Equilibrium Systems Set

Which expression defines molarity?

#moles / Liter solution

All chemicals that contain OH in the formula are bases.

False

Ammonia is a strong acid.

False

Chemical reactions forming ions do not balance electrically.

False

Either oxidation or reduction can take place independently in any particular reaction.

False

Litmus turns blue in acidic solutions.

False

Is it likely that an atom of Te would substitute for an atom of O in a solid compound?

No

__________ molecules are likely to dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Nonpolar

The values used in the scale of pH and pOH are derived from a system designed by ______.

Sorenson

Alloys are examples of solid solutions.

True

Crystallization is a good way to purify solids.

True

Equilibrium systems exist throughout nature.

True

What relationship seems to be true?

When ionic character decreases, electrical conductivity decreases.

Oxidation is a reaction in which there is a ___________ of electrons which results in a(n) ____________ in positive charge of the atom or ion.

loss; increase

An element or compound which occurs naturally in the earth is a(n)

mineral

Polar molecules are unlikely to dissolve in ___________ solvents

nonpolar

Which acid is the strongest? pH = 0.5 pH = 2.0 pH = 3.5 pH = 5

pH = 0.5 (smaller number = stronger acid)

What relationship do you find between the pH number and the power of 10 used to express the [H + ]?

pH = the negative of the exponent of concentration

Sugar dissolving in water is a ____________ change.

physical

Polar molecules will usually dissolve in _________ solvents.

polar

The solvent is usually referred to as the component of a solution which is present as: (Select all that apply.)

the larger quantity the liquid which dissolves a solid

What is the pH of a 0.1 M acid solution?

1

One mole of the acid HCl requires how many moles of OH - for neutralization?

1 mole

What is the pH of a 0.1 M basic solution?

13

The sum of pH and pOH for any aqueous solution equals

14

A salt will always precipitate out of solution when it is produced.

False

Equilibrium is established in a reversible reaction when:

the rate of reaction of products = the rate of reaction of reactants

The method used to determine the equivalence point of an acid-base solution is called:

titration

A neutralization reaction between an acid and a base will yield:

water and a salt

Which of the following are characteristics of a strong base? Choose three.

1: Many OH- ions 2: Few H+ ions 3: Large Kb and small Ka

What is a salt? A compound is formed from a(n) _________ of an acid and a(n) _________ of a base.

Anion; Cation

The reduction in the freezing point of a solution is inversely proportional to molal concentration.

False

The vapor pressure of water is not affected by the amount of salt added.

False

Water has a large K a value.

False

When acids react with water, __________ions are released and then combine with water molecules to form ____________.

H ; hydronium ions

Which element must be present in an acid?

Hydrogen

Sn = 0.14 (E 0 ) Sn +2 = -0.15 (E 0 ) Which form of tin is more likely to give up electrons?

Sn

Sn =0.14 (E 0 ) Sn +2 = -0.15 (E 0 ) Which form of tin is the stronger reducing agent?

Sn

The component that dissolves in a solution is called the __________.

Solute

M --> M+ +e-

The reaction represents oxidation

Where do the OH - ions go as additional acid is added?

They combine with excess H + ions to form more water.

M + e - M -1

This reaction represents reduction

A REDOX reaction is a process by which atoms change their ion charge.

True

A large K a favors the production of hydronium ions.

True

Salt acts as an antifreeze.

True

At STP conditions, 0.25 mole of CO2(g), H2(g), NH 3(g) will: (Select all that apply.)

contain the same number of molecules occupy the same volume

Solutions which can conduct electricity must contain:

ions

The substance that is dissolving is called the __________.

solute

A high percent of dissociation is always expected to yield a high conductivity.

False

A homogeneous portion of a mixture that is characterized by uniform properties and capable of being separated by mechanical means is called a phase.

False

A strong oxidizing agent will donate electrons readily.

False

It is likely that Si and P would substitute for each other in a solid solution.

False

Molecules are charged.

False

Solid solutions are only formed with metals.

False

Solid solutions are rare.

False

The physical properties of a solution are not affected by the concentration of the components.

False

A chemical base may be defined as a compound that contributes hydroxide ions or increases the OH - concentration when dissolved in water.

True

A large K a means a strong acid.

True

A liquid solution can be made from a solid, liquid, or gas solute.

True

A system is in equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

True

All gaseous mixtures are solutions.

True

In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent always undergoes reduction.

True

Ions can consist of more than one atom.

True

Regarding the table of oxidation potentials, a reactant on the list can oxidize any agent above it and reduce any agent below it.

True

Solutions are a mixture of 2 or more compounds.

True

The degree of sour taste is due to the acid in the food.

True

The degree to which various compounds will dissociate in solution varies greatly.

True

The equivalence point occurs when [H+] = [OH-].

True

The greater the amount of H + released the stronger the acid.

True

The orderly geometric arrangement of atoms is called a crystalline solid.

True

When a base is added to water, the [H + ] is reduced.

True

Consider the Zn(s) + Cu +2 (aq) > Zn +2 (aq) + Cu(s) system.

Which element was the electron donor? - Zinc Which element was the electron acceptor? - Copper Which element must be more willing to give up electrons? - Zinc The electron donor is the - reducing - agent. The electron acceptor is the - oxidizing - agent

Which is the strongest base? [H+]=10^-10 [H+]=10^-9 [H+]=10^-11 [H+]=10^-12

[H+]=10^-12 (The smaller the H+ value, the stronger the base will be. On the flip side the bigger the OH, the stronger the base.)

The purging of impurities from a compound by crystallization occurs:

after the liquid melt cools back to a solid

The following are properties of compounds _____.

all of the above (vapor pressure, density, boiling point)

A mole of the element U (uranium) and a mole of CO 2 have:

an equal number of particles

Solute will continue to dissolve in a solvent until:

an equilibrium is reached

Which word would not make this statement true? "The first step in the two-step process of making a solution is the breakdown of the solute source into _____."

atomic particles

The correct litmus test for an acid is:

blue litmus turns red

As an acid is added to neutral water, the [OH - ] will

decrease

The physical properties of a solution are ______________ the properties of its individual components.

different from

The process of intermingling of the ions (molecules) of one substance into another is called:

diffusion

Generally, you may expect ionization to be greater in:

dilute solutions

Solutions which can conduct electricity are called:

electrolytes

From the figure of the electrochemical cell, what is producing the current in the wire connecting the electrodes?

electrons moving from Zn to Cu

The mass of one mole of any substance is:

equal to the sum of the atomic masses of every atom in the formula

Reduction is a reaction which results in a ___________ in electrons and a(n) ___________ in positive charge of the atom or ion.

gain ; decrease

A mixture which may be in more than one state is _____________

heterogenous

As an acid is added to neutral water, the H + will

increase

Substance A will not dissolve in water. What can be said about substance A?

it is nonpolar

When the K a value is very large, the ____________ are favored over the __________.

products ; reactants

A characteristic of acids is that they react with metals to:

release hydrogen gas

The K w of water:

remains constant regardless of the pH

One mole of ANY element contains the:

same number of atoms as one mole of any other element

Two teaspoons of salt are added to a glass of water which is then stirred until no more salt grains can be seen. Two more teaspoons are added and stirring is continued, but the salt grains are still evident in the glass and settle to the bottom. After the addition of the last two teaspoons of salt the solution is ___________________________.

saturated

In order for one type of atom to substitute for another in a solid solution, the substituting atom must be: (Select all that apply.)

similar in size from the same group

The liquid component that makes up the largest part of a solution is called the ________ , and the substance that is dissolved is called the ________.

solvent; solute

Which characteristic is least likely to be used for predicting percent dissociation of a solid in a liquid?

temperature

Define ionize.

the process of becoming an ion a polar covalent molecule forming ions