern tent caterpillar can actually be prevented by: Correct! Inspecting previously infested trees for egg masses which are pruned out. Applying a systemic insecticide in June. Scrubbing the pupae off of the tree trunks. Applying a systemic insecticide in the fall.

Correct! Inspecting previously infested trees for egg masses which are pruned out.

In general most insect or mite-induced plant galls are: Key pests. Correct! Interesting growths that do little harm to their host plants. Worthy of control, but this is usually impossible because of the disrupted vascular systems. Caused by midges.

Correct! Interesting growths that do little harm to their host plants.

When a new invasive insect, like the emerald ash borer or the gypsy moth is found to be established in the United States, USDA scientists often go to the native country of these pests to search for parasites. If they find one that is specific to the invasive pest, they often release it here in North America. What tactic is this: Quarantine. Augmentation. Correct! Introduction. Bio-based.

Correct! Introduction.

The milky disease of white grubs: Correct! Is a very fastidious bacterium that has minimal infection rates. Is often enhanced when applied in an augmentation mode. All of these. Only affects Japanese beetle grubs.

Correct! Is a very fastidious bacterium that has minimal infection rates.

Why is this a sawfly? Correct! It has more than five pairs of prolegs. The shape of the head and thorax is unique. It has three pairs of thoracic legs. It is green and without hairs.

Correct! It has more than five pairs of prolegs.

What is the most unique feature of a spider mite larva? The abdomen lacks segmentation. What? Mite larvae are just smaller versions of the nymphs and adults! Correct! It has only three pairs of legs. They molt without feeding.

Correct! It has only three pairs of legs.

A cicada killer wasp is buzzing loudly in front of your face. It is doing this because: Females are very protective of their nesting sites. Correct! It is most likely a territorial male. They are kind of near-sighted so they check out anything that moves. They just think you are a tree and they are inspecting you for cicadas.

Correct! It is most likely a territorial male.

Why are twospotted spider mites so difficult to manage on landscape plants? It lives on leaf undersurfaces. The females will produce randomly dormant eggs at irregular intervals. Correct! It is often resistant to commonly used miticides. They balloon so frequently, they will reappear soon after being treated!

Correct! It is often resistant to commonly used miticides.

How does the pitch mass borer escape getting trapped in the pitch flow? It feeds where there is little actual pitch flow. The larvae has a thick waxy coating on its exoskeleton. The larva has a few long hairs that push its body away from the pitch. Correct! It puts silk over the oozing vascular bundles.

Correct! It puts silk over the oozing vascular bundles.

Cicada nymphs feed on: Tree trunks. Epiphytic fungi growing on roots. Grass stems and roots. Correct! Juices extracted from plant roots.

Correct! Juices extracted from plant roots.

Which of the following armored scales overwinters as mated females? Correct! Juniper scale. Rose scale. Euonymus scale. Oystershell scale.

Correct! Juniper scale.

Once a soft scale reaches the phloem bundles with its stylets, it needs to do this in order to extract the phloem fluids: The stylets have to be moved back and forth rapidly. Correct! Just let the plant push the sap up the stylets. The head has to move back and forth rapidly to create a suction. The pharyngeal pump creates suction.

Correct! Just let the plant push the sap up the stylets.

A homeowner sent in a pachysandra sample that was covered with oystershell-shaped scales and small white scales that looked like explanation marks. She wanted to know what two scales these were! They are most likely: Pine needle scales and oystershell scales. White peach scales and euonymus scales. Oystershell scale and scurfy scales. Correct! Just male and female euonymus scales!

Correct! Just male and female euonymus scales!

When a state spreads gypsy moth pheromone granules at the time that the adults begin to fly, they are trying to: Keep the females from finding males. Stop the males from flying. Keep females from laying eggs. Correct! Keep the males from finding females.

Correct! Keep the males from finding females.

Which of the following would NOT be a normal pollinator in urban landscapes? Butterflies and moths. Mosquitoes and fungus gnats Correct! Lace bugs and aphids. Dermestid beetles and soldier beetles.

Correct! Lace bugs and aphids.

Great care has to be taken to use translocated, systemic insecticides on large trees. This is because: Correct! Large trees have more mass and surface area per their diamater than small trees. Their transpiration rates are slower than small trees. Their thicker bark makes them tougher to get the insecticide in. Large trees have weaker xylem and phloem systems.

Correct! Large trees have more mass and surface area per their diamater than small trees.

The largest stage of the greenhouse thrips (in terms of body mass) is the: Adult. Pupa. Correct! Larva 2. Prepupa.

Correct! Larva 2.

The rose midge can be controlled by spraying the mulch and soil under rose plants with a long-residual, contact-active insecticide. This treatment kills the: What? This has been proven to not be effective! Overwintering adults as they emerge. Correct! Larvae as they drop to the ground to pupate. Adults as they walk on the surface to find rose plants for egg laying.

Correct! Larvae as they drop to the ground to pupate.

Most of the Rhyacionia tip and shoot moths overwinter as: Correct! Larvae inside buds. Prepupae in a cocoon inside dead shoots. Eggs attached to needle bases. Pupae in the litter under host trees.

Correct! Larvae inside buds.

The hickory leafstem gall phylloxeran stem mothers differ from aphids in that the phylloxerans: Have longer cornicles. Have more antennal segments. Correct! Lay eggs. Have both male and female forms.

Correct! Lay eggs.

The most diagnostic feature of boxwood psyllid attack is: Small branch dieback. Yellow speckles on leaves. Correct! Leaf cupping. Honeydew and sooty mold.

Correct! Leaf cupping.

The birch leafminer has a neat trick to be able to have multiple generations in a season. This is: The pupae emerge after heavy rains that stimulate tree growth. Correct! Leaf loss due to leaf mines cause the tree to expand new leaves. The pupae in the ground emerge all summer. Larvae release a growth regulator that makes new leaf tissues.

Correct! Leaf loss due to leaf mines cause the tree to expand new leaves.

While the yellownecked caterpillars are generally described as plant defoliators, the first couple of instars are also: Leaf notchers. Pit feeders. Correct! Leaf skeletonizers. Leaf hole makers.

Correct! Leaf skeletonizers.

Calico scale crawlers extract phloem fluids from: Correct! Leaf veins. Small branch vascular bundles. Trunk vascular bundles. All of these.

Correct! Leaf veins.

A common bee found in urban landscapes that is both beneficial and a plant pest is the: Sweat bee. Bumble bee. Correct! Leafcutter bee. Plasterer bee.

Correct! Leafcutter bee.

A plant was found that had many leaves that displayed some winding, brown trails on them. When held up to the sun, the trails appeared to have some little larva inside them. This describes a(n): Boring mites. Correct! Leafminer. Bagworm. All of these!

Correct! Leafminer.

Several catalpa hornworms were observed on a defoliated branch of catalpa. Each caterpillar was covered with what appeared to be white eggs. You would recommend: Use insecticidal soap on the caterpillars. Spray with a caterpillar-active BT. Correct! Leaving the parasitized larvae alone! Picking the caterpillars off and squashing them.

Correct! Leaving the parasitized larvae alone!

In North America, urban landscapes comprise this percent of the total land usage: About 20%. Less than 5%. More than 20%. About 15%, but growing.

Correct! Less than 5%.

A homeowner had purchased an expensive weeping flowering cherry tree that had been top grafted onto a straight standard cherry. After being in the ground for five years, two of the top-grafts broke out. The most likely reason for this is: Callous clearwing attack. Ambrosia beetle attack. Correct! Lesser peachtree borer attack. Graft incompatibility.

Correct! Lesser peachtree borer attack.

A gardener who really likes growing shasta daisy flowers kept noticing that some of the flower clumps suddenly had wilting flowers in late summer. When she pruned out these stems, she noticed that many of them had what looked like a "worm-like larva, but the larva didn't have prolegs!" From this description, the most likely borer is the: Stalk borer. Wireworm, the larvae of a click beetle. Composite crown borer, a type of bark beetle. Correct! Lizard beetle.

Correct! Lizard beetle.

This mealybug was found on a greenhouse plant. It is most likely which mealybug? Citrus mealybug Correct! Longtailed mealybug. Maderia mealybug. Striped mealybug.

Correct! Longtailed mealybug.

How would you confirm that rhododendron borers are attacking an azalea shrub that had some dead stems? Cut through one of the wilted branches with pruners and look to see if there is a dark ring in the cambium area. Check the ground around the plant for frass pellets. Correct! Look for raised bark, scrape it away and look for frass pellets. Remove the affected plant and cut the bark away to see if there is discolored phloem and cambium.

Correct! Look for raised bark, scrape it away and look for frass pellets.

The twomarked treehopper makes egg masses that: Correct! Look like a soft scale. Are inserted into the soil. Are inserted into the midveins of host tree leaves. Girdle tree branches.

Correct! Look like a soft scale.

Where would be the easiest place to find the sycamore lace bugs during the winter months? Correct! Look under flakes of the bark. Run a Berlese funnel with leaf litter collected under the tree. Look inside any curled leaves that remain on the tree. Look around the edges of any landscape timbers near sycamore trees.

Correct! Look under flakes of the bark.

One can easily tell which pines will be attacked by European pine sawflies, even in November, by: What? You can't tell what plants will be "hit" by this pest in the spring! Searching the soil under the pine tree for pupal cases. Looking for plants that have a "poodle clip." Correct! Looking for egg scars on needles.

Correct! Looking for egg scars on needles.

The following caterpillar was found on an oak tree in late May. From this and the image below you can tell that this is a: Spring cankerworm. Correct! Looper of some sort. Oak spanworm. Oak cankerworm.

Correct! Looper of some sort.

White pine weevil damage to young trees is more significant that attacks on mature pines and spruces because: Their emergence holes drip sap which makes young trees unfit to sale. Correct! Loss of a leader causes a major crook in the trunk. Older trees can survive some loss of their branches. Blue stain bacterial reduce the value of pine or spruce timber.

Correct! Loss of a leader causes a major crook in the trunk.

Plant bugs generally feed on: Upper epidermal cell liquids. Xylem fluids. Correct! Macerated leaf and stem cells. Phloem fluids.

Correct! Macerated leaf and stem cells.

Why do most midges make open galls? Correct! Maggots and flies don't have chewing mouthparts. Only leaf veins and margins are attacked and these only make pouch galls. Midge gall makers only have chemicals that can expand leaf tissues, not proliferate them. The females can't insert their eggs into plant tissues.

Correct! Maggots and flies don't have chewing mouthparts.

Pinholes are made by agromyzid flies for: Attracting mates. Sampling leaf tissues to ensure the fly has the right host. Laying eggs only. Correct! Mainly feeding by the female.

Correct! Mainly feeding by the female.

When using Landscape IPM, a technician found a bagworm on a juniper. The next step would be to: Determine if there are some parasitic wasps that can be released in the landscape that target bagworms. Correct! Make a record of the find, pull it off and squash it. Of there was only one, just ignore it! Select a "soft" insecticide and spray all the junipers in the landscape.

Correct! Make a record of the find, pull it off and squash it.

The shothole leafminer fly makes holes in leaves by: What? It's her larvae that make the holes! Making a series of oviposition holes. Correct! Making a series of feeding punctures with her ovipositor. Using her piercing-sucking mouthparts to make feeding holes.

Correct! Making a series of feeding punctures with her ovipositor.

The European fruit lecanium scales overwinter as: Mated females. Second instar female nymphs and male pupae. Eggs under the female's body. Correct! Male and female nymphs.

Correct! Male and female nymphs.

An arborist was having trouble with the oak clearwing borer, so he decided to use the pheromone trap to help with timing of control applications. In the first week of June, his trap had a bunch of yellowjackets in it! What happened? He got the wrong pheromone. Yellowjackets are sometimes attracted to the pheromone trap colors! Correct! Male oak clearwing moths are yellowjacket mimics! The oak clearwing pheromone is also the sex attractant of yellowjackets!

Correct! Male oak clearwing moths are yellowjacket mimics!

These are some female calico scales on an elm branch. What are the oval white things among the females? Second instar nymphs. Immature females. Correct! Male pupae. Another scale of some sort.

Correct! Male pupae.

Why is a pheromone trap used to monitor clearwing borers really useful? Correct! Males fly before females which allows protective sprays to be applied before egg lay. Lets you know when the borers are active. The traps are cheap. Helps you determine if borers are actually present

Correct! Males fly before females which allows protective sprays to be applied before egg lay.

Aphid taxonomy used to be a nightmare because: Correct! Many different forms of the same species occur during the year. Species were identified mainly on wing venation so you had to rear apids until the winged forms were produced. Taxonomy was base only on the males. Parthenogenic females have no external genitalia.

Correct! Many different forms of the same species occur during the year.

A homeowner called to find out what has happened to his maple tree. He thought that it was a sugar maple and all of a sudden, a bunch of leaves dropped off the tree. This happened in the last week of May. He had looked carefully and it appeared that the stems of the leaves had turned black and this is where they broke. What is he most likely dealing with? Correct! Maple petiole borer. Leaf anthracnose. Maple petiole midge. Maple shoot borer.

Correct! Maple petiole borer.

What hemipteran mouthparts form the salivary canal? Hypopharynx Mandibular stylets. Labrum. Correct! Maxillary stylets.

Correct! Maxillary stylets.

Which of the following is NOT a normal attribute of aphids? Ovoviviparous adults. Parthenogenic and sexual adults. Alate and apterous adults. Correct! Mesophyll feeding.

Correct! Mesophyll feeding.

The elm casebearer is actually pretty inconspicuous, but its feeding damage is quite noticeable. The larvae damage the elm leaves by: Correct! Mining multiple patches in the leaves. Skeletonizing the leaves. Making notches in the margins of the leaves. Webbing over the small leaves.

Correct! Mining multiple patches in the leaves.

The most likely reason why a carpenter ant satellite colony is in a home wall void is: A secondary queen set out on her own. Honeydew producing insects are in nearby trees. Correct! Moisture is available. Open space to build a nest is hard to find.

Correct! Moisture is available.

IPM is never the least expensive way to manage pests. However, it isn't the most expensive approach either. The cost of regular, calendar-date spraying is replaced by the cost of: Correct! Monitoring and making decisions. Using more expensive insect growth regulators. Introducing biological controls. Replacing Key Plants.

Correct! Monitoring and making decisions.

In general, your instructor believes that most general foliage-eating, even defoliating caterpillars and sawflies are: Rarely found in urban landscape trees and more common in forest trees. Correct! More of an aesthetic issue that won't result in significant plant death. Easily controlled with cultural methods when they are discovered. Key pests that should be prevented with preventive insecticides.

Correct! More of an aesthetic issue that won't result in significant plant death.

Reproductively, the citrus mealybug differs from the longtailed mealybug in that the longtailed mealybug females: Correct! Must mate. Produce large ovisacs. Are ovoviviparous. Are parthenogenic.

Correct! Must mate.

Which of the following is NOT a sawfly leafminer? Elm leafminer. Birch leafminer. Correct! Neptilucid oak leafminer. Hawthorn leafminer.

Correct! Neptilucid oak leafminer.

It is believed that the main reason why the Asian longhorned beetle has been successfully eradicated several times is because: They only infest maples which are easily removed from an area. The are higly susceptible to the neonicontinoid insecticides. They take two to three years to develope which means they spread slowly. Correct! New adults don't fly far and prefer to reinfest the tree from which they emerged.

Correct! New adults don't fly far and prefer to reinfest the tree from which they emerged.

Dutch elm disease is usually vectored when: When bark beetles chew on callous tissues. Correct! Newly emerged adults maturation feed on small branches of uninfected trees. Bark beetles make nuptial chambers. When bark beetles maturation feed on elm leaves.

Correct! Newly emerged adults maturation feed on small branches of uninfected trees.

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic insecticide? Powdered sulfur. Lead arsenate. Mercury chloride. Correct! Nicotine sulfate.

Correct! Nicotine sulfate.

An arborist sent you this picture of an insect larva that they found in a tree that was cut down. He thought is was a carpenterworm. Why is it not a carpenterworm? It doesn't have stripes. Correct! No prolegs present. Wrong color. Doesn't have spots.

Correct! No prolegs present.

Which of the following plants doesn't need a pollinator? American elm. Shasta daisy. Creeping phlox. Correct! Norway spruce.

Correct! Norway spruce.

The best way to manage milkweed bugs in the home garden is to: Spray the foliage and seed pods as soon as the nymphs are seen. Drench the base of the plant with a neonicotinoid in late May. Wait until bloom is finished and apply a pyrethroid. Spray the foliage and seed pods as soon as the nymphs are seen. Drench the base of the plant with a neonicotinoid in late May. Wait until bloom is finished and apply a pyrethroid. Correct! Not bother!

Correct! Not bother!

One has to use caution when using soil-injectors, especially to: Use a proper grid pattern under the drip line of trees or shrubs. Correct! Not inject systemic insecticide below the root level. Lace the insecticide mix with a fertilizer to enhance root uptake. Make sure that the soil is relatively dry.

Correct! Not inject systemic insecticide below the root level.

Polistes wasps are beneficial predators of caterpillars in our landscapes. However, in this course, they are also considered to be: Correct! Nuisance pests. Dangerous pests. Key Pests. Parasitoids.

Correct! Nuisance pests.

The azalea bark scale overwinters in which stage? Correct! Nymphs. Eggs in ovisacs. Mated but immature females. Mature females.

Correct! Nymphs.

The Constitution of the United States was written with this kind of ink! Correct! Oak gall ink. An extract from witch-hazel cone galls. Hickory leafgall ink. Willow leafgall ink.

Correct! Oak gall ink.

Which of the following mites would be MOST easily controlled with insecticidal/miticidal soap sprays? Honeylocust spider mite. Twospotted spider mite. Correct! Oak spider mite. Maple spider mite.

Correct! Oak spider mite.

Even after white pine weevils have emerged, you can confirm that they were the pests that killed leaders by: Correct! Observing chip cocoons under the dead bark. They're the only thing that kills the leaders of pine and spruce! Finding their distinctive frass pellets under the dead bark. Observing the perfectly round emergence holes.

Correct! Observing chip cocoons under the dead bark.

Xeriscaped urban landscapes: Correct! Often don't really save water and are not very useful for human activities. Require almost no maintenance. Always use native plants. Are ones that are never watered.

Correct! Often don't really save water and are not very useful for human activities.

During most of the summer, the European elm scale is located: In crevices of the bark. On small branches. Deep inside bud scales. Correct! On the undersides of elm leaves.

Correct! On the undersides of elm leaves.

A Key Plant in urban landscape IPM is: Correct! One that often has major insect or mite problems. The tallest plant in the landscape. The major accent plant. A plant that supports many bees, butterflies and birds.

Correct! One that often has major insect or mite problems.

When using trunk implant capsules, one should: Insert them in the fall so that the insecticide is picked up for the following spring. Insert them at waist height. Correct! Only use them on plants that heal rapidly after inserting of the implants. All of these.

Correct! Only use them on plants that heal rapidly after inserting of the implants.

An insect with sucking mouthparts, like an aphid, will likely make this kind of gall: Spindle. Correct! Open. Gouty. Closed.

Correct! Open.

The two white grubs most commonly found in flower beds in northeastern North America are: May/June beetle and green June beetle. Correct! Oriental beetle and Asiatic garden beetle. Japanese beetle and masked chafer. European chafer and black turfgrass Ataenius.

Correct! Oriental beetle and Asiatic garden beetle.

A homeowner sent in some pictures of her flowering apricot tree. Many of the new shoots had wilted and there was a little glob of brown resin-like material coming from each affected shoot. She wanted to know what disease was attacking her tree and what should be done about it. From this description, what is she most likely dealing with? Fireblight. Correct! Oriental fruit moth. Codling moth. Black shoot borer.

Correct! Oriental fruit moth.

The primary damage done to plants by cicada adults is: Honeydew production that causes extreme sooty mold growth. Correct! Oviposition scars. Vectoring viral diseases. Cicada-burn from feeding in xylem bundles.

Correct! Oviposition scars.

Most aphid stem mothers are: Apterous and oviparous. Alated and oviparous. Correct! Ovoviviparous and parthenogenic. Sexual AND parthenogenic!

Correct! Ovoviviparous and parthenogenic.

Which of following butterfly species rarely has a larval host plant that is cultivated in our urban landscapes? Tiger Swallowtail. Black Swallowtail. Correct! Painted Lady. Monarch.

Correct! Painted Lady.

A mass of mealybugs was found on a palmetto leaf. They were discovered after removing what looked like a soil covering. There were also bigheaded ants under the covering. This mealybug is most likely the: Pink hibiscus mealybug. Correct! Palm (coconut) mealybug. Rosy mealybug. Citrus mealybug.

Correct! Palm (coconut) mealybug.

While blister beetles are considered to be very interesting insects because of the blistering chemicals that they contain in their haemolymph, they are also damaging pests because the adults eat leaves and flowers and the larvae: Infest animal nests. Burrow into plant stems. Feed on plant roots. Correct! Parasitize solitary bees.

Correct! Parasitize solitary bees.

Black vine weevils are: Correct! Parthenogenic females. Native to North America. All of these. Flower eaters.

Correct! Parthenogenic females.

Which of the following is NOT a normal feature of whiteflies? Correct! Parthenogenic. Male and Females are coated with waxy powder. Produce honeydew. They undergo a "pupa" stage.

Correct! Parthenogenic.

Insecticidal/miticidal soaps and horticultural oils are said to suffocate insects. The current thinking is that these actually: Correct! Penetrate cuticle microtubules and kill epithelial cells. What? They block the spiracles which causes suffocation! Act as a hormone that inhibits cuticle hardening. Inhibit nerve transmission.

Correct! Penetrate cuticle microtubules and kill epithelial cells.

People still say that they are going to call an exterminator when they have a "bug" problem in their homes. Today, we prefer to use this term for these service providers: Bug Killers! Correct! Pest Management Professional. Pest Eradicators. Pest Control Specialists.

Correct! Pest Management Professional.

When you use a pest tolerant landscape tree, you are expecting: All of these. Only one key pest. Correct! Pests to be present, but they are not significant. Borers are rare.

Correct! Pests to be present, but they are not significant.

The most common false spider mite found in greenhouses is the: Broad mite. Correct! Phalaenopsis mite. Privet mite. Fern mite.

Correct! Phalaenopsis mite.

Which of the following would normally produce honeydew? Cambium feeder. Epidermis feeder. Correct! Phloem and xylem feeder. Mesophyll feeder.

Correct! Phloem and xylem feeder.

The easiest way to manage the oak twig pruner, a longhorned beetle, is to: Correct! Pick up and destroy infested twigs as they drop from the tree. Stop mosquito fogging that kills the parasitic wasps that control this pest! Inject a systemic insecticide in June to kill the adults that are maturation feeding. Fertilize oak trees in May so that they can encapsulate the larvae.

Correct! Pick up and destroy infested twigs as they drop from the tree.

Redbanded leafhoppers and related sharpshooters have been implicated in transmitting: Diplodia tip blight. Correct! Pierce's disease, a bacterial wilt. A variety of mycoplasma diseases. Aster yellows.

Correct! Pierce's disease, a bacterial wilt.

The nymphs and adults of the western conifer seed bug feed on: Spruce and larch seed cones. Fir and Douglas-fir seed cones. Correct! Pine and spruce seed cones. Pine and white cedar seed cones.

Correct! Pine and spruce seed cones.

The two common armored scales that have egg hatch when common lilac is in bloom are: Obscure scales and hemlock scales. Correct! Pine needle scales and oystershell scales. Juniper scales and San Jose scales. Rose scales and euonymus scales.

Correct! Pine needle scales and oystershell scales.

A white pine was found that had these strange bundles of needles on several branches. It appeared that about 10 to 12 needles were tied together with some silk in a hollow cylinder. Some had the tips of the needles missing. From this description, what is the most likely pest? Pine needle binder. Pine needletier. Pine leafroller Correct! Pine tube moth.

Correct! Pine tube moth.

Agromyzid leafminer females feed on host leaves and this shows up as: Speckles. Shotholes. Blotch mines. Correct! Pinholes.

Correct! Pinholes.

This tiny black fly was found on several plant leaves and the leaves were covered with tiny holes. The holes are called: Correct! Pinholes. Shotholes. Leafspots. Oviposition spots.

Correct! Pinholes.

Which of the following is not a common symptom of borer activity? Sudden death of branches or the entire plant. Sap flow with frass pellets included. Unexplaned slowed growth. Correct! Pinholes.

Correct! Pinholes.

The holes made by most flea beetles are generally called: Correct! Pit feeding. Large. Irregular. Windowpanes.

Correct! Pit feeding.

What is the best characterization of the damage visible in this image? General defoliator. Correct! Pit-feeding, hole maker. Skeletonization. Notcher.

Correct! Pit-feeding, hole maker.

A customer called a tree company to complain that her spruce tree was dripping sap from a pitch mass located under a branch about five feet off the ground. Just from this description, the most likely insect that could do this is the: Black ambrosia beetle. Zimmerman pine moth. Correct! Pitch mass borer. Spruce borer.

Correct! Pitch mass borer.

Which of the following borers usually takes two years (or more) to finish its larval development? Correct! Pitch mass borer. American plum borer. Cottonwood shoot borer. Zimmerman pine moth.

Correct! Pitch mass borer.

Sucking pests of ornamentals are often recognized by their: Oval shape. Elongated stylets which arises from the front of the head. Number of wings. Correct! Plant distortions and feces like tarspots or honeydew.

Correct! Plant distortions and feces like tarspots or honeydew.

To protect bees, most of the neonicotinoid insecticides that are registered for urban landscape use cannot be applied to Tilia species of trees (basswood and lindens) nor to: Prunus species (cherry, plum, etc.) Correct! Plants in bloom. Red maple. Perennials.

Correct! Plants in bloom.

On maples, when hopperburn occurs, it is most likely caused by: Maple leafhoppers. Correct! Potato leafhoppers. Candy sharpshooters. White apple leafhoppers.

Correct! Potato leafhoppers.

When calibrated, drop spreaders are highly accurate, however, this accuracy depends on: Correct! Precise overlap of spread swaths. The granules used. Wind speed. All of these.

Correct! Precise overlap of spread swaths.

The most common biological control used in greenhouses and interiorscapes to control flower thrips is: Lady beetles. Green lacewing larvae. Correct! Predatory mites. Other predatory thrips.

Correct! Predatory mites.

I often find oakslug damage on oak leaves. In many cases, the skeletonization is still green, but when I turn over the leaf, no larvae can be found. What is the most likely cause of these missing larvae? They got a bacterial disease. Predatory stink bug attack. They got a fungal disease. Correct! Predatory wasp attack.

Correct! Predatory wasp attack.

Oaks trees are best transplanted when young, no more than a two-inch caliper. Even then, your instructor recommends: Just monitor the tree for pests. Fertilizing and watering heavily for the first three years. Correct! Preventively treating for the twolined chestnut borer for two years. Spraying for dormant oil to ensure no golden oak scales overwhelm the tree.

Correct! Preventively treating for the twolined chestnut borer for two years.

Oak horned-beak galls are also called horned oak galls. The horns do what? Correct! Produce nectar that attracts ants, bees and wasps. Add extra structural support to the gall. Keep deer from eating the spiky galls. Provide exit holes for the adult wasps.

Correct! Produce nectar that attracts ants, bees and wasps.

Introduced (non-native) ornamental trees and shrubs generally: Get more disease than native plants. Correct! Provide fewer resources for native animals. Are highly attacked by native pests. Are often better adapted to our environments.

Correct! Provide fewer resources for native animals.

Most scales rarely kill their host plants, but the beech scale is an exception. It kills trees by: Correct! Providing entry points for Nectria canker disease (beech blight disease). Clogging the phloem bundles. Overwhelming the vascular system. Vectoring a virus disease (Beech yellows).

Correct! Providing entry points for Nectria canker disease (beech blight disease).

In general, most of the damage done by spittlebug nymphs seems to be: Removing sap that causes slow growth. Correct! Providing good environments for fungal and bacterial diseases. Vectoring viral diseases. Dripping from the spittlemasses cause growth of sooty molds.

Correct! Providing good environments for fungal and bacterial diseases.

Most solitary bee populations can be most helped by: Growing nectar and pollen-producing plants in the fall. Correct! Providing them nesting sites that consist of paper tubes, holes drilled in wood or bundles of pithy-stemmed branches. Setting out wooden boxes that contain animal hair. Setting out yellow pans of water.

Correct! Providing them nesting sites that consist of paper tubes, holes drilled in wood or bundles of pithy-stemmed branches.

The other common name of the redshouldered bug is: Correct! Red stainer. Golden raintree bug. Grey stink bug. Apollo bug.

Correct! Red stainer.

Lilac borers are best controlled by: Not growing common lilacs and only use hybrids. Drenching the plants with a systemic insecticide in late May. Correct! Regular pruning and rejuvenation of lilac canes. Applying a long residual insecticide to the lilac trunks in late May.

Correct! Regular pruning and rejuvenation of lilac canes.

The best way to manage the coneflower flowergall mites is to: Spray with an insecticide as the flower buds come out. Dip each flower head in miticidal soap. Remove and destroy any plants showing the mite symptoms. Correct! Remove all flower stems and foliage in the fall.

Correct! Remove all flower stems and foliage in the fall.

The best way to control rose rosette disease is to: Correct! Remove and destroy infected plants as soon as they show any symptoms. Treat rose canes during the winter with dormant oil to kill the mite eggs. Treat the plants every year with a systemic insecticide that kills eriophyid mites. Treat roses once a month during the summer with a pesticide that kills eriophyid mites.

Correct! Remove and destroy infected plants as soon as they show any symptoms.

Which mouthpart of the thrips has been reduced and isn't used as a stylet? Correct! Right mandible Right maxilla Left maxilla Left mandible

Correct! Right mandible

Deer often graze in landscapes, nibbling off branches and even flowers. However, they also damage trees and shrubs by: Digging around the bases of trees and shrubs to get to the soft roots. Correct! Rubbing antlers just before rut. Urinating and marking territory. Standing on their hind legs to reach upper branches and their hoofs strip off bark.

Correct! Rubbing antlers just before rut.

Puddling sites are necessary for many butterflies for them to obtain: Water. Correct! Salts and minerals. All of these. Gut bacteria.

Correct! Salts and minerals.

Most armored scales overwinter as eggs or mated females. However, this one overwinters as second instar nymphs! Oystershell scale. Euonymus Scale. Pine needle scale. Correct! San Jose Scale.

Correct! San Jose Scale.

Which of the following insects would NOT be a target for the currently registered Bacillus thuringiensis strains? Leaf beetle larvae. Mosquito larvae. Caterpillars. Correct! Sawfly larvae.

Correct! Sawfly larvae.

On birch trees, the spiny witch-hazel aphid overwinters as: What? They only overwinter on their primary host, witch-hazel! Correct! Scale-shaped, parthenogenic, ovoviviparous females. Hibernating eggs. Sistens nymphs.

Correct! Scale-shaped, parthenogenic, ovoviviparous females.

The second and third instar nymphs of whiteflies are generally called: Crawlers. Pupae. Correct! Scales. Prepupa and pupa, respectively.

Correct! Scales.

The recommended way to control either the pitch mass borer or the zimmerman pine moth larvae, once they are in a host tree and making a pitch mass is: Inject a contact insecticide into the nodule void with a long hypodermic needle! Drench the base with a water-soluble, systemic insecticide. What? There's nothing you can do once they form the pitch nodule! Correct! Scrape away the pitch mass and cut or stab them!

Correct! Scrape away the pitch mass and cut or stab them!

Which of the following attributes is NOT found in armored scales? Females generally lay less that 100 eggs. Males have only two wings. Correct! Second instars can still move. No honeydew produced.

Correct! Second instars can still move.

In order to have elm cockscomb galls, you need elm leaves and: Correct! Sedges and grass roots! Elm roots! Goldenrod plants. Poplar or aspen trees.

Correct! Sedges and grass roots!

Where is the tarnished plant bug a significant pest? Tomato production. Perennial flower beds. Correct! Seed production for flowers and vegetables. Soybean fields.

Correct! Seed production for flowers and vegetables.

Twospotted spider mites were discovered on some winged euonymus shrubs. The miticide, Floramite, was applied and five days later, the plants were even worse. What should you do now? Floramite is only for greenhouse spider mites, so use one of the neonics. Correct! Select a miticide with a different mode of action. Release predatory mites. Use a double rate of Floramite.

Correct! Select a miticide with a different mode of action.

In urban landscape IPM, an organic insecticide is: Generally less toxic to beneficials. Given preference over synthetic insecticides. All of these. Correct! Selected if it is effective and fits into the economics of the management program.

Correct! Selected if it is effective and fits into the economics of the management program.

The primary vector of Dutch elm disease is: Banded elm bark beetle. Small native elm bark beetle. European elm bark beetle. Correct! Several species of elm bark beetles.

Correct! Several species of elm bark beetles.

Thrips used to be considered mere nuisance pests that made streaks on flowers or discolored patches on plant leaves. This changed when it was discovered that they can vector: Several bacterial diseases. Correct! Several virus diseases. Pseudomonas solanacearum. Botrytus fungus.

Correct! Several virus diseases.

In landscape plantings, the easiest method of detecting whiteflies is to: Look for speckles on the foliage of leaves. Set out yellow sticky cards at each corner of the landscape. Correct! Simply tap the foliage of plants. Set out a yellow detergent-filled pan.

Correct! Simply tap the foliage of plants.

A customer called to have you come trap the raccoons that are digging up their lawn and flower beds. When you get there, there are dozens of small, cone-shaped pits. The pest involved is most likely a: Vole. Crow. Crayfish. Correct! Skunk.

Correct! Skunk.

It appears that the western flower thrips is most attracted to this color: Cobalt blue. Grass green. Correct! Sky blue. Bright yellow.

Correct! Sky blue.

The factor that has the biggest influence on white grub populations would be: Correct! Soil moisture at egg lay. Winter temperature that drops below -10F. Thickness of thatch in a lawn. Length of winter cold.

Correct! Soil moisture at egg lay.

Spray schedules often have to be followed to control whiteflies in greenhouses, especially when short-residual insecticides are being used. This is because: They are generally located on leaf undersurfaces. Most have resistance to one or more insecticide categories. Whitefly adults are protected by their waxy coating. Correct! Some stages of the whitefly don't feed and are protected by an extra exoskeleton layer (i.e., the "pupae").

Correct! Some stages of the whitefly don't feed and are protected by an extra exoskeleton layer (i.e., the "pupae").

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of thrips activity? Tiny tarspots. White or yellow spots on plant foliage. Correct! Sooty mold. Streaks on flower petals.

Correct! Sooty mold.

Which of the following is NOT a warm-season spider mite? Oak spider mite. European red mite. Correct! Southern red mite. Honeylocust spider mite.

Correct! Southern red mite.

Mycangia are: Fruiting bodies of the fungus that ambrosia beetles use to soften the wood. Knobs on the end of the antennae of bark beetles that are used to detect tree stresses. Hollowed cavities in a bark beetles mandibles that carry fungus spores. Correct! Special pouches that ambrosia beetle females carry fungus mycelium in.

Correct! Special pouches that ambrosia beetle females carry fungus mycelium in.

A skeletonizer caterpillar larva would be an example of a(n): Nuisance pest. Correct! Specialized feeder. Key pest. Defoliator.

Correct! Specialized feeder.

A homeowner brought in a bunch of shasta daisy flowers and many of the petals were brown on the edges. She said that this happened, literally overnight. While Botrytus fungus can do this, what insect can do it also? First instar grasshoppers. Correct! Spotted and striped cucumber beetles. Tree cricket nymphs. Petal looper (early instars).

Correct! Spotted and striped cucumber beetles.

When using a hand-can or backpack, pump sprayer, the best way to treat a whitefly infestation is to: Not use these sprayers and get a mist blower. Spray until the foliages begins to drip. Pump harder to make sure that the spray shakes the leaves back and forth. Correct! Spray from below to hit the leaf undersurfaces.

Correct! Spray from below to hit the leaf undersurfaces.

A Norway spruce tree keeps attracting bees and wasps because the needles are covered with honeydew! Upon close inspection, no aphids or obvious scales were found. The most likely producer of the honeydew is: Correct! Spruce bud scale. Pine needle scales. Fletcher scale. Pine spittlebugs.

Correct! Spruce bud scale.

What kind of insect produced these eggs? Tarnished plant bug. Correct! Stink bug. Leaffooted bug. Lace bug.

Correct! Stink bug.

Most lace bugs damage plants by: Causing early leaf drop. Twisting the foliage. Correct! Stippling the leaves. Tattering leaves.

Correct! Stippling the leaves.

Here is a different mealybug found on a greenhouse plant. It is most likely the: Correct! Striped mealybug. Longtailed mealybug. Mexican mealybug. Citrus mealybug.

Correct! Striped mealybug.

This is a large scale found producing abundant honeydew in a Scotch pine Christmas tree plantation. Which one is it? Pine tortoise scale. Calico scale. Fletcher scale. Correct! Striped pine scale.

Correct! Striped pine scale.

The tree most commonly damaged by the pear thrips is: Pin oak. Callery (Bradford) pear. Crabapple. Correct! Sugar maple.

Correct! Sugar maple.

Which of the following lace bugs would NOT overwinter as an egg? Azalea Lace Bug Correct! Sycamore lace bug Rhododendron Lace Bug Andromeda Lace Bug

Correct! Sycamore lace bug

Sycamore plant bugs often cause tattering of sycamore leaves. Unfortunately, there is another insect that also occurs on sycamore leaves that most people assume have caused this tattering. That insect is the: What? Not an insect, but the sycamore anthracnose disease! Sycamore leaf beetle. Correct! Sycamore lace bug. Sycamore flea beetle.

Correct! Sycamore lace bug.

Your instructor often recommends "Just hose down the plant with aphids!" This mechanical control technique is technically called: Hose-down. Blasting. Correct! Syringing. Delaying.

Correct! Syringing.

Most of the larger annual (=dog-day) cicadas: Vector bacterial diseases among trees. Generally emege in May and June. Emerge in mass each year in some locations. Correct! Take two to three years to develop.

Correct! Take two to three years to develop.

Lace bugs excrete: Honeydew. Correct! Tarspots. Frass pellets. Frass patches.

Correct! Tarspots.

In the summertime, mosquitoes in a yard probably come from: Any pond that is nearby. Flood plains that can be as much as five miles away. Treeholes. Correct! That landscape and adjacent ones.

Correct! That landscape and adjacent ones.

Where do you find out the Mode of Action of an insecticide or miticide? Correct! The IRAC web site. The MSDS sheet for the pesticide. The EPA web site. The Citizens Against the Misuse of Pesticides web site.

Correct! The IRAC web site.

A new systemic insecticide was topically applied to the body of an aphid and the aphid was quickly killed. However, when the systemic was drenched around the roots of the plant, aphids feeding on the plant weren't killed. The most likely reason for this is: Correct! The aphid was a phloem feeder. Not enough toxin was translocated up the plant. The plant changed the insecticide chemistry as the molecule was translocated. The aphid was a xylem feeder.

Correct! The aphid was a phloem feeder.

Dendroctonus bark beetles are notorious for attacking and killing live pines in southern and western states. They are usually successful in killing large numbers of pines when the pines are under drought stress and: Excessive heat has occurred for three months or more. The trees are too crowded. Fungal diseases are also attacking the trees. Correct! The beetles perform a "mass attack."

Correct! The beetles perform a "mass attack."

Purple spots appear each spring on black-eyed Susan leaves! These are most likely the result of: Correct! The coneflower leaf psyllid. The coneflower leaf-spot fungus. The black-eye Susan aphid. The coneflower adelgid.

Correct! The coneflower leaf psyllid.

Most new urban landscapes, especially in newer housing developments, usually have lots of Key Plants because: Key plants establish easier in inverted soil profiles. They use a lot of blooming plants. The developer gets kick-backs from professional landscape managers. Correct! The developer was simply saving money.

Correct! The developer was simply saving money.

The fruittree leafroller can extensively attack crabapple leaves in the spring. However, most entomologists do not recommend applying insecticides because: Correct! The early damage will soon be masked by new growth. Predators and parasites will kill most of the larvae. Pollinators will be killed. The damage is not easily seen.

Correct! The early damage will soon be masked by new growth.

Hopperburn from the potato leafhopper, in Ohio, most commonly occurs when: Adults first arrive from southern states. Correct! The first cutting of alfalfa occurs. Rose of Sharon begins to bloom. Between 240 and 280 GDD have occurred.

Correct! The first cutting of alfalfa occurs.

Why are webworms difficult to control with contact, stomach insecticides? By the time the nest has been found, the larvae have likely gone to pupate. Sawflies and caterpillars are more resistant to insecticides. Correct! The foliage that they eat is inclosed in their nests. The larvae only eat for short periods in during their life cycles.

Correct! The foliage that they eat is inclosed in their nests.

The problem with identifying a leaf hole maker that attacks young leaves is: There are too many possibilities - beetles, weevils, caterpillars, sawflies, flies, true bugs, etc.! New foliage soon covers up the early damage. The hole is quickly covered up by the expanding leaf. Correct! The holes distort as the leaf fully expands and hardens.

Correct! The holes distort as the leaf fully expands and hardens.

A planting of hollyhock flowers were found where all the leaves were skeletonized. The skeletonization was "crude" where only the larger leaf veins remained. The most likely pest that would produce this: Correct! The hollyhock sawfly. Striped cucumber beetle adults. Hollyhock skeletonizer, a caterpillar. Japanese beetle adults.

Correct! The hollyhock sawfly.

We now know that early June-applied systemic insecticides used to control the emerald ash borer actually kill a lot of the adults by: Killing the adults as the chew out of the bark. What? Systemic insecticides have no affect on the adults! Correct! The insecticides end up in the leaves which the adults eat. Delivering an effective dose of insecticide as the adults chew egg niches in the bark.

Correct! The insecticides end up in the leaves which the adults eat.

Spruce needleminer visual symptoms seem to get worse on spruce trees because: Each generation increases in size logistically. Correct! The larvae attach the mined needles with silk. Each generation increases in size geometrically. The spruce trees react severely to the damage by dropping their needles immediately upon invasion.

Correct! The larvae attach the mined needles with silk.

The common bagworm is most dangerous when it attacks conifers because: They defoliate conifers late in the season. Their feeding allows entry by needlecast diseases. Their attachment cords girdle branches. Correct! The larvae can chew off bark and buds once they defoliate a branch.

Correct! The larvae can chew off bark and buds once they defoliate a branch.

The Asian chestnut gall wasp is very difficult to control because: The adults only live for 24 hours during which time they lay many eggs. Correct! The larvae have two times that they remain dormant for a long period of time. This species seems to have developed resistance to insecticides in China. They seem to be in tissues where systemic insecticides don't reach.

Correct! The larvae have two times that they remain dormant for a long period of time.

The common roseslug damage can be easily separated from bristly roseslug damage by: What? You need an actual specimen to tell the difference! The time of year that the larva are active. Correct! The location of the skeletonization on the leaf - upper vs lower. The size of the windowpanes made.

Correct! The location of the skeletonization on the leaf - upper vs lower.

The nuptial chamber of a bark beetle is usually made by: Correct! The male or female, depending on the species. Both males and females together. Females to attract males. Males to attract females.

Correct! The male or female, depending on the species.

Leafcutter bees make distinctive leaf notches because: They chew up the leaves and make open nests with the paper-like pulp. Correct! The need the leaf pieces to line their brood nests. Their mandibles are still functioning, so they chew up the leaves for food. They chew up the leaf pieces to feed their larvae.

Correct! The need the leaf pieces to line their brood nests.

The locust leafminer mines are often confused with the digitate locust leafminer. However, the locust leafminer is much more damaging to black locust trees because? Their populations are often 10 times higher. The adults also transmit a bacterial disease. Their larvae can also mine down shoots. Correct! The new adults do extensive maturation feeding on the leaves.

Correct! The new adults do extensive maturation feeding on the leaves.

Presence of a palmetto weevil infestation is an indication that: The palm wasn't properly pruned and the still live, cut leaf bases are very attractive to female weevils. Correct! The palm was actually dead or dying anyway! The palm is in too much water. The palm isn't getting suficient micronutrients.

Correct! The palm was actually dead or dying anyway!

The economic threshold level is: Correct! The pest population level that management needs to be implemented to avoid crop loss. The first point that a pest can be detected. The point where cost of control equals the value of the crop lost. The point where significant crop loss has occurred.

Correct! The pest population level that management needs to be implemented to avoid crop loss.

Beauveria bassiana usually attacks landscape plant insect pests when: All of these. We have cool and wet conditions. Sprays are applied directly to the pest. Correct! The pests are stressed or are dying.

Correct! The pests are stressed or are dying.

Planthoppers and leafhoppers often look alike. The primary difference is: Correct! The shape and location of the antennae. Where the stylets arise from the head. Which vascular bundles are used for food. Size and shape of the hind legs.

Correct! The shape and location of the antennae.

Many landscape care companies avoid using Maujet and TreeTech micro-injectors because: Correct! The technician has to remain until all the material is injected. The tiny holes allow for disease infection. The plastic capsule can't be recycled. The insecticides and miticides move slowly in the vascular bundles.

Correct! The technician has to remain until all the material is injected.

The growing degree-day lower threshold is: Correct! The temperature, above which, an organism is developing. The temperature when physiological time will have to be reset. The hibernation temperature. The same for most insects, plants and fungi (pathogens).

Correct! The temperature, above which, an organism is developing.

The biggest issue with using traditional field crop IPM principles for something like gypsy moth on landscape trees is: Taking time to sample and determine if the population has reached the economic threshold level. Correct! The trees are "aesthetic crops" in landscapes. Oak trees are perennial plants. You can't put a value on oak trees!

Correct! The trees are "aesthetic crops" in landscapes.

If clover mites begin to enter a basement, the most appropriate place to spray the miticide is: Why spray, they will disappear when warm weather arrives! Any clover that is in the flower beds. Correct! The turfgrass around the house. The basement walls!!

Correct! The turfgrass around the house.

Why are whitefly parasitoids used for greenhouse vegetable production, but not for greenhouse bedding plant production? Vegetables are produced at higher temperatures. The bedding plants are produced too rapidly. The parasitoids get caught in the sticky hairs of bedding plants. Correct! The whiteflies don't get onto the vegetables to be harvested.

Correct! The whiteflies don't get onto the vegetables to be harvested.

Crayfish in the landscape are very difficult to control with pesticides because: Adults are resistant to most pesticides. Correct! Their burrows are connected to the water table. You need a special license to kill them. They simply push mud to seal up their burrow if they sense a pesticide.

Correct! Their burrows are connected to the water table.

Walking sticks seem to completely disappear some seasons, but return in other seasons. One good reason for this ability is: A fungal disease commonly attacks these insects in wetter than normal years. The nymphs and adults are so cryptic that low populations are simply missed. Correct! Their eggs can remain dormant for more than one year. A parasitic wasp takes them all out then there are not hosts for the wasp and the wasp dies out.

Correct! Their eggs can remain dormant for more than one year.

Why is it important to control Japanese beetle adult feeding as soon as possible? Correct! Their feeding damage attracts more beetles. The adults can transmit viral diseases through their contaminated mouthparts. The damage makes plants susceptible to diseases. Their damage can severely harm the health of plants.

Correct! Their feeding damage attracts more beetles.

The yellow popular weevil adults are unusual pit feeders because: The only attack plants once in the early spring. Correct! Their pits are often bean-shaped. The actually chew through the leaves to make distinctive holes. The also notch leaf margins.

Correct! Their pits are often bean-shaped.

White grubs are generally identified by using: Genetic markers and PCR analysis. Correct! Their raster patterns. Head capsule colors. Mandible shapes.

Correct! Their raster patterns.

Why should you delay treating aphid colonies if possible? When they build up large populations, they get fungal diseases. Correct! There are many predators and parasites that normally control these pests if given time. They will move to new hosts soon. They don't actually cause damage to the host plant.

Correct! There are many predators and parasites that normally control these pests if given time.

After applying a miticide to kill some twospotted spider mites, the plant grower looked at some treated leaves under a microscope to see if the mites had been killed. She said that she didn't see any active mites, but many mites remained. These were just sitting still and had their front legs conspicuously projecting forward and the hind legs projecting backward. What is going on? These are dormant females and a second treatment will be needed when cooler temperatures arrive. Correct! These are mites undergoing their molts and they may not have been killed! This is the normal reaction of spider mites when they die! These are hibernating mites and she will have to wait until warmer temperatures occur.

Correct! These are mites undergoing their molts and they may not have been killed!

The reason why ring porous trees are more susceptible to borer attack is: Correct! They are more easily girdled. The are more susceptible to vascular diseases vectored by borers. Their transport of water can't keep up with sap lost due to borer attack. They rely on casting out borers rather than defensive chemcials.

Correct! They are more easily girdled.

Why can defoliators be difficult to identify? It is difficult to distinguish between caterpillars and sawflies! black across the wingtip There are so many species that defoliate, it's impossible to know them all! Most do very little damage that isn't noticed. Correct! They are often "hit artists!" They arrive at random, do their damage, and pupate.

Correct! They are often "hit artists!" The arrive at random, do their damage and pupate.

When a new generation of bark beetles emerge, you can tell that they are bark beetle holes because: The branch or tree will suddenly wilt at the same time. "Toothpicks" are presesnt on the bark. Correct! They are small and perfectly round. Pitch or sap flows from holes in an oval pattern.

Correct! They are small and perfectly round.

Both cyclamen and broad mites are very difficult to control on bedding plants, primarily because: There aren't any pesticides that kill these unusual arthropods. They have dormant eggs and nymphs. Correct! They are so tiny and are active in tight folds of developing plant shoots and leaves. All of these.

Correct! They are so tiny and are active in tight folds of developing plant shoots and leaves.

Why is it not recommended to control the spiny elm caterpillar? Correct! They are the larvae of the mourning cloak butterfly! Predators will pick them off before they finish development. They actually help keep trashy elms from growing! They can drop from plants when sprayed and their spiny hairs can sting anyone under the tree.

Correct! They are the larvae of the mourning cloak butterfly!

Anthranilic diamides have very low mammalian toxicity because: Insects have codine receptors. The sodium-potassium pump of insect nerves is different than mammalian nerves. They are easily metabolized by our stomachs, so they don't reach the nerves. Correct! They attack ryanodine receptors of insects.

Correct! They attack ryanodine receptors of insects.

Plant borers are considered to be Key Pests because: What? They rarely cause much damage and wouldn't be a Key Pest!! Correct! They can kill their host plants, and often do! They often introduce diseases into infested plants. They are difficult to key out in identification keys.

Correct! They can kill their host plants, and often do!

Why is it not recommended to apply an insecticide to control third instar green June beetle grubs? The grubs are too deep in their borrows for the insecticide to be effective. Correct! They die on the soil surface and stink! You are likely to kill their parasite, Scola dubia. All of these.

Correct! They die on the soil surface and stink!

Male agromyzid leafminers generally don't live very long because: Correct! They don't have an ovipositor! That's just the nature of flies! Males emerge, mate and die. They grow faster in the mine and don't make a big fat body. What? The males usually live as long as the females!!

Correct! They don't have an ovipositor!

How do eastern tent caterpillars find their tents? They rub frass on branches and follow the odor. Correct! They follow trails of silk. They lay down a pheromone trail. They can see the white nests which easily stand out on the branches.

Correct! They follow trails of silk.

It appears that the main reason why katydid and tree cricket damage is rarely noticed is because: They feed only in the fall when foliage is turning brown anyway. There are very few of them because they eat each other when encounters occur. They feed only in the tops of trees where it can't be seen. Correct! They move about quite a bit on their food plants.

Correct! They move about quite a bit on their food plants.

A homeowner called to complain that they had boxelder bugs on the side of their home and even after removing two boxelder trees along their fence line, they still had the bugs. The most likely reason for this is: The bugs are attracted to light surfaces and can fly long distances. Correct! They probably also have red and/or silver maples in their landscape or near the house! They were mistaking the boxelder bugs for stink bugs! They probably had hedge maples around the house.

Correct! They probably also have red and/or silver maples in their landscape or near the house!

How do most of the leafrolling, folding, or tying caterpillars feed? They make pit-holes in the leaves. Complete defoliation. Correct! They skeletonize the leaf surface. They make windowpanes.

Correct! They skeletonize the leaf surface.

Many borers are primarily nuisance pests, but they can become key pests when: Correct! They transmit diseases. The tree is severely stressed. They attack young trees. Two borers are involved.

Correct! They transmit diseases.

The boxwood leafminer is most easily controlled in October and November because: Neonic systemic insecticides are picked up by the plants more efficiently in the fall. The boxwood leaves are softer at this time. Correct! This is the longest time that the larvae are actively feeding. Contact insecticides can be used at this time to target egg-laying females.

Correct! This is the longest time that the larvae are actively feeding.

A maple tree had a fairly large lateral branch that had died. When the branch was cut and hit the ground, some bark fell off and several elongate beetle larvae were found. When the larvae were taken to an entomologist, he said that they looked like the red-headed ash borer larvae which are Cerambycidae longhorned beetles. The most likely reason these borers were in the tree is because roundheaded borers of this family are known to do what? This species attacks a wide range of healthy hardwood trees. What? The entomologist obviously made a mistake! The tree was really an ash tree, not a maple! Correct! This longhorned beetle infests a wide range of recently killed hardwoods.

Correct! This longhorned beetle infests a wide range of recently killed hardwoods.

Why is the sine way method of calculating growing degree-days more important for pests that are active relatively early in the season? It helps account for those inverse temperature days when the night temperature is higher than the day temperature. Correct! This method captures the degree-day units even when only a small part of the day is above the threshold temperature. What? It isn't any more accurate than the average method! Sine way method uses an earlier start date.

Correct! This method captures the degree-day units even when only a small part of the day is above the threshold temperature.

Why do gall experts think that jumping oak galls jump? To attract birds who eat them and transport them to new locations. Correct! To move the gall into a protected overwintering site. To amuse children and adults alike! To keep ants from collecting them and taking them to the ant nests.

Correct! To move the gall into a protected overwintering site.

The vase majority of leafrollers, folders and tiers are in this family of moths: Gelechiidae Correct! Tortricidae Noctuidae Arctiidae

Correct! Tortricidae

Pine sawyer beetles only infest dead or dying pines, but they actually create dead or dying pine trees by: Adults chewing a girdling channel in the bark. Maturation feeding that strips off sufficient bark to girdle the tree. Accidentally vectoring Verticicladiella, the white fungus diseases. Correct! Transmitting the pine wilt nematode during adult maturation feeding.

Correct! Transmitting the pine wilt nematode during adult maturation feeding.

The rose rosette mite causes damage to roses by: Its feeding causes "rosettes" or "witchesbrooms" of the foliage. Causing flower buds to drop before opening. Correct! Transmitting the rose rosette virus. Its feeding causing russeting of the foliage.

Correct! Transmitting the rose rosette virus.

The plant's phloem tissues are responsible for: Protect plants from borers by sequestering toxins. Transport vitamins and minerals up the plant. Correct! Transporting sugars up AND down the plant. Transport sugar and water up the plant.

Correct! Transporting sugars up AND down the plant.

To protect recently transplanted oaks and honeylocust trees from Agrilis borers, your instructor strongly suggests: Correct! Treating the trees with an effective systemic for two years after transplant. Watering and fertilizing the trees for three years after transplant. Wrapping the tunks with tree wrap for the first year. Not using these trees in landscapes!

Correct! Treating the trees with an effective systemic for two years after transplant.

Masses of pavement ants are often found on sidewalks or driveways during the summer. These large number of ants are: Attacking earthworms which are used for food. Correct! Two colonies battling for territory. Swarming and releasing new queens. Simply enjoying the sun!

Correct! Two colonies battling for territory.

The recommended level of mulch to be used in the landscape is: Dependent on the material used. As much as you can afford! There can never be too much. Best piled up within an 18-inch radius around established trees. Correct! Two to three inches.

Correct! Two to three inches.

Agrilis borer larvae can always be separated from small longhorned borers by the presence of: Correct! Urogomphi. Prolegs with crochets. Prolegs without crochets. Row of prothoracic spines.

Correct! Urogomphi.

Yellowjackets can be rather dangerous to encounter, especially later in the season. The best way to take out their nests is to: Call an exterminator because you can't kill yellowjackets legally. Quickly pour a large pan of boiling water down their hole. Correct! Use a bee suit and treat the nests. Pour gasoline down the hole at night, light it and run.

Correct! Use a bee suit and treat the nests.

Today, the most efficient way to deal with nuisance ants is to: Find the nests and inject them with insecticide. Make sure there is no water or sugars remaining on cabinet surfaces. Calk around the foundation and repair door seals. Correct! Use appropriate baits.

Correct! Use appropriate baits.

The most efficient monitoring tool to detect whiteflies IN greenhouses is: Use of yellow soap pans. Use of a light trap. Correct! Use of yellow sticky cards. Tapping all the plants to see if anything flies out.

Correct! Use of yellow sticky cards.

Cicada males make their calls by: Using a rasp on the pronotum that rubs on the wing bases. Stridulating their wings. Raking their legs against their wings. Correct! Using abdominal tymbals.

Correct! Using abdominal tymbals.

As we continue managing our urban landscapes, which of the tactics is most likely going to yield long-term success? Spend more time monitoring. Correct! Using more resistant and tolerent plants (Cultural Control) Using softer insecticides/miticides (Chemical Control) Releasing more parasites and predators (Biological Control)

Correct! Using more resistant and tolerent plants (Cultural Control)

Chinch bugs are easy to diagnose by: Watching for adults walking across the sidewalks. Correct! Using the "hands and knees" technique of looking in the thatch. Using a detergent flushing agent. Observing the yellowing of grass stems.

Correct! Using the "hands and knees" technique of looking in the thatch.

Diseases and borers attacking a pine can cause copious pitch flow. The best way to tell the difference is that pitch flow from borers will: Be cloudy. Correct! Usually contain frass pellets. Will be clear with white streaks. Contain the exoskeletons of the larvae.

Correct! Usually contain frass pellets.

For the vast number of landscape insect and mite pests, the most efficient sampling method is: Correct! Visual inspections, hands and eyes. Beating sheet. Blacklight traps. Pheromone traps.

Correct! Visual inspections, hands and eyes.

Most leafrollers are caterpillars except for one that attacks live oak leaves. That leafroller is a: Tree cricket. Leaf beetle. Correct! Weevil. Sawfly larva.

Correct! Weevil.

The most common leaf notchers found in urban landscapes are: Correct! Weevils. Caterpillars. Flea beetles. Sawflies.

Correct! Weevils.

Which of the following clearwing borers regularly takes two years to complete its development? Viburnum borer. Correct! Western poplar clearwing. Rhododendron borer. Maple callous clearwing.

Correct! Western poplar clearwing.

Grasshoppers occasionally have outbreaks and they can significantly defoliate landscape plants. What environmental conditions tend to cause these outbreaks? Warmer than normal winters. Hotter and dryer summers. Correct! Wetter than normal spring conditions. Wet soils in the fall that allow for egg laying.

Correct! Wetter than normal spring conditions.

The vast majority of planthoppers damage plants by: Transmitting bacterial diseases. Transmitting viral diseases. Correct! What? Most cause no significant damage to host plants! Covering plant foliage with honeydew.

Correct! What? Most cause no significant damage to host plants!

Under what conditions will root weevil larvae girdle a plant? When plant beds are irrigated. When all three species are present at the same time. When mulch is not used. Correct! When saturated soils occur during the winter and spring.

Correct! When saturated soils occur during the winter and spring.

The hemlock woolly adelgid is best controlled with systemic insecticides applied: In August to target the summer nymphs. When the nymphs of the sistens generation settle. Correct! When the nymphs of the progrediens generation settle. At anytime during the year as all stages feed.

Correct! When the nymphs of the progrediens generation settle.

The best evidence that a particular species of leafhopper is a mesophyll feeder is: Bronzing. Tarspots. Hopperburn on leaf tips. Correct! White or yellow flecking on the leaves.

Correct! White or yellow flecking on the leaves.

The viburnum borer looks very much like the dogwood borer except the viburnum borer as: Correct! White tips on its antennae. Four yellow bands on the abdomen instead of three. What? They are virtually identical, they just fly at different times of the year with viburnum borer adults flying in July, not May and June! Yellow stripes on the thorax.

Correct! White tips on its antennae.

Not only are boxwood psyllids plant pests, but they can also be nuisance pests as they: Get into homes in the fall. Swarm under lights at night. Are attracted to CO2 coming from one's breath. Correct! Will bite people if they land on the skin.

Correct! Will bite people if they land on the skin.

When a female soft scale has settled on a leaf or stem that dies before she lays eggs she will: Correct! Withdraw her mouthparts and move to a new location. Still produce eggs though fewer in number, then die. Die and not be able to lay eggs. Stop producing honeydew, but still produce eggs.

Correct! Withdraw her mouthparts and move to a new location.

Why does your instructor think that covering ornamentals pests taxonomically is a poor method? Memorizing all the taxonomic endings and groups is too difficult! Some families of insects actually have several pest groups that do different things. Correct! You won't find the pests taxonomically in the field! Everyone is going molecular-genetics!

Correct! You won't find the pests taxonomically in the field!

Which of the following is NOT an arthropod characteristic? Segments arranged into tagmata. Segmented body with chitinous exoskeleton. Paired, jointed appendages on many segments. Dorsal nerve cord.

Dorsal nerve cord.

Spiders have their chelicerae modified into: Fangs Sex organs for sperm transfer Chelate pinchers Mouth hooks

Fangs

Crustaceans, even terrestrial species, respire using: Book gills. Gills attached to the leg bases. Book lungs. Trachea.

Gills attached to the leg bases.

Voles commonly damage landscape plants by: Digging around the root system to make their nests. Stunting plant growth because of their strong urine. Correct! Girdling the plants in the winter. Girdling the plants in the summer.

Girdling

Millipedes: Have two pairs of legs per visible trunk segment. Have two pair of antennae Generally eat living plant leaves. All of these!

Have two pairs of legs per visible trunk segment.

Spiders are easily separated from ticks and daddy-long-legs by: Having unsegmented abdomens. The numbers of legs. Having chelate pedipalps. Having a narrow constriction between the cephalothorax and abdomen

Having a narrow constriction between the cephalothorax and abdomen

Where would you expect to find the nymph of a true bug? On a leaf. In leaf litter. In the same environment as the adult! In the soil.

In the same environment as the adult!

Landscaping around homes generally: Increases its value to potential buyers. Uses a lot of water and fertilizer resources that would be better used in agriculture. Costs a lot to maintain and provides few benefits. Is considered to be a headache for most home owners.

Increases its value to potential buyers.

Which of the following stages is NOT found in an insect with an incomplete life cycle? Egg Nymph Larva Adult

Larva

Slugs are: Hermaphrodites. Molluscs. Basically snails without shells. Correct! All of these.

Molluscs.

Most of the soft scales that attack North American trees and shrubs have one generation per year and they release their crawlers in: Correct! May to June. July into August. August and September. March and April.

Most of the soft scales that attack North American trees and shrubs have one generation per year and they release their crawlers in: Correct! May to June. July into August. August and September. March and April.

Arthropod species represent: About a quarter of the species of living organisms. About a third of the species of living organisms. Over half of the known species of living organisms. Nearly 90% of the known living species of organisms.

Over half of the known species of living organisms.

What common arthropod appendage is missing in chelicerates? Paired antennae Segmented thoracic legs Paired chelicerae Paired pedipalps

Paired antennae

How can you distinguish between a plant-feeding mite and a predatory mite? Plant-feeding mites always produce silk. Plant-feeding mites are always green. Predatory mites are generally much more active! Predatory mites always have long front legs.

Predatory mites are generally much more active!

The form that the insect takes between molts is called: The stadium. A stage. A larva. The instar.

The instar.

One of the major reasons why mandibulates are more successful than chelicerates is: They are live mainly on land surfaces. They can now chew solid foods. They can fly. The have more complicated life cycles.

They can now chew solid foods.

Which of the following is likely the most biodiverse habitat (in terms of species of plants found)? Secondary forest. Urban and suburban landscapes. Primary subtropical forest. North American prairie.

Urban and suburban landscapes.

What would NOT be an ornamental plant environmental benefit? converting carbon dioxide to sugars and oxygen. increasing water runoff after a rain. sequestering and removing pollution. reducing sunlight glare.

increasing water runoff after a rain.