EPITHELIAL TISSUE
How many layers of cells does a stratified epithelium have?
2 to 20 or more layers
What is the basement membrane?
A) A membrane that separates epithelial tissue from connective tissue
What is the function of the basement membrane?
A) To provide structural support for epithelial tissue
What is the main function of columnar cells?
A. Absorption and secretion of mucus and other products.
What is the name of the membrane that is located underneath the epithelium?
A. Basement membrane
What is the name of the structure that is described as having microvilli?
A. Brush border
What are the characteristics of epithelium?
A. Cells fit closely together, tissue layer always has one free surface, the lower surface is bound by a basement membrane, and avascular (have no blood supply).
How many free surfaces does epithelium have?
A. Epithelium always has one free surface.
What type of cell is responsible for secreting mucus and other products?
A. Goblet cell
Does epithelium have a blood supply?
A. No, epithelium is avascular and has no blood supply.
What is the name of the type of epithelium being described in this text?
A. Simple columnar epithelium (nonciliated)
What is the purpose of the basement membrane in epithelium?
A. The basement membrane in epithelium helps to bind the lower surface of the tissue layer.
How are the cells in epithelium arranged?
A. The cells in epithelium are arranged closely together.
What is a basal cell in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: A stem cell that can differentiate into other cell types in the epithelium.
What is the basement membrane in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: A thin, fibrous layer that anchors the epithelium to underlying tissue.
What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: Secretion and transport of mucus.
What is the purpose of cilia in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: To aid in the transport of mucus.
What is the overall function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: To protect underlying tissue and aid in the secretion and transport of mucus.
What is the role of goblet cells in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A: To secrete mucus.
Can a gland consist of a single cell or does it have to be a group of cells?
Answer: A gland can consist of a single cell or a group of cells.
What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?
Answer: B) Protection
What are the two types of cells present in Stratified Squamous epithelium?
Answer: B. Keratinized and Dead Cells
What is the name of the layer that separates the epithelium from the underlying tissue?
Answer: Basement membrane.
What type of tissue is stratified columnar epithelium?
Answer: C) Epithelial tissue
What is the primary role of stratified columnar epithelium in the body?
Answer: C) Secretion
What type of epithelium is Stratified Squamous?
Answer: C. Stratified Squamous
What is the function of Stratified Squamous epithelium?
Answer: C. To resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms
What is the function of keratin in Stratified Squamous epithelium?
Answer: C. To resist abrasion and prevent water loss through skin
What replaces the lost cell during holocrine secretion?
Answer: Cell division replaces the lost cell during holocrine secretion.
What structures are present in simple columnar epithelium (ciliated)?
Answer: Cilia, basement membrane, goblet cell, and columnar cells.
What is the shape of columnar cells?
Answer: Columnar cells are like columns.
What type of tissue is mentioned in relation to the epithelium?
Answer: Connective tissue
Which type of tissue is commonly found in bones and provides support and structure?
Answer: Connective tissue is commonly found in bones and provides support and structure.
What are some functions of the stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Answer: Contributes to sweat secretion, secretes ovarian hormones, produces sperm
What type of cells make up the epithelium?
Answer: Cuboidal cells
What is the shape of cuboidal cells?
Answer: Cuboidal cells are like a cube (square).
In addition to secretion and absorption, what is another function of cuboidal epithelial cells?
Answer: Cuboidal epithelial cells are involved in the production of respiratory mucus.
What is the function of cuboidal epithelial cells?
Answer: Cuboidal epithelial cells perform secretion and absorption.
Which of the following is not a function of stratified columnar epithelium?
Answer: D) Absorption
What is the function of the pharynx?
Answer: D) Protection
What is the role of dead squamous cells in Stratified Squamous epithelium?
Answer: D. None of the above (dead squamous cells do not have a functional role in the epithelium)
What happens during holocrine secretion?
Answer: During holocrine secretion, the mature cell dies and becomes the secretory product.
What is the topic of this text?
Answer: Endocrine glands
What is the function of endocrine glands?
Answer: Endocrine glands produce hormones that regulate many metabolic and physiological activities to maintain homeostasis.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Answer: Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid, which then diffuse directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface or lumen of a hollow organ.
What are exocrine glands?
Answer: Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances to the outside of the body or into a cavity through a duct.
What are the substances that exocrine glands produce?
Answer: Exocrine glands produce substances such as sweat to help lower body temperature, oil, earwax, saliva, or digestive enzymes.
What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?
Answer: Filtration and diffusion, and secretion of serous membrane.
What is homeostasis?
Answer: Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
What type of cells produce hormones in the thyroid gland?
Answer: Hormone-producing (epithelial) cells
What do hormones do in the body?
Answer: Hormones are chemical messengers that help regulate various functions in the body such as growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and immune responses.
What is the duct of the sweat gland follicles?
Answer: It is a structure that is related to the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium in sweat secretion.
What is the function of simple columnar epithelium (ciliated)?
Answer: Movement of egg and embryo in uterine tube.
Is the stratified squamous epithelium described in the text keratinized or nonkeratinized?
Answer: Nonkeratinized.
What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Answer: Simple cuboidal epithelium performs secretion and absorption.
What is the name of the type of epithelium found in the lumen of the kidney tubule?
Answer: Simple cuboidal epithelium.
What is the name of the type of epithelium being described?
Answer: Simple squamous epithelium.
Name some examples of endocrine glands.
Answer: Some examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and ovaries/testes.
How are squamous cells arranged?
Answer: Squamous cells are thin and arranged like floor tiles.
What are the cells that make up this type of epithelium?
Answer: Squamous epithelial cells.
What is the name of the type of epithelium being discussed in this text?
Answer: Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What is the name of the epithelium described in the text?
Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium.
Where are the sweat glands located?
Answer: Sweat glands are located in the skin.
What is the function of sweat glands?
Answer: Sweat glands produce sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products.
What is the role of the Golgi complex in the process of secretion?
Answer: The Golgi complex modifies and packages the secretory material into secretory vesicles.
What is the basement membrane?
Answer: The basement membrane is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that separates the epithelium from underlying tissues.
How does the body use hormones to maintain homeostasis?
Answer: The body uses hormones to regulate various physiological processes such as blood sugar levels, blood pressure, body temperature, and water and electrolyte balance to maintain homeostasis.
What is the classification of surface epithelium based on?
Answer: The classification of surface epithelium is based on the shape of the cells.
What is the role of digestive enzymes produced by exocrine glands?
Answer: The digestive enzymes produced by exocrine glands help to break down food in the digestive system.
What is the name of the duct found in the umbilical cord?
Answer: The duct found in the umbilical cord is called the duct of the umbilical cord.
What is the role of earwax produced by exocrine glands?
Answer: The earwax produced by exocrine glands helps to protect the ear canal from dirt and bacteria.
Are the epithelial cells in the stratified squamous epithelium living or dead?
Answer: The epithelial cells in the stratified squamous epithelium are living.
What is the function of exocrine glands?
Answer: The function of exocrine glands is to produce substances such as sweat to help lower body temperature, oil, earwax, saliva, or digestive enzymes.
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
Answer: The function of glandular epithelium is secretion.
What is the function of the stratified squamous epithelium?
Answer: The function of the stratified squamous epithelium is to resist abrasion (protection) and penetration by pathogenic organisms.
What is the function of transitional epithelial cells?
Answer: The function of transitional epithelial cells is to stretch to allow the filling of the urinary tract.
What is the functional classification of exocrine glands based on?
Answer: The functional classification of exocrine glands is based on how their secretions are released.
What is the functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands?
Answer: The functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands refers to the types of secretions they produce.
What is the functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands?
Answer: The functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands.
What is the lumen of the duct of a sweat gland?
Answer: The lumen of the duct of a sweat gland is the space through which sweat flows before it is released from the gland.
What is the role of oil produced by exocrine glands?
Answer: The oil produced by exocrine glands helps to moisturize and protect the skin.
What is the role of saliva produced by exocrine glands?
Answer: The saliva produced by exocrine glands helps to break down food and aid in digestion.
What type of gland is the salivary gland?
Answer: The salivary gland is a multicellular exocrine gland.
What type of secretion does the salivary gland produce?
Answer: The salivary gland produces merocrine secretion.
Which gland is an example of a holocrine gland?
Answer: The sebaceous (oil) gland is an example of a holocrine gland.
What is the secretory cell of a sweat gland?
Answer: The secretory cell of a sweat gland is the cell responsible for producing and releasing sweat.
How is the secretory material released from the cell?
Answer: The secretory material is released from the cell through the process of exocytosis.
What is the role of the secretory vesicle in the process of secretion?
Answer: The secretory vesicle stores and transports the secretory material within the cell.
What happens to the shape of transitional epithelial cells depending on the stretch?
Answer: The shape of transitional epithelial cells changes from squamous to cuboidal depending on the stretch.
What type of tissue is the stratified squamous epithelium connected to?
Answer: The stratified squamous epithelium is connected to connective tissue.
What is the role of sweat produced by exocrine glands?
Answer: The sweat produced by exocrine glands helps to lower body temperature.
Name the three types of functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands.
Answer: The three types of functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands are Merocrine, Apocrine, and Holocrine.
What type of tissue is not mentioned in the text?
Answer: There is no mention of nervous tissue or muscle tissue in the text.
What is the name of the structure found in the thyroid gland?
Answer: Thyroid follicle
What is the name of the specific gland mentioned in this text?
Answer: Thyroid gland
What is the characteristic of transitional cells?
Answer: Transitional cells have a cell shape that changes from flat to cuboidal.
In what shape are transitional epithelial cells when they are relaxed?
Answer: Transitional epithelial cells are cuboidal when relaxed.
What is the name of the type of tissue that stretches to allow filling of the urinary tract?
Answer: Transitional epithelium
Can an imbalance in hormone levels cause health problems?
Answer: Yes, an imbalance in hormone levels can cause various health problems such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, infertility, and growth disorders.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Answer: a. Protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion
What is an example of where epithelial tissue can be found in the body?
Answer: c. Skin
Where is epithelial tissue found?
Answer: d. In different areas including body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue
What is apocrine secretion?
Apocrine secretion is a type of secretion process in multicellular exocrine glands.
What is the apical surface of epithelial tissue?
B) The surface of epithelial tissue that faces the external or internal environment
Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?
C) Generating mechanical force for movement
What is epithelial tissue?
C) Tissue that lines the external and internal surfaces of the body
How does apocrine secretion work in the mammary gland?
In the mammary gland, apocrine secretion occurs when a portion of the cell is pinched off to release the milk.
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
It allows for easy diffusion of substances, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, through the cell membrane.
What is the function of transitional epithelium?
It allows for stretching and expansion, making it commonly found in areas like the bladder.
What does surface epithelium do?
It covers the skin and internal organs and lines blood vessels, ducts, and digestive and respiratory tracts.
What does glandular epithelium do?
It forms the secretory parts of the glands.
Where is stratified squamous epithelium commonly found?
It is found in areas subject to wear and tear, such as the skin and lining of the mouth.
What does a pseudostratified epithelium appear to have?
Multiple layers
Do all cells in a pseudostratified epithelium reach the free surface?
No, not all cells reach the free surface.
How many layers of cells does a simple epithelium have?
One layer
What are the three broad categories for surface epithelium classification?
Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium
What are the two types of surface epithelium classifications?
Simple epithelium and stratified epithelium
Name four types of simple epithelium.
Simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Name three types of stratified epithelium.
Stratified squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, and stratified columnar epithelium.
What are the two main types of epithelium?
Surface epithelium and glandular epithelium
What is the functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands?
The functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands is the focus of the text.
What is the mammary gland?
The mammary gland is a type of exocrine gland that produces milk for breastfeeding.
What is the significance of understanding the functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands?
Understanding the functional classification of multicellular exocrine glands is important in identifying and treating various medical conditions related to these glands.
Do all cells in a pseudostratified epithelium reach the basement membrane?
Yes, every cell reaches the basement membrane.
What are the two main types of epithelium?
a. Surface and glandular