environmental science a - unit 4: biodiversity

what is an invasive species on the island of guam?

brown tree snakes

what effect do zebra mussels have on the food web of the ecosystem of the great lakes?

they decrease available food for fish.

what factors can cause loss of biodiversity in an ecosystem? select all that apply.

a change in climate habitat fragmentation the introduction of an invasive species

which statement best defines "species"?

a group of potentially interbreeding organisms that have the ability to produce fertile offspring

what is a genetic disorder?

a health problem caused by an abnormality in the genetic makeup of an organism

which statement best defines "natural selection"?

a process by which individuals that carry advantageous traits survive and produce offspring

which statement best defines "gene?"

a section of dna that controls a trait

many years ago, an earthquake occurred. the development of a large crevice kept two populations of the same species of squirrels apart. eventually, a new species of squirrels emerged on one side of the crevice. which method of speciation does this describe?

allopatric

which is a method of speciation due to isolation?

allopatric

what is an invasive species?

an organism that is not native to a particular area

which defines invasive species?

an organism that is not native to a particular area

what economic issues should be considered during conservation? select all that apply.

are hybrid organisms an affordable strategy? what money should be spent protecting endangered species?

the endangered species act was passed in 1972. what does this act help protect?

at-risk species and their habitats

which statement explains how biodiversity arises?

biodiversity arises from speciation, in which new species of organisms emerge.

lesson 20

biodiversity crisis

lesson 18

biodiversity loss

what is a mutation?

change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome

how did the industrial revolution lead to an increase in air pollution?

coal burning in factories released a lot of smoke, dust, and chemicals.

how has hybridization affected the endangered spotted owl in washington State?

competition and hybridization from barred owls have caused the spotted owl to become endangered.

which statement best defines "variation"?

different appearances in organisms of the same species

which questions address social issues about conservation? select all that apply.

does protecting a species cause difficulty in a society? can protecting a species add to the amount of hunting and wildlife viewing?

lesson 19

endangered species

what are endangered species?

endangered species are any species in danger of going extinct in a specific area or worldwide.

which factors decrease biodiversity?

extinction and human impact

which organisms are endangered? select all that apply.

garry oak california condor

what is a section of dna that controls a trait called?

gene

how are genes for a trait normally inherited?

genes for a trait are passed down from the parents and inherited by the offspring.

what are some effects of inbreeding?

genetic disorders and less genetic variation

what is an advantage to using hybridization in endangered species conservation efforts?

hybridization might allow scientists to get new genes into a population to help it adapt more quickly.

what term means to cross two different varieties or species?

hybridize

how could hybridization affect endangered species?

hybrids might introduce genes into endangered species, and these genes could help them survive.

what does an increase in the growth of toxic algae bloom caused by zebra mussels in the great lakes lead to? select all that apply.

increased death rate of marine organisms a depletion in the oxygen levels of the water aquatic plants not getting enough sunlight for growth

when environments are highly unstable and changing rapidly, what happens to the natural selection of a species?

individuals with advantageous traits that help them adapt to the changes will go on to reproduce, and the population will evolve to survive in the new environment.

medium ground finches on the galapagos islands eat a variety of seeds. some finches have larger beaks and can eat harder, larger seeds. some finches have smaller beaks and can eat smaller, softer seeds. when droughts occur, the smaller and softer seeds are no longer available. how will natural selection affect the population of medium ground finches when faced with prolonged drought? select all that apply.

individuals with larger beaks will survive at higher rates individuals with small beaks will die at higher rates the frequency of large beaks in the population will increase.

what are possible causes of biodiversity loss? select all that apply.

introducing a new species of snake to a habitat that does not have snakes constructing a new multi-lane highway as a shortcut through a tropical rainforest an area experiencing hotter and rainier weather than it previously did over a prolonged period of years

which are ethical questions regarding conservation? select all that apply.

is it right to create hybrids to save a species? should we allow species to disappear due to climate change?

why is genetic variation important?

it allows species to better adapt to environmental changes.

which of these is a likely application of a gene drive?

it can be used to eliminate an invasive species.

which are ethical issues that surround conservation? select all that apply.

it may be unknown how hybridized organisms impact other species around them. it may be unfair to choose which organisms should go extinct and which organisms should be saved.

which of these statements explains the working of a gene drive?

it utilizes crispr to copy dna from one chromosome to another.

what is the significance of genetic variation?

leads to speciation

which statements most accurately reflect aspects of differential reproductive success? select all that apply.

more fit individuals have higher survival and reproduction rates. individuals who reproduce pass their traits on to their offspring.

which statements about overproduction with regard to reproduction are true? select all that apply.

more offspring are produced than can survive, which helps guarantee that at least some individuals survive overproduction ensures that some individuals survive and go on to reproduce; this is known as reproductive success.. the reproductive success resulting from overproduction means at least some offspring will have the same successful traits as their parents.

lesson 16

natural selection

match each term related to a reduction in a population's biodiversity with the correct description of the term.

overhunting : continuously chasing and killing animals in the wild invasive species : competes with native organisms for food overpopulation : no natural predators so a species reproduces rapidly pollution : introduction of excess nutrients to an ecosystem habitat fragmentation : natural home of plants and animals becomes divided

what are some political issues with conservation? select all that apply.

people may view the protection of organisms differently and group together. people may oppose different conservation viewpoints and petition or rally against those people.

what are the roles of birds in the great lakes ecosystem? select all that apply.

predators consumers

what are some causes of species diversity?

reproductive isolation and mutations

how does biodiversity increase?

slowly over time, by speciation

which statement best explains why genetic variation is significant?

some individuals have traits that give them a competitive advantage, increasing their ability to survive and reproduce.

which statement best defines "fitness?"

the ability of some individuals to be better suited for survival and reproduction

what does the endangered species act do?

the act protects endangered species and their habitat.

which of these statements is correct for a gene drive?

the altered gene will be inherited more than 50% of the time.

lesson 17

the gene pool

what is a native species?

the original species occupying an area

what is habitat fragmentation?

the process in which a larger habitat gets divided into smaller habitats

which best describe how the biodiversity of a species' population might become reduced? select all that apply.

the species becomes prey to another new species. the species becomes separated from its primary food source.

what is the significance of high genetic variation in a species?

the species that has a wide variety of traits is more likely to survive, reproduce, and thrive as time passes.

what is biodiversity?

the variety of organisms at all levels in an ecosystem

what is the traditional role native zooplankton play in the great lakes ecosystem?

they are food for fish.

which is true of endangered species?

they are in danger of going extinct.

what roles do native algae play in the great lakes ecosystem? select all that apply.

they produce oxygen. they remove carbon dioxide. they are the base of the food web.

what is inbreeding?

when two closely related individuals reproduce