Epidemiology Quizzes
Reasons for Gender differences in mortality may include: A-Greater risk taking by women. B-Greater frequency of smoking among men. C- Higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women. D- A, B, and C
B- Greater frequency of smoking among men.
A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following? A-Positive declaration B-Negative declaration C-Implicit question D-None of the above
B- Negative declaration
Indicate the level of prevention that is represented: Secondary Prevention A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction B-Screening for breast cancer C- Pasteurization of Milk D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
B- Screening for breast cancer
John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera: A- Was the father of modern biostatistics. B-Established postulates for transmission of infectious disease. C- Was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments. D- Argued that the environment was associated with disease such as malaria.
C- Was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments.
Cautious use of information from death certificates is warranted because: A- Certificates are not available for everyone who dies. B-Certificates are often erroneous for death and sex. C-Case of death information may not be correct. D-Autopsy results are not included. E-All of the above
C- Cause of death information may not be correct.
Choose the incorrect answer. The U.S Census: A-Administers a detailed questionnaire to a subset of the population. B-Attempts to account for every person in the country. C-Is called the decennial census and is administered every 5 years. D-Characterizes the population according to demographic variables.
C- Is called the decennial census and is administered every five years.
Indicate the level of prevention that is represented. Primary Prevention Passive A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction B-Screening for breast cancer C- Pasteurization of Milk D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
C- Pasteurization of milk
The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely expiration is that: A- The mortality rate is greater in women. B- The case fatality rate is greater in women. C- The duration of the disease is greater in women D-Women receive less adequate medical care for the disease.
C- The duration of the disease is greater in women.
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that: A-They may not allow for comparison of populations that differ in size. B-There are difficult to calculate from available data sources. C-They do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition. Di-All of the above
C- They do not permit comparison of population that vary in composition.
The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of: A-Hippocrates B-Graunt C-Snow Dl-Koch E-Semmelweis
C-Snow
Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)? A-Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient B-Description of seasonal trends in disease occurrence C-Examination of disease occurrence among population groups D-Demonstration of geographic variations in disease frequency
A- Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient
Indicate the level of prevention that is represented: Tertiary Prevention A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction B-Screening for breast cancer C- Pasteurization of Milk D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
A- Half-way houses for persons recovering form addiction
According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of: A-Prepathogenesis B-Pathogenesis C-Primogenesis D- B & C
A- Prepathogenesis
There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in medical journals because: A-They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventative medicine B-Infectious diseases are predominant in American society. C- It is relatively easy to investigate risk factors through experiments D- All of the above
A- They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventative medicine.
The fundamental took for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic diseases. A-This is a sues primarily for incidence data. B-This is a use primarily for prevalence data. C-This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data. Dl-This is a use for incidence data nor prevalence data.
A- This is a use primarily for incidence data.
What is one the widely used sources of statistical data on cancer? A-Disease registries B-Vital statistics C-Special survey studies D-Hospital clinic statistics
A-Disease registries
Which of the following terms is expressed as a proportion (as distinguished from a ratio)? A-Male Births/Female Births B- Female Births/Male + Female Births C-Female Births/ Male Births D- A and C
B- Female Births/ Male + Female births
Determine workload and planning the scope of facilities and manpower needs, particular for chronic disease. A- This is primarily for incidence data. B-This is a use primarily for prevalence data. C-This application could apply equally for both incidence and prevalence data. D- This is a use for neither incidence data nor prevalence data.
B- This is a use primarily for prevalence data.
Which of the following is NOT usually an aim of epidemiology? A- To describe the health status of the population B-To fund the new public health programs C-To explain the etiology of disease D- To predict the occurrence of disease E- To control the distribution of disease
B- To fund new public health programs
Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the following trends in disease occurrence? A- A residual disorder B-A new epidemic disorder C- A persistent disorder D- A disappearing disorder
B-A new epidemic disorder
The best routinely available sources of data regarding the incidence of respiratory disease outbreaks and other rapidly spreading conditions are: A-Death Certificates B-Reports of absenteeism from work and school. C-Case registries D-Hospital records
B-Reports of absenteeism from work and school
An abrupt drop in mortality due to specific disease from one year to the next is: A-Incorrect listing of cause of death by the physician on the death certificate. B-Coding mistake when using the international classification of disease (ICD) system C- A and B D-A change in the international classification of disease system E-Fewer older persons dying from chronic diseases each year.
D- A change in the intention classification of disease.
Which of the following data sources is most likely to provide a representative sample of the general health status of the population? A-Hospital outpatient statistics B-Absenteeism data C-Data from public health clinics D-A morbidity survey of the general population
D- A morbidity survey of the general population
What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease frequency over time? A-changes in diagnostic criteria B-Changes in the age distribution C- Changes in fatal course of the condition D- All of the above
D- All of the above
Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is: A-Associated with high suicide rates among married females B-Theorized to be a selective factor in health C-Theorized to be a protective factor in health D-B and C
D- B and C
What data source has the advantage of being almost nearly complete in the US? A-Reportable disease statistics B-Mortality statistics C-Birth statistics D-B and C
D- B and C
Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with the host? A- Tertiary B-Secondary C-Primary D-Both A&B
D- Both A and B
Indicate the level of prevention that is represented. Primary Prevention A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction B-Screening for breast cancer C- Pasteurization of Milk D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
Choose the incorrect answer. The Gini index: A- Is a measure of inequality B- Is related to the number of unhealthy days in the US states C- Varies across states in the US D- Ranges from 1 to 2 E-Represents complete income inequality when it is 1.
D- Ranges from 1 to 2.
The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by: A- The mortality rate from that disease in the 0-4 age group. B- A spot map the records all cases of the disease in the past year. C-They period prevalence for that disease during the past year. D-The incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time.
D- The incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time.
Beach city has a rising population of 600,000 robust, fertile males and 500,000 robust fertile females. If there were 3,000 live births, 3 fetal deaths, and 50 maternal deaths, what is the crude birth rate? A- 3,000/500,000 x1000 B-3,000/600,000 x1000 C-3,003/1,100,000 x1000 D- 3,000/1,100,000 x1000 E-3,997/1,100,000 x1000
D-3,000/1,100,000 x1000
High rates of mortality from hypertension found among African Americans may be due to: A-Dietary factors B-Exposure to dress C-Lack of social support Dl-Obesity E-All of the above
E-All of the above
T/F? In current thinking, the term epidemic is used to only describe outbreaks of infectious disease
FALSE
T/F? John Snow is credited with developing the smallpox vaccine
FALSE
T/F? The study of disease linked to harmful physical energy, such as ionizing radiation, would be outside the scope of epidemiology
FALSE
T/F? Koch published Die Artiologie deer Tuberkulose in 1882, a breakthrough that led to improved classification of disease by specific casual organisms.
TRUE
T/F? The 2009-2010 episode of influenza first identified in the US eventually called 2009 H1N1 influenza was classified as pandemic by WHO in summer 2009.
TRUE
T/F? The Farmington Heart Study, begun in 1948, pioneered research into coronary heart disease risk factors
TRUE
T/F? The epidemiologic and clinic descriptions of disease are different
TRUE