environmental science test 3
Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. if eaten, the producer would prove about _____ Kilograms of primary consumer issue that would provide about _____ Kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer
1;0.1
it takes 8kg of grain to produce which of the following
1kg of beef
Which of the following sequences is an example of exponential growth rate?
2,4,8,16
The zero population growth rate in the more highly developed countries is_____ children
2.1
at the current rate of fish harvesting the world fisheries will be exhausted by the year
2050
a population growing at 2% per year should double in about ____ years
35
an ecosystem consists of
A biological community and its physical environment
Tolerance limits are____ that limit a species' survival
Any environmental conditions
Biomagnifcation is a concentration of toxins
As predators consume and store toxins stored in the bodies of their prey
The basic principles of science include wish of the followng
B and C are both correct Science provides absolute proof that a theory is correct when two explanation are reasonable the simplest is generally correct
what aquatic ecosystem phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram?
Bertical stratification
Manual selection will ultimately make a species
Better adapted to its environment
Evolution occurs as a result of
Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic
Biomass includes all
Biological material
Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on _____ to release chemical energy.
Cellular respiration; cellular respiration
annual ro crops such as _____ cause the highest erosion rates because ____
Corn and beans ; sil is left bare for the majority of the year
A species can withstand a wide range of pH as an adult but the juveniles can only withstand a narrow range of pH. The abiotic facto, pH, would best be described as
Critical factor
if the pH of the water in a pond goes from 4.5 to 5.5 the hydrogen ion concentration of the pond has
Decreased 10 fold
widespread starvation is an example of _______ population control.
Density-dependent
Endocrine disruptors
Disrupt normal hormone functions
Living vegetation and the oceans are known as "carbon sinks" because
Due to gravity carbon is found closer to the ground
Teratogens cause abnormal growth specifically in
Embryos
which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the earths ecosystems
Energy
the acronym that stands for habitat destruction invasive species pollution human population and over harvesting is
HIPPO
_____ energy is energy in moving objects whereas ________ energy is stored energy.
Kinetic; Potential
a fat or oil is to a ____ as an enzyme is to a ______
Lipid; protein
which of the following textural classification is most suited for agricultural production
Loam
Experiments in which conditions are deliberately altered and all other variables remain constant are known as______ experaments
Manipulative experiments
Abundance describes the total number of ___ while diversity describes the number of _____
Organisms in a community; species in a community
which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?
Phosphorous cycle
Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel cartoons silent spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by
Placing more emphasis on pollution problems
Many ecologist think of ecosystems even the earth as a super organism because it systems appear to be
Self regulation and self stabilizing
A group of individuals of a particular type that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and produce live, fertile offspring is called a
Species
This years snow pack in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is the driest its been in the past 500 years. How did scientist reach this conclusion
They evaluated oak tree rings
a species that is naturally rare or has ben depleted to dangerous levels is known according to the Endangered Species Act as a ____ species
Threatened
The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that
Under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created not destroyed
Apple recently made an environmental upgrade to their iPhones. According to the new article presents in class, what upgrades where made and what is the end result
Use of aluminum phone enclosures; reduced carbon footprint investments i hydroelectric power BOTH A AND B
Photosynthesis produces surfers from
Water carbon dioxide and energy
pragmatic conservationists, including Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest conservation in order to protect
Woods jobs and recreation for people
there is a gaping crack the length of six football fields due to a landslide. where is it located?
Wyoming
which of the following is the most correct definition of soil
a complex of minerals that provide energy for plant growth
how many species have been identified on earth
a little more than 1.5 million
a broad spectrum biocide is designed to kill
a wide range of living organisms
in a population whose mortality and natality are balanced there are
about the number of old and young
as a rule near the earths not and south poles
abundance is high and diversity is low
allergens are substances that
activate the immune system
Toxicity that generally results from a single exposure
acute
When organic nitrogen such as protein is added to soil denitrification of nitrogen in the protein will occur when conditions are
aerobic followed by anerabic
____founded the wilderness Society, authored a sand county almanac and argued for stewardship of the land
aldo leopold
according to a report for th new your times britain is planning on closing all coal fired power plants and replacing these with
all of the above
resource partitioning leads species to
all of the above
an r adapted strategy of population growth includes a tendency for
all of the above little parental care and protection production of many organisms to have short lives and grow rapidly
semi dwarf wheat differs from conventional wheat in which of the following ways
all of the above are correct higher yields resists lodging responds better to fertilizer and water
which of the following is true about aquaculture crops
all of the above are correct supplies half the seafood eaten globally a third of the wild fish caught
populations are most critically limited by
all of these
with of the following is an example of a specialization that plants in the desert may have?
all of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions
which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity in humans
all of these are benefits of bio diversity
Which of the following cannot be found in soil
all of these are found in soil
what environmental factor does not change between b and e in the diagram?
all of these change between b and e
tropical seasonal forests are special adapted to tolerate
anual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain
the biome type that has a short growing season and is summer feeding and breeding and breeding grounds for caribou and musk-ox is the
arctic tundra
Hazardous substances _____ while toxins are_____
are dangerous substances' poisonous substances
Genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes
are necessary for a population to evolve in a changing environment
Wetlands are biomes that
are wet at least some of the year
biodiversity hot spots are
areas that contain at least 1500 endemic species and have lost 70% of their habitat
the total number of living species is
between 3million and 50 million
Which of the following is are true about microplastics
both a and c
The conservation of matter principle states that matter
can neither be created no destroyed.
The distinction between an organic compound and an inorganic compound is that organic compounds contain
carbon
environment can be defined as
circumstances or conditions all the biotic and abiotic external conditions ALL OF THE ABOVE
soil organisms usually stay _________ the soil
close to the surface of
in the scenario which of the following has the highest species richness
community a
The pesticide treadmill occurs whens
constantly increasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pest
cloud forests are found in _____ areas in tropical regions
cool mountainous
habitat fragmentation usually leads to a
decrease in biodiversity
which of the following would have nearly 0 topsoil
deserts
extinction is a term used when all members of a species
die
an especial effective stagey for reducing inrtaspecific competition is
different ecological niches for juveniles and adults
historically up until the middle ages, populations where mostly limited by
disease, famine, and war
a species with an imminent danger of extinction is classified as
endangered
an interdisciplinary study of how humanity affects other living organisms and the nonliving physical environment is a definition of
environmental science
Malthus argued that ____ is the ultimate cause of social and environmental problems ad marx argued that population growth _____ social and environmental problems.
excess population growth ; results from
people can suffer from malnourishment if they consume large amounts of ______ instead of ______
fat and sugar, vitamins and proteins
the green revolution began out of a need to do which of the following
feed those in india and Pakistan who were suffering from great famines
Island biogeography explains the phenomenon of ______ terrestrial species on islands small and far from the mainland when compared to larger islands that are closer to the mainland and have ____ terrestrial species
fewer; more
conservation and wildlife managers use gap analysis to
find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species
which of the following do not describe the status of the worlds wild fisheries
fish farming has allowed wild fish to recover
a simple linked feeding series such as corn-chicken-human is known as a
food chain
high responder crops in the green revolution produce tremendous yields
in response to fertilizers pesticides and irrigation
The objective of a species recovery plan is to
increase an endangered species until it is not endangered any more
which of the following is not a risk associated with intensive food production
increased yeilds
most of the species that are still undiscovered are probably
invertebrates
anemia is a common disease resulting in a shortage of dietary
iron
in developed countries the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from
irrigation, increased fertilization and new crop varieties
productivity in an ecosystem has to do with
its rate of producing biomass
in the real world many factors determine the number of organisms in any one population yet a superbly with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?
j shaped growth curve
an ld50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that
kills half of the population
which are two common diseases that result from protein deficiencies
marasmus and kwashiorkor
infraspecific competition is conetition among _____ for resources.
members of a single species
The conservison of organic chemical form to inorganic chemical forms is defined as
mineralization
if there is no migration the size of a population is limited solely by interaction between
natality and mortality
the saying the dose makes that poison means that
nearly anything can be toxic at low levels
ecological diversity is a measure of the number of
niches, trophic levels and ecological process of biological community
dennis finds himself sweating in a moist forest but there aren't many streams or wetlands, he is amazed by the tremendous amount of biodiversity including an abundance of biting mosquitoes. Has he inadvertently gotten closer to his goal of finding a boreal forest
no the description is that of a tropical rain forest
which communities have the same species evenness
none of the communities have evenness
people who subsist on cassava, potatoes and white rice
often receive insufficient protein
if solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true>
oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body
primary successions occurs when a community develops _____ while secondary succession occurs when one _____
on unoccupied ground; biological connumity replaces abouther
in a commensal relationship
one species benefits while the other other neither super nor benifits
a threatened species may be extinct or near extinction
only in the distant future
wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in
open arid regions
if an ecosystem exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings it would be referred to as an
open system
what would you label the range of temperature from 95-96 for this particular species in the scenario?
optimal range
topsoil contains predominantly
organic material
which of the following is not an invasive species
passenger pigeon
historically the greatest threats to human health came from
pathogenic organisms
an important role of crp is to
pay farmers to take highly erodible land out of production
crude birth rates are measured in terms of the number of children born
per 1000 people each year
most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon
personal biases and preferences as well as logic
the main reason for continued trade in endanger species are
pet lovers and collectors who like exotic species
the term fecundity refers to an organisms_____ while fertility is ____
physical ability to reproduce;; actual number of offspring produced
the world health organization regards health as primarily a matter of ____ well being.
physical meal and social
location of specific biomes can be predicted based on
precipitation and temperature
most of the livestock in north america are
raised in CAFO's
according to the Harvard food pyramid which of the following should be eaten sparingly
red meat
name two possible new crops being studied today
red rice winged bean
density independent population control factors cause mortality
regardless of population size
highly persistent toxic chemicals
retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment
the three crops that humans rely on are
rice corn and wheat
the parent material of a soil is composed of weathered
rock fragments
which of the following types of population curves would best represent a group of elephants that enter a new, open habitat and become a stable part of that ecosystem
s shaped curve
why is it useful to classify pesticides by their chemical structure
similar chemical structures often relate to similar toxicological characteristics
boreal forests are generally
slow growing because of the cold temperatures
complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of
species at each trophic level
in evaluating the interactions of two chemicals that have an adverse impact on a specific organism
synergistic
Networks of interdependent components and processes with material flowing from one component to another are known as
systems
which of the following is an infraspecific interaction
territoriality
caring capacity is the population
that an environment can support on a long term basis
an organisms biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring
that survive to adult hood
Food security has to do with
the ability of a population to obtain food on a day to day basis
the process that happens when pesticide residues evaporate from soil and water in warm areas and then condense in and precipitate in colder regions is called
the grasshopper effect
DDT accumulation in north american eagles , pelicans and other birds disrupted
thin eggshells
which of the following is an abiotic population control mechanism
water shortages
the main reason there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endanger species is because
we consider other groups to be more interesting and desirable.
there is an intent in using led lights to improve the production of which of the following
weed
the graph above indicates that more children die
when their mothers are illiterate
What would you ladle the range of temperature for 90 to 94 for this particular species
zone of physiological stress
which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
All insects have six legs these butterflies have six legs, therefore these butterflies are insects.
biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
All living things have equal importance in the biosphere
Sustainable development means
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs
legumes are plants whose roots contain bacteria that can fix _____ and naturally fertilize the plant
Nitrogen
If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true?
Oil soluble compounds accumulate int he body
Pesticide resistance occurs when a population of pests
genetically changes through natural selection and is no longer affected by the chemicals
the population represented by the age class histogram on the right will
grow substantially in the future
Logistic growth rates are those in which a population
grows rapidly when conditions are good then slows down as it approaches caring capacity
Rill erosion can lead to
gully erosion
the main reason for the high levels of animal extinction is
habitat destruction world wide
the histogram on the left represents a population whose birth rates
have recently decreased
deciduous forests
have trees that shed their leaves seasonally
The demographic transition refers to a country change from
high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
the stratified horizontal layer of soil are called
horizons