Enzymes (mini quiz)

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a protein is...

a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in cells

the energy needed to get a reaction to happen is called the....

activation energy

what increases rate of reactions?

add more enzyme, add more substrate, adjust pH/temp to optimal level

___ is for ___ and ___ is for ____

ase, enzymes, ose, sugar

substrate

binds to the enzyme at the active site

allosteric inhibitor

block active site and prevent enzyme from functioning

chemical reactions ____ ____ a larger compound

break down

chemical reactions

breaking bonds and making new bonds

energy is stored in

chemical bonds, so fat has more energy to be released than glucose bc fat contains more chemical bonds

organic catalysts

chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms

raising/lowering temp will....

decrease the rate of reaction

before a polymer can enter a cell, it must first be

digested into monomers

before a large molecule can enter a cell, it must be

digested into smaller molecules to pass through

without coenzymes....

enzymes couldn't attach to substrate

what do enzymes do to the activation energy to speed up chemical reactions?

enzymes lower the activation energy inside, so they have more energy to react outside

what's a protein's shape and function determined by?

function determined by shape, shape determined by sequence of amino acids

adding more enzyme will....

increase the rate of reaction until the rate remains constant

adding more substrate will...

increase the rate of reaction until the rate remains constant

inhibitors

molecules reduce rates reaction for enzymes by binding to the protein and either blocking the spot where the substrate will bind or making the enzymes shape incompatible with the substrate. deactivate (temporarily or permanently) enzyme

cofactor

nonprotein component of enzyme. either organic molecule (coenzyme) or inorganic ion.

enzyme-substrate relationship often referred to as "Lock and Key" because

only one enzyme fits one substrate, meaning each enzyme carries out a specific function

_______ are digested into smaller molecules, which can be synthesized into fats, starch, protein and DNA

organic molecules

what affects enzyme rate of reaction?

pH and temperature

prosthetic groups

permanently attached to complete enzymes catalytic properties

endothermic

reaction that absorbs heat

exothermic

reaction that gives off heat

The way a protein molecule is folded determines the...

shape of the molecule

noncompetitive inhibitor

slow down reaction rate

what happens if an enzyme is placed in a pH or temperature that is outside the optimal range?

the enzyme gets denatured

the active site is

the place where the substrate fits into the enzyme

coenzyme

this molecule binds to protein strands instead of the enzyme, changing its shape so that the enzyme is ready to receive substrate molecule. detach after reaction; temporary

true or false: enzymes are reusable because they do not change shape after a reaction occurs.

true


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