Enzymes (mini quiz)
a protein is...
a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in cells
the energy needed to get a reaction to happen is called the....
activation energy
what increases rate of reactions?
add more enzyme, add more substrate, adjust pH/temp to optimal level
___ is for ___ and ___ is for ____
ase, enzymes, ose, sugar
substrate
binds to the enzyme at the active site
allosteric inhibitor
block active site and prevent enzyme from functioning
chemical reactions ____ ____ a larger compound
break down
chemical reactions
breaking bonds and making new bonds
energy is stored in
chemical bonds, so fat has more energy to be released than glucose bc fat contains more chemical bonds
organic catalysts
chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms
raising/lowering temp will....
decrease the rate of reaction
before a polymer can enter a cell, it must first be
digested into monomers
before a large molecule can enter a cell, it must be
digested into smaller molecules to pass through
without coenzymes....
enzymes couldn't attach to substrate
what do enzymes do to the activation energy to speed up chemical reactions?
enzymes lower the activation energy inside, so they have more energy to react outside
what's a protein's shape and function determined by?
function determined by shape, shape determined by sequence of amino acids
adding more enzyme will....
increase the rate of reaction until the rate remains constant
adding more substrate will...
increase the rate of reaction until the rate remains constant
inhibitors
molecules reduce rates reaction for enzymes by binding to the protein and either blocking the spot where the substrate will bind or making the enzymes shape incompatible with the substrate. deactivate (temporarily or permanently) enzyme
cofactor
nonprotein component of enzyme. either organic molecule (coenzyme) or inorganic ion.
enzyme-substrate relationship often referred to as "Lock and Key" because
only one enzyme fits one substrate, meaning each enzyme carries out a specific function
_______ are digested into smaller molecules, which can be synthesized into fats, starch, protein and DNA
organic molecules
what affects enzyme rate of reaction?
pH and temperature
prosthetic groups
permanently attached to complete enzymes catalytic properties
endothermic
reaction that absorbs heat
exothermic
reaction that gives off heat
The way a protein molecule is folded determines the...
shape of the molecule
noncompetitive inhibitor
slow down reaction rate
what happens if an enzyme is placed in a pH or temperature that is outside the optimal range?
the enzyme gets denatured
the active site is
the place where the substrate fits into the enzyme
coenzyme
this molecule binds to protein strands instead of the enzyme, changing its shape so that the enzyme is ready to receive substrate molecule. detach after reaction; temporary
true or false: enzymes are reusable because they do not change shape after a reaction occurs.
true
