ART HIS Midterm Questions

The Dutch Republic's unique art market, which favored portraits, genre scenes, landscapes, and still life paintings, was based on this new class of art patrons:

wealthy merchants

Spanish Baroque painters such as José de Ribera and Francisco de Zurbarán avoided painting extreme scenes of death and martyrdom.

False

No women were members of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture during the 18th century.

False

Rococo painters, such as François Boucher and Jean-Honoré Fragonard, focused exclusively on dramatic, serious, and moralistic subjects and themes.

False

The subject matter and style of Neoclassical painting was inspired, in part, by:

Greek and Roman antiquity.

The Romantic movement in art was followed, in the mid-19th century, by:

Realism

This artist did not portray imaginative, fantastic, or "exotic" scenes.

The Realist painter Gustave Courbet

Caravaggio's paintings are characterized by tenebrism, a term that refers to shadowy, dark settings and dramatic lighting effects.

True

Inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, the international Art Nouveau style was characterized by the use of elegant, plant-like motifs in design and architecture.

True

Johannes Vermeer's paintings of interior scenes reflected the values and lifestyle of prosperous middle-class, Protestant Dutch citizens.

True

Like his fellow Realist Courbet, Manet is known for for his depictions of ordinary people. However, while Courbet mainly portrayed rural peasants, Manet focused on urban, industrial life.

True

Modernist artists, such as the Impressionists, opposed established, academic art and created their own independent exhibitions.

True

Romanticism can be seen as a reaction against the Enlightenment belief in rationality and reason.

True

The Realist movement in art was in alignment with the public's embrace of empiricism and positivism, which emphasized the importance of gaining knowledge through observation, direct experience, and scientific analysis.

True

The accuracy and detail of photography appealed to the sensibilities of nineteenth-century viewers, who, generally speaking, valued realism, positivism, and empiricism.

True

The elaborate splendor of the Palace of Versailles in France demonstrates Louis XIV's (the "Sun King") authority and power.

True

The painting of Peter Paul Rubens served as an important influence and model for the embrace of color by Rococo painters.

True

The term "Impressionist" was first applied to Monet by

a hostile critic, responding to the sketch-like appearance of his painting.

After assuming the position of emperor of the French in 1804, thus ending the First Republic, Napoleon Bonaparte sought to strengthen his power by

appointing the former revolutionary, Jacques-Louis David to the position of First Painter of the Empire.

Jacques-Louis David's painting Oath of the Horatii (1784) became a revolutionary icon due to its clear depiction of:

civic virtue and patriotism.

The dynamism and theatricality of Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647-52) is meant to inspire

devotion and piety

The painting of the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens was influenced by these characteristics of Italian Baroque art:

dramatic motion and contrasts between shadow and highlights

Unlike their Realist contemporaries, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood eschewed depictions of modern life. Instead, they portrayed

fictional scenes, emphasizing anti-materialistic, spiritual themes.

Formally, the Romantic painting of artists like Géricault and Delacroix is characterized by:

muted colors and smooth, even textures.

The early photographic technology of the Daguerreotype and Calotype improved upon the use of existing techniques, such as the Camera Obscura, by:

offering a greater variety of rich colors.

The Realist painter Gustave Courbet is known for his depictions of:

ordinary people, like peasants and workers.

Which of the following is NOT a typical subject for Romantic art?

ordinary, mundane life.

Inspired by artists like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, fin-de-siècle Symbolist artists

painted visionary, imaginative scenes, often characterized by a highly subjective use of the formal elements of color, line, and shape.

Impressionist art responded to the rapid changes of modernity, such as industrialization and urbanization, by

painting the fleeting effects of light and color, often focusing on contemporary urban or suburban scenes.

Enlightenment thinkers rejected:

religious superstition and tradition

The most important patron of Baroque art and architecture in Italy during the Counter-Reformation was

the Catholic Church.

The term "Baroque" is thought to derive from

the Portuguese word for an irregularly shaped pearl

Rococo interiors, which typically contained sinuously curving architectural elements, opulent ornamentation, and small, decorative paintings and sculptures, were characteristic of:

the churches and convents run by the Roman Catholic Church

The following aspect of Manet's paintings did NOT shock critics and the public:

the high level of illusionism he used to depict realistic scenes